A species-level taxonomic review and host associations of Glyptapanteles (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) with an emphasis on 136 new reared species from Costa Rica and Ecuador Arias-Penna, Diana Carolina Whitfield, James B. Janzen, Daniel H. Winifred Hallwachs, Dyer, Lee A. Smith, M. Alex Hebert, Paul D. N. Fernandez-Triana, Jose L. ZooKeys 2019 890 1 685 http://zoobank.org/10FD1E1E-597B-4F9F-B60F-6AE6881F68A8 Arias-Penna, sp. nov. Insecta Braconidae Glyptapanteles GBIF Animalia Glyptapanteles charlesporteri Hymenoptera 0 1 Arthropoda species charlesporteri  Female. Body length 3.53 mm, antenna length 4.03 mm, fore wing length 3.18 mm.Type material. Holotype COSTA RICA• 1♀; 06-SRNP-9500, DHJPAR0012673; Areade Conservacion Guanacaste, Alajuela, Sector San Cristobal, Potrero Argentina; pastures; 520 m; 10.89021, -85.38803; 21.xi.2006; Carolina Cano leg.; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; brown dull gray cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on 03.xii.2006; adult parasitoids emerged on  12.xii.2006; ( CNC).  Paratypes. • 23 ( 4♀, 4♂) ( 15♀, 0 ♂); 06-SRNP-9500, DHJPAR0012673; same data as for holotype; ( CNC).  Other material.  Reared material.  COSTA RICA:   Areade Conservacion Guanacaste,  Alajuela,  Sector San Cristobal,   RioBlanco Abajo: • 61 ( 3♀, 3♂) ( 46♀, 9♂); 02-SRNP-704, DHJPAR0000276; rain forest;  500 m; 10.90037, -85.37254;  05.ii.2002;  Carolina Cano; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; cocoons in host cocoon; adult parasitoids emerged on  23.ii.2002. • 32 ( 3♀, 3♂) ( 21♀, 5♂); 05-SRNP-7307, DHJPAR0005108; same data as for preceding except:  23.xi.2005,  Gloria Sihezar; caterpillar collected in third instar; dark gray cocoons in host cocoon; adult parasitoids emerged on  05.i.2006.   Areade ConservacionGuanacaste, Alajuela, Sector  San Cristobal,  Sendero Corredor: • 44 ( 3♀, 3♂) ( 37♀, 1♂); 03-SRNP-35034, DHJPAR0000266, DHJPAR0001522;  620 m; 10.87868, -85.38963;  22.xii.2003;  Elda Araya; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; beige solitary ovoid cocoons in host cocoon; adult parasitoids emerged on  10.i.2003.   Areade ConservacionGuanacaste, Alajuela, Sector  San Cristobal,  Sendero Palo Alto: 39 ( 3♀, 3♂) ( 30♀, 3♂); 05-SRNP-2592, DHJPAR0004233;  570 m; 10.88186, -85.38221;  09.v.2005;  Carolina Cano; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; dark cocoons in host cocoon; adult parasitoids emerged on  03.vi.2005.   Areade ConservacionGuanacaste, Alajuela, Sector  San Cristobal,  Vado  RioCucaracho: 42 ( 3♀, 3♂) ( 32♀, 4♂); 06-SRNP-4410, DHJPAR0012010;  640 m; 10.8702, -85.39153;  06.vi.2006;  Yessenia Mendoza; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; cocoons adhered to the larval cuticle; adult parasitoids emerged on  27.vi.2006.   Areade ConservacionGuanacaste, Alajuela, Sector  San Cristobal,  Sendero Tepiscuintle: • 32 ( 3♀, 3♂) ( 24♀, 2♂); 07-SRNP-1274, DHJPAR0030908; rain forest;  14.iii.2007;  Carolina Cano; caterpillar collected in third instar; cocoons in host cocoon; adult parasitoids emerged on  12.iv.2007.   Areade Conservacion  Guanacaste, Alajuela,  Sector RinconRain Forest,  Sendero Anonas: • 60 ( 5♀, 1♂) ( 54♀, 0 ♂); 09-SRNP-40118, DHJPAR0034264;  405 m; 10.90528, -85.27882,  20.i.2009; Jorge Hernandez; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; cocoons adhered to larva and substrate; adult parasitoids emerged on  20.ii.2009.  Malaise-trapped material.   COSTA RICA:   Area de Conservacion Guanacaste,  Alajuela,  Sector San Cristobal,   RioBlanco Abajo: • 1 ( 1♀, 0 ♂) (0 ♀, 0 ♂); 07-SRNP-66569, DHJPAR0025107; rain forest;  500 m; 10.90037, -85.37254; Malaise trap;  13.xii.2007;  DH Janzen& W Hallwachs.• 1 ( 1♀, 0 ♂) (0 ♀, 0 ♂); 07-SRNP-66768, DHJPAR0025306; same data as for preceding except:  02.ix.2007.   