Campylandra wattii C.B. Clarke (1890: 78) Tupistra wattii Hooker (1892: 325) Rediscovery and lectotypification of Rohdea wattii (C. B. Clarke) Yamashita & M. N. Tamura (Asparagaceae) from Manipur, India Dhatchanamoorthy, Narayanasamy Devanathan, Krishnamoorthy Lokho, Kreni Begum, Syeda Noorunnisa Balachandran, Natesan Phytotaxa 2024 2024-03-18 641 2 177 182 78X8V (C. B. Clarke 1890: 78) Yamashita & M. N. Tamura (2004: 369) Yamashita & M. N. Tamura 369 2004 C. B. Clarke 78 1890 [136,887,951,974] Liliopsida Asparagaceae Rohdea Plantae Asparagales 1 178 Tracheophyta species wattii   ≡  Campylandra wattiiC.B. Clarke (1890: 78) ≡  Tupistra wattii Hooker (1892: 325), Fig.2.   Type:—  INDIA. Manipur, Kupra,  6000 ft,  February 1882,  G.Watt5885, CAL ( Lectotypedesignated here: CAL0000253817!) Fig. 1; isolectotype: K (K000846034 digital image!), BM (BM000617038 digital image!);  paralectotype: Ching Sow (presently Chingloubung),  April 1882,  7000 ft,  G. Watt6544 (K [K000846032 digital image], CAL [CAL0000253814!, CAL0000253816!]);  Kala Naga Hills,  May 1882,  5000 ft,  G. Watt6437 (K [K000846033 digital image!], CAL [CAL0000253815!]).   Description:—Rhizomatous herbs, up to 50 cmhigh. Aerial stem up to 25 cmlong, subcylindric or subterete, glabrous; inter nodes 1–4.3 cmlong. Leaves 4–9; young leaves covered with sheaths; sheaths cylindric, linear-lanceolate, 3.8–5 × 1–1.5 cm, hyaline at margins, acuminate at apex many-veined, chartaceous; leaf blade elliptic-ovate to ellipticlanceolate, 10–19 × 3.5–6.7 cm, cuneate at base, entire at margins, acuminate at apex, chartaceous, glabrous; primary veins c.7 pairs; petiole flat to sub-canaliculate, 4–8 cmlong, shortly-hyaline along margins, sheathing or auriculate at base and clasping to the stem, folded when dry, glabrous. Inflorescence a spike, terminal, ellipsoid, c.3 × 1.5 cm, densely-flowered, terminating with many sterile bracts; peduncle c. 3 cmlong. Flowers depressed globose in bud, 6–9 mmacross, greenish-yellow. Fertile bracts 2, subulate to linear-lanceolate, 10–14 × 2–4 mm, hyaline and obscurely-denticulate at margins, acute to shortly-acuminate at apex, glabrous. Perianth syntepalous, campanulate, 6–9 mmacross, greenish-yellow; perianth tube 3–5 mmlong; perianth lobes 6, broadly ovate to suborbicular, 3–4.2 × 3.2–4.2 mm, hyaline and obscurely-denticulate at margins, acute to shortly-acuminate at apex, glabrous, imbricate in bud. Stamens 6; filaments 2–2.5 mmlong, recurved; anther broadly oval-oblong, 0.8–1.2 mmlong, greenish-yellow. Ovary depressed globose, c.2.2 × 2.2 mm, glabrous; style columnar, c. 0.2 mmlong; stigma 3-fid. Berries globose, c.10 × 10 mm, glabrous, scarlet-red when ripe.   Phenology:—Flowering and fruiting were observed from February onwards.  Habitat:—  R. wattiithrives well as an understory plant in the dense moist deciduous forests at the elevation of about 2380 masl.  Brassaiopsis aculeata(Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Seem.,  Dendrocalamussp.,  Maesa indica(Roxb.) A. DC.,  Mahonia imbricataT.S.Ying & Boufford,  Michelia doltsopaBuch.-Ham. ex DC.,  Mycetiasp.,  Quercus lamellosaSm.and  Senecio scandensBuch.-Ham. ex D. Don. are growing associated with this species.   Global distribution:— Bhutan( Tanaka 2010), China, India, and Vietnam.   Other specimens examined:—  INDIA.  Manipur: Senapati district, Khungho hills,  2380 m,  17.02.2017,  N. Dhatchanamoorthy120389 ( FRLH);   Nagaland: Naga Hills,  May 1886,  D. Prains.n.( CAL[ CAL180762!]).  CHINA.  Guangxi(also known as Kwangsi ): Beijing Exped. 