Chamaesphecia kautzi Reisser, 1930 P. aistleitneri A molecular phylogeny and revision of the genus Pyropteron Newman, 1832 (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae) reveals unexpected diversity and frequent hostplant switch as a driver of speciation Bartsch, Daniel Pühringer, Franz Milla, Liz Lingenhöle, Arthur Kallies, Axel Zootaxa 2021 2021-05-18 4972 1 1 75 BBBHL (Reisser, 1930) Reisser 1930 [151,556,1783,1810] Insecta Sesiidae Pyropteron Animalia Lepidoptera 41 42 Arthropoda species kautzi  ( Figs 18, 20, 132–134)    Chamaesphecia kautzi Reisser, 1930: Zeitschrift des Österreichischen Entomologen-Vereines, 15 (11): 104, pl. 13. Lectotype: ♂, Spain, Granada, Sierra Nevada, Monte del Lobo,  2784 m(SMNK). This enigmatic species is an endemic of the Sierra Nevada in southern Spainon crystalline substrate. For a long time, it was known only from the 6 femalespecimens that make up the type series. The male was discovered and described by Pühringer & Pöll (1999). The same authors also discovered the life history and habitat and captured several males with the help of artificial pheromones ( Pühringer & Pöll 2004b). The lectotypewas designated by Špatenka (1992). Later, this specimen as well as three paralectotypesin the SMNK were damaged by collection pests, but not destroyed, as stated by Pühringer & Pöll (2004b). The lectotypelacks the left pair of wings and the abdomen ( Fig. 134). The subsequent designation of another lectotypein the NHMW by Pühringer & Pöll (2004b)is invalid. For differentiation from  P. aistleitnerisee there.   Barcodes.This species is sister to  P. aistleitneri. As to be expected by the small, relictary distribution it is a very homogenous species with an intraspecific barcode difference of less than 0.3%.   Biology and habitat.The species occurs in stony, cold and stormy places in summit areas ( 2380–3000 m) of the Sierra Nevadawhere the hostplant,  Erodium cheilanthifolium, is growing. In the raw habitat, where you wouldn’t suspect a moth approaching, you don’t even need a net to catch the specimens. They can be more easily taken with a jar when flying to the pheromone just above the ground or sometimes even crawling there! A male was observed in early afternoon suckling on flowers of  E. cheilanthifoliumand esp.  Cerastium(Caryophyllaceae), flying targeted from plant to plant (FP). Larvae were detected in two size classes during the flight time of the moth and therefore assumed to undergo a three-year development ( Pühringer & Pöll 2004b).   Distribution.Sierra Nevada, Southern Spain ( Laštůvka & Laštůvka 1995, 2001, Pühringer & Pöll 1999; Pühringer & Pöll 2004b).  Specimens examined.  3♂( Figs 132–133), Spain, Granada, Sierra Nevada, Pico del Veleta,  3000m,  12.VII.2000, leg. Pühringer& Pöll( CDB, SMNS).  1♂, ibid.,  2800 m,  30.VII.1998, leg. N. Pöll& FP (CCDB-02114 C11, gen. prep. FP 98/62);  1♂, 1♀, ibid.,  2900–2950 m, pupae in roots of  Erodium cheilanthifolium(4.VII.), e.p.  8.–9.VII.2000, leg. FP & N. Pöll(photo 43/5/16-6/8 ( ♀), 44/2/4-19 ( ♂));  6♂, ibid.,  2950 m,  11.VII.2000, leg. FP & N. Pöll;  5♂, ibid.,  2950–3000 m,  12.VII.2000, leg. FP & N. Pöll;  23♂, ibid.,  2950–3000 m,  14.VII.2000, leg. FP & N. Pöll(CCDB-02113 F05, DNAtax 02-14);  9♂, ibid.,  2950 m,  16.VII.2000, leg. FP & N. Pöll(BOX-2219 H01, gen. prep. FP 01/20);  5♂, ibid.,  2870–2900 m,  4.VII.2018, leg. FP (photo IMG_033682-702);  17♂, ibid.,  2870 m,  7.VII.2018, leg. FP (photo IMG_033877-93);  1♂, 1♀, ibid.,  2890 m, pupae in roots of  Erodium cheilanthifolium(7.VII.), e.p.  23.–25.VII.2018, leg. FP (photo IMG_034172-82 ( ♀));  1♂, Spain, Granada, Sierra Nevada, San Juan,  2770 m,  13.VII.2000, leg. FP & N. Pöll(BOX-2219 G12, gen. prep. FP 01/19);  14♂, Spain, Almería, Sierra Nevada E, Cerro Almirez,  2410–2500 m,  5.VII.2018, leg. FP (photo IMG_033754-78);  5♂, Spain, Almería, Sierra Nevada E, W Pico del Buitre,  2380–2400 m,  5.VII.2018, leg. FP ( CFP). 3127750737 2000-07-12 CDB, SMNS Puhringer & Poll Spain Pico del Veleta 3000 Granada Sierra Nevada 42 43 3 3 3127750453 1998-07-30 CDB, SMNS N. Poll Spain Pico del Veleta 2800 Granada Sierra Nevada 42 43 1 1 3127750354 2000-07-08 2000-07-09 2000-07-08 CDB, SMNS Poll Spain Pico del Veleta 2925 Granada Sierra Nevada 42 43 4 2 2 3127750702 [813,1382,870,897] 2000-07-11 2000-07-09 2000-07-08 CDB, SMNS Poll Spain Pico del Veleta 2950 Granada Sierra Nevada 42 43 6 6 3127750486 2000-07-12 2000-07-09 2000-07-08 CDB, SMNS Poll Spain Pico del Veleta 2975 Granada Sierra Nevada 42 43 5 5 3127751000 2000-07-14 2000-07-09 2000-07-08 CDB, SMNS Poll Spain Pico del Veleta 2975 Granada Sierra Nevada 42 43 23 23 3127750864 2000-07-16 2000-07-09 2000-07-08 CDB, SMNS Poll Spain Pico del Veleta 2950 Granada Sierra Nevada 42 43 9 9 3127751099 [275,1072,978,1006] 2018-07-04 2000-07-09 2000-07-08 CDB, SMNS Poll Spain Pico del Veleta 2885 Granada Sierra Nevada 42 43 5 5 3127750681 2018-07-07 2000-07-09 2000-07-08 CDB, SMNS Poll Spain Pico del Veleta 2870 Granada Sierra Nevada 42 43 17 17 3127750731 2018-07-23 2018-07-25 2018-07-23 CDB, SMNS Poll Spain Pico del Veleta 2890 Granada Sierra Nevada 42 43 3 2 1 3127750589 2000-07-13 N. Poll Spain San Juan 2770 Granada Sierra Nevada 42 43 1 1 3127750727 2018-07-05 Sierra Nevada E Spain 2455 Almeria Cerro Almirez 42 43 14 14 3127750767 2018-07-05 CFP Sierra Nevada E Spain 2390 Almeria Pico del Buitre 42 43 5 5