Areade ConservacionGuanacaste, Alajuela, Sector  San Cristobal,  Bosque Trampa Malaise: • 1 (0 ♀, 0 ♂) ( 1♀, 0 ♂); 07-SRNP-67843, DHJPAR0027639; rain forest;  815 m; 10.86280, -85.38460;  01.xi.2007; DH Janzen& W Hallwachs.   Areade ConservacionGuanacaste, Alajuela, Sector RinconRain Forest, Vado Rio  Francia: • 1 ( 1♀, 0 ♂) (0 ♀, 0 ♂); 07-SRNP-66943, DHJPAR0025481;  400 m; 10.90093, -85.28915; Malaise trap;  09.x.2007;  DH Janzen& W Hallwachs.• 1 (0 ♀, 0 ♂) ( 1♀, 0 ♂); 07-SRNP-66965, DHJPAR0025503; same data as for preceding except:  20.xii.2007. • 1 (0 ♀, 0 ♂) ( 1♀, 0 ♂); 08-SRNP-41681, DHJPAR0026124; same data as for preceding except:  01.i.2008.  Diagnosis. Propleuron with fine rugae, dorsal carina delimiting a dorsal furrow absent ( Figs 50A, E, 51A, B, E), distal antennal flagellomere subequal in length with penultimate, mesoscutum punctation distinct proximally ranging to satiny distally ( Figs 50B, 51B), median area on T2 as broad as long, lateral grooves delimiting the median area distally losing definition ( Figs 50D, G, 51D, J), propodeal spiracle distally framed by a short concave carina ( Figs 50B, C, 51B, C), scutellum in profile convex and slightly higher than mesoscutum ( Figs 50E, 51E), and fore wing with 2RS convex, outer side of junction of r and 2RS veins not forming a stub ( Figs 50I, 51G).   Figure 50.  Glyptapanteles charlesporterisp. nov. female 06-SRNP-9500 DHJPAR0012673 AHabitus B, EMesosoma BDorsolateral view ELateral view CMetanotum, propodeum, dorsal view DT1-2, dorsolateral view F, GMetasoma FLateral view GLaterodorsal view HGenitalia: hypopygium, ovipositor sheaths, lateral view I, JWings IFore JHind.   Figure 51.  Glyptapanteles charlesporterisp. nov. male 06-SRNP-9500 DHJPAR0012673 AHabitus B, EMesosoma BLaterodorsal view ELateral view CMetanotum, propodeum, laterodorsal view DT1-2, dorsolateral view F, JMetasoma FLateral view JLaterodorsal view G, HWings GFore HHind IGenitalia: parameres, lateral view.  Coloration ( Fig. 50A). General body coloration brown-black except scape, pedicel, labrum, mandibles, a narrow ventral strip of propleuron, distal-lateral of mesopleuron and epicemial ridge with brown-yellow tints; glossa, maxillary and labial palps, and tegulae yellow. Eyes and ocelli silver. Fore and middle legs yellow (coloration intensity increasing towards the apex); hind legs yellow except coxae with proximal half dark brown, apex of tibiae and basitarsus yellow-brown, remaining tarsomeres brown. Petiole on T1 brown-black and sublateral areas light yellow; median area on T2 with yellow-brown, contours darkened, adjacent area and lateral ends yellow; T3 completely dark yellow; T4 and beyond dark brown; distally each tergum with a narrow whitish/yellow-brown transparent band. In lateral view, T1-3 completely yellow; T4 and beyond brown. S1-3 yellow; S4 yellow, medially with a small brown spot; penultimate sternum and hypopygium completely brown.  Description.  Head( Fig. 50A). Head triangular with pubescence long and dense. Proximal three antennal flagellomeres longer than wide (0.32:0.10, 0.30:0.10, 0.30:0.10), distal antennal flagellomere subequal in length with penultimate (0.18:0.10, 0.17:0.10), antenna longer than body (4.03, 3.53); antennal scrobes-frons shallow. Face convex with scattered finely punctate, interspaces wavy and longitudinal median carina present. Frons smooth. Temple wide with punctate sculpture and interspaces wavy. Inner margin of eyes diverging slightly at antennal sockets; in lateral view, eye anteriorly convex and posteriorly straight. POL shorter than OOL (0.10, 0.13). Malar suture present. Median area between lateral ocelli without depression. Vertex laterally rounded and dorsally wide.  