891016 ( PE02018169digital image!);  Soh Hch Tsuen Lin YuinHsien, Lao Shan forest,  1900m,  06.04.1933,  Steward& Cheo135 NY (03959954 digital image!).   Guizhou: Kaili,  7 May 1959,  Qiannan Exped.1363 ( PE01318222digital image!);  Nayong,  22 April 1974, Bijie Exped. 656 ( PE01318218digital image!);  Rongjiang,  22 April 1959,  Qiannan Exped.02981 ( PE01318219digital image!).   Yunan: Funing,  18 April 1940, C.W. Wang88691 ( PE00593284digital image!);  Jingping,  17 May 1956,  Sino-Soviet Exped.1590( PE00035416digital image!);  Malopo,  21 February 1940, C.W. Wang87053 ( PE00593272digital image!);  Nanjian,  22 March 2012, E.D. Liu et al. 3507 ( PE01920734digital image!);  Pingbian,  10 October 1965, K.M. Feng4817 ( PE00593289 digital image!);  Simao,  26 March 1957,  Sino-Soviet Exped.9116 ( PE02088736digital image!);  Xichou,  3 September 1965, Y.Q. Mo2393 ( PE00593282digital image!);  Zhenkang,  March 1936, C.W. Wang72455 ( PE00593280digital image!);  South of Red River, 1901,  A. Hendry10871A NY (03959953 digital image!);  Long Ki, 1894,  Delavay5139 P ( P02157089, P02157093digital image!); s.l.,  Delavay5109 P ( P02157091digital image!);  Montagura Long Ki,  April 1894,  Delavay5109 P ( P02157090digital image!).   Kouy Tcheou: Blanda, P.O Oma,  1200m,  12 May 1916,  Esquirol5132 P ( P02157092, P02157094digital image!).  VIETNAM.  Lao Cai Province: Road to Phong Tho from Sapa, in Bob's Valley, 22° 20' 58'' N, Longitude: 103° 46' 15'' E,  1950 m,  29 Mar. 1997,  Rushforthet al. 4432E ( E00110005image not available);  Sa Pa district, Hoang Lien National Park, Tram Ton area, In the forest, N 22° 20' 45'' E 103° 46' 50'',  2000m,  24.11.2009,  Nuraliev M.S.145 MW ( MW0735011digital image!);  Bank of Golden Stream, N 22° 20' 15'', E 103° 46' 45'',  2020m,  21.11.2009,  Nuraliv M.S.146 ( MW0735010digital image!);  Bank of Golden Stream, N 22° 20' 15'', E 103° 46' 45'',  2020m,  21.11.2009,  Nuraliv M.S.147 ( MW0735009digital image!).   Cao Bang Province: Bao Lac district, Dinh Phung Nam Linhmunicipality, N 22° 47' E 105° 49',  1550–1600m,  15 April 1999,  P.K. Loc, P.H. Hoang& L. Averyanov1385 P ( P00991528digital image!).   Habitat and conservation status:—During our field expeditions, we observed that severe soil erosion followed by landslides changing the topography of the original habitats and is the main threat to the populations of  R. wattii. We also noticed the continuous decline in the population size in terms of mature individual numbers in the past six years. Recent visit in 2021, we accounted for a total of only about 35 to 40 mature individuals in three adjacent locations and it was about 100 mature individuals in previous account. Based on the field observations and IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria Ver. 15.1 ( IUCN 2022) for the regional and local assessment,  R. wattiifalls under the criteria Critically Endangered A2(a+c), B2(biii+v, civ), C2(ai).   Lectotypification:—C.B. Clarke published the name  Campylandra wattiiC.B. Clarke (1890: 78)based on Watt’s collections from Northern Manipur(as North Muneypore) at the elevation of 6500 feetand other collections from Manipur(as Muneypore) during 1882 along with a line diagram (C.B. Clarke 1890: t. 32) and without designating proper type. Yamashita & Tamura (2004)transferred this species under  Rohdeabased on the molecular and karyotype evidences as  R. wattiiwithout mentioning type details. The recent revision on the genus  Rohdeaby Tanaka (2010)also collectively designated all the Watt’s collections during 1882 from Manipuras syntype. Hence, there is an aperture