Mesosoma( Fig. 50 A-C, E). Mesosoma dorsoventrally convex. Distal 1/3 of mesoscutum with lateral margin slightly dented, punctation distinct proximally ranging to satiny distally, interspaces wavy/lacunose. Scutellum triangular, apex sloped and fused with BS, scutellar punctation distinct throughout, in profile scutellum convex and slightly higher than mesoscutum, phragma of the scutellum partially exposed; BSonly very partially overlapping the MPM; ATSdemilune with short stubs delineating the area; dorsal ATSgroove with semicircular/parallel carinae. Transscutal articulation with small and heterogeneous foveae, area just behind transscutal articulation smooth, shiny and nearly at the same level as mesoscutum (flat). Metanotum with BMwider than PFM(clearly differentiated); MPMcircular without median longitudinal carina; AFMwithout setiferous lobes and not as well delineated as PFM; PFMthick and smooth; ATM proximally with semircular/undulate carina and distally smooth. Propodeum without median longitudinal carina, proximal half weakly curved with medium-sized sculpture and distal half rugose with a shallow dent at each side of nucha; distal edge of propodeum with a flange at each side and without stubs; propodeal spiracle distally framed by a short concave carina; nucha surrounded by very short radiating carinae. Pronotum with a distinct dorsal furrow, dorsally with a well-defined smooth band; central area of pronotum and dorsal furrow smooth, but ventral furrow with short parallel carinae. Propleuron with fine rugae and dorsally without a carina. Metasternum flat or nearly so. Contour of mesopleuron straight/angulate or nearly so; precoxal groove with faintly transverse lineate sculpture and shallow, but visible; epicnemial ridge convex, teardrop-shaped.  Legs( Fig. 50A). Ventral margin of fore telotarsus entire without seta, fore telotarsus almost same width throughout and longer than fourth tarsomere (0.14, 0.09). Hind coxa with punctation only on ventral surface and dorsal outer depression present. Inner spur of hind tibia longer than outer spur (0.41, 0.25), entire surface of hind tibia with dense strong spines clearly differentiated by color and length. Hind telotarsus as equal in length as fourth tarsomere (0.15, 0.16).  Wings( Fig. 50I, J). Fore wing with r vein curved; 2RS vein slightly convex to convex; r and 2RS veins forming an angle at their junction and outer side of junction not forming a stub; 2M vein slightly curved/swollen; distally fore wing [where spectral veins are] with microtrichiae more densely concentrated than the rest of the wing; anal cell 1/3 proximally lacking microtrichiae; subbasal cell with a small smooth area; veins 2CUa and 2CUb completely spectral; vein 2 cu-a absent; vein 2-1A proximally tubular and distally spectral, although sometimes difficult to see; tubular vein 1 cu-a curved, incomplete/broken and not reaching the edge of 1-1A vein. Hind wing with vannal lobe narrow, subdistally and subproximally straightened, and setae present only proximally.  Metasoma( Fig. 50A, D, F-H). Metasoma laterally compressed. Petiole on T1 finely sculptured only distally, virtually parallel-sided over most of length, but narrowing over distal 1/3, apex truncate (length 0.46, maximum width 0.20, minimum width 0.10), petiole with scattered pubescence concentrated in the first distal third. Lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 distally losing definition (length median area 0.15, length T2 0.20 mm), edges of median area polished and lateral grooves deep, median area longer than broad (length 0.15, maximum width 0.12, minimum width 0.06), T2 with scattered pubescence throughout. T3 longer than T2 (0.25, 0.20) and with scattered pubescence only distally. Pubescence on hypopygium dense.  