to designate lectotypefollowing Articles 9.3 and 9.12 of ICN ( Turland et al.2018). An extensive search in various herbaria (CAL, P, E, K & BM) resulted in a total of seven sheets belonging to three various collection numbers and places by George Watt in the year 1882 from Manipurat elevations ranging from 5000 to 7000 ft.Among them, the sheet in CAL with the barcode number CAL180761 is designated here as a lectotype, since it is nearly matching with the line diagram by C.B. Clarke (1890: t. 32) as well as in good condition. Other specimens at BM (BM000617038) and K (K000846034) are isolectotypesand also specimens at CAL (CAL180759, CAL180760) and K (K000846032, K000846033) are designated here as paralectotypes. 4927525326 1882-02 G. Watt India 1829 Kupra 1 178 1 Manipur lectotype 4927525309 1882-04 G. Watt India 2134 Chingloubung Ching Sow 1 178 1 paralectotype 4927525323 [189,1260,1132,1154] 1882-05 G. Watt India 1524 Kala Naga Hills 1 178 1 paralectotype 4927525301 2017-02-17 FRLH N. Dhatchanamoorthy India 2380 Khungho hills Senapati district 2 179 1 Manipur 4927525313 [555,1342,1346,1373] 1886-05 CAL D. Prain India Naga Hills 2 179 CAL180762 1 Nagaland 4927525305 PE Exped. China Guangxi 2 179 PE02018169 1 Guangxi 4927525314 1933-06-04 Steward & Cheo China 1900 Lao Shan forest Soh Hch Tsuen Lin Yuin 2 179 1 Guangxi 4927525318 1959-05-07 PE Qiannan Exped. China Kaili 2 179 PE01318222 1 Guizhou 4927525306 1974-04-22 PE Bijie Exped. China Nayong 2 179 PE01318218 1 Guizhou 4927525327 [473,1359,1487,1514] 1959-04-22 1959-04-22 1940-04-18 PE Qiannan Exped. China Rongjiang Rongjiang 2 179 PE01318219 1 Guizhou 4927525325 1940-04-18 1959-04-22 1940-04-18 PE C. W. Wang China Funing Rongjiang 2 179 PE00593284 1 Yunan 4927525320 1956-05-17 PE Sino-Soviet Exped. China Jingping 2 179 PE00035416 1 Guizhou 4927525328 [556,1446,1557,1584] 1940-02-21 PE C. W. Wang China Malopo 2 179 PE00593272 1 Guizhou 4927525324 [136,995,1592,1619] 2012-03-22 PE E. D. Liu China Nanjian 2 179 PE01920734 1 Guizhou 4927525304 1965-10-10 K. M. Feng China Pingbian 2 179 1 Guizhou 4927525321 [548,1446,1627,1654] 1957-03-26 PE Sino-Soviet Exped. China Simao 2 179 PE02088736 1 Guizhou 4927525302 [136,953,1663,1690] 1965-09-03 PE Y. Q. Mo China Xichou 2 179 PE00593282 1 Guizhou 4927525308 1936-03 PE C. W. Wang China Zhenkang 2 179 PE00593280 1 Guizhou 4927525307 [486,1377,1698,1725] A. Hendry China South of Red River 2 179 1 Guizhou 4927525310 P Delavay China Long Ki Long Ki 2 179 P02157089, P02157093 1 Guizhou 4927525303 [901,1446,1733,1760] P Delavay China Delavay 2 179 P02157091 1 Guizhou 4927525311 [136,1053,1768,1795] 1894-04 1916-05-12 1894-04 P Delavay China 1200 Long Ki Montagur 2 179 P02157090 1 Guizhou 4927525312 1916-05-12 1916-05-12 1894-04 P Esquirol China 1200 Blanda Montagur 2 179 P02157092, P02157094 1 Kouy Tcheou 4927525319 1997-03-29 E Rushforth Vietnam Road 1950 22.349445 Road to Phong Tho from Sapa, in Bob's Valley 21 103.770836 Phong Tho 2 179 E00110005 1 Lao Cai Province 4927525316 2009-11-24 MW Nuraliev M. S. Vietnam Sa Pa district 2000 22.345835 Hoang Lien National Park 21 103.780556 Hoang Lien National Park 2 179 MW0735011 1 Lao Cai 4927525315 2009-11-21 Nuraliv M. S. Vietnam 2020 22.337502 Bank of Golden Stream 21 103.77917 2 179 1 Lao Cai 4927525317 2009-11-21 MW Nuraliv M. S. Vietnam 2020 22.337502 Bank of Golden Stream 21 103.77917 2 179 MW0735009 1 Lao Cai 4927525322 1999-04-15 P P. K. Loc & P. H. Hoang & L. Averyanov Vietnam 1575 22.783333 Dinh Phung Nam Linh 1258 105.816666 Bao Lac district 2 179 P00991528 1 Cao Bang Province