Cocoons( Fig. 4N). Beige, gray or brown oval cocoons with silk fibers ordered, but covered by a net. Cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate or formed in host cocoon or adhered to the larval cuticle.  Comments. The distal half of the propodeum, at each side of the nucha, with strong wavy carinae. The propodeal spiracle framed with a strong distal concave carina. Dorsally, the propleuron without a carina, but the limit among smooth area with rugae area is distinctive. Female with the ovipositor sheath protruding beyond the hypopygium.  Male ( Fig. 51 A-J). In some males (e.g., 06-SRNP-4410, 05-SRNP-7307) the coloration on T1-3 is darker than females.  Etymology. Charles C. Porter is an ichneumonidologist at Florida StateCollection of Arthropods, FloridaDepartment of Agriculture and Consumer Services Gainesville, FL, USA.  Distribution. The parasitized caterpillars were collected in Costa Rica, ACG, Sector RinconRain Forest (Sendero Anonas) and Sector San Cristobal(Potrero Argentina, RioBlanco Abajo, Sendero Corredor, Sendero Palo Alto, Sendero Tepiscuintle, and Vado RioCucaracho), during February 2002, December 2003, May and November 2005, June and November 2006, March 2007, and January 2009at 405 m, 500 m, 520 m, 570 m, 620 m,and 640 mon pasture and rain forest. Adult parasitoids were collected in Costa Rica, ACG, Sector RinconRain Forest (Vado Rio Francia) and Sector San Cristobal(Bosque Trampa Malaise and RioBlanco Abajo), during September-December 2007 and January 2008at 400 m, 500 m, and 815 min rain forest.  Biology. The lifestyle of this parasitoid species is gregarious.  Host. Shag-carpet moth  Tarchon felderiDruce ( Apatelodidae) ( Fig. 4N) feeding on  Acalypha diversifolia( Euphorbiaceae),  Chamaedorea tepejilote( Arecaceae),  Heliconia irrasa( Heliconiaceae),  Lycianthes pauciflora( Solanaceae),  Pavonia schiedeana( Malvaceae) and  Psychotria berteriana( Rubiaceae).  Apatelodessp. Packard ( Apatelodidae) feeding on  Philodendron rhodoaxis( Araceae). Caterpillars were collected in third and fourth instar. 2456369168 2006-12-12 CNC 1 2456369098 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 2019-01-01 CNC 24 19 4 paratype 2456369097 2002-02-05 Costa Rica Area de Conservacion 500 10.90037 Rio Blanco Abajo 1 -85.37254 Sector San Cristobal 61 49 12 Guanacaste 2456368919 2002-02-23 Costa Rica Carolina Cano 1 2456368950 2005-11-23 Costa Rica Carolina Cano 32 24 8 2456369054 2006-01-05 Costa Rica Gloria Sihezar 1 2456368886 2003-12-22 Saint Kitts and Nevis 620 10.87868 Sendero Corredor 1 -85.38963 44 40 4 2456369119 2003-01-10 San Cristobal Elda Araya 1 2456369169 2005-05-09 Saint Kitts and Nevis 570 10.88186 Sendero Palo Alto 1 -85.38221 39 33 6 2456369237 2005-06-03 San Cristobal Carolina Cano 1 2456368939 2006-06-06 Saint Kitts and Nevis 640 10.8702 Vado Rio Cucaracho 5 -85.39153 Rio Cucaracho 42 35 7 2456368971 2006-06-27 San Cristobal Yessenia Mendoza 1 2456369190 2007-03-14 Saint Kitts and Nevis Sendero Tepiscuintle 32 27 5 2456369187 2007-04-12 San Cristobal Carolina Cano 1 2456369064 2009-01-20 2009-02-20 2009-01-20 405 10.90528 Sendero Anonas 1 -85.27882 Sector Rincon Rain Forest 61 59 1 Guanacaste, Alajuela 2456369037 2007-12-13 de Conservacion Costa Rica Area de Conservacion 500 10.90037 Rio Blanco Abajo 1 -85.37254 Sector San Cristobal 4 1 Guanacaste 2456368813 2007-09-02 DH Janzen & W Hallwachs. Costa Rica Area de Conservacion 500 10.90037 Rio Blanco Abajo 1 -85.37254 Sector San Cristobal 4 1 Guanacaste 2456369065 2007-11-01 DH Janzen & W Hallwachs Saint Kitts and Nevis 815 10.8628 Bosque Trampa Malaise 1 -85.3846 4 1 2456369226 2007-10-09 France 400 10.90093 Francia 1 -85.28915 4 1 2456369154 2007-12-20 DH Janzen & W Hallwachs. Francia 400 10.90093 Francia 1 -85.28915 4 1 2456368799 2008-01-01 DH Janzen & W Hallwachs. Francia 400 10.90093 Francia 1 -85.28915 4 1