Xylocopa wilmattae Cockerell, 1912: 555 Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A. Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A. Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo Pozo, Carmen Vandame, Rémy Zootaxa 2022 2022-06-27 5158 1 1 67 7FYMF Cockerell, 1912 Cockerell 1912 [151,773,1626,1653] Insecta Apidae Xylocopa Animalia Hymenoptera 54 55 Arthropoda species wilmattae Neoxylocopa  ( Figs. 94–101, 129–131, 140)      Xylocopa wilmattae  Cockerell, 1912: 555. Holotype: American Museun of Natural History, New York, USA ( ♀). Type locality: Guatemala, Guatemala City.   Diagnosis. Body length, female, 27.02 mm(25.06–28.72; n=5); male, 25.00 mm (23.90–26.32; n=5). Female: Head without elevated ridges or prominences on frons; ocelli below tangent of the eyes; area between parapsidal line and mesoscutal disca area with sparse punctures (separated by two or more times their diameter); wings dark brown with dark blue iridescence from base to middle part, papillate region bright green with blue iridescence ( Fig. 96); pubescence evenly black; integument of terga evenly black; T1 to T5 with sparsely punctures on disc (punctures separated by three or four puncture diameters); T1 and T2 with punctures slightly smaller than on the other terga; length of hairs on terga respect MOD, T2 0.25–0.50, T3 0.38–0.84, T4 0.64–1.17, T5 1.09–1.69. Male: Apical margin of T1 to T5 with integumental black bands; metasoma with yellowish-orange pubescence; hind tibia internal distal extreme with a laminar subapical projection, curved distally and continuing on posterior margin like a strong laminar edge, well-defined throughout the posterior margin of the tibia ( Fig. 101); length of hairs on terga respect MOD, T2 0.43–1.51, T3 0.64–1.12, T4 0.75–1.31, T5 1.08–1.73; Tip of the lateral process of gonostylus ending on an oval shape as broad as shaft of the process.   Description. Female: Integument and pubescence black; wings with dark blue iridescence from the base to the middle part; papillate region with green and bright blue iridescence ( Fig. 96); venation dark. Body length 27.02 mm(25.06–28.72; n=5); length of forewing 23.36 mm(22.69–24.29; n=5); head length 6.40 mm(6.20–6.60; n=5); intertegular distance 8.24 mm(7.75–8.65; n=5); width of T2 12.43 mm(11.97–12.81; n=5). Head: Clypeus: inferior margin without punctures, with two depressions, with a narrow middle longitudinal line, slightly wider on the disc; superior lateral area with dense punctures; inferolateral areas with more scattered punctures. Genal area, densely punctate on lower area; middle and superior area with punctures separated by two to four times their diameter. Vertex dense punctate; pits on area sublateral to the posterior ocelli of half the diameter of the ocelli.  Mesosoma: Betweenthe parapsidal line and discal area with sparse punctures, separated by two or more times their diameter. Hind tibia, basitibial plate with two asymetrical dentiform projections ( Fig. 97), with a small notch between them, the anterior projection slightly sharper and narrower than the posterior projection, scutellum convex in profile. Metasoma: Terga densely punctate; T1 to T5 with dense punctures on discal area, separated by three or four times their diameter; T1 and T2 with punctures slightly smaller than on the other terga; T6 with dense appressed punctures. Length of hairs on terga respect MOD as follows: T2 0.25–0.50, T3 0.38–0.84, T4 0.64–1.17, T5 1.09–1.69. Male: Integument and pubescence of head and mesosoma yellowish or orange. Body length 25.00 mm (23.90–26.32; n=5); length of forewing 20.82 mm(19.44–22.16; n=5); head length 4.85 mm(4.49–5.07; n=5); intertegular distance 7.97 mm(7.50–8.29; n=5); width of T2 12.43 mm(11.97–12.81; n=5). Head: Labrum with submarginal anterior margin unpunctate; upper margin densely punctate. Clypeus with a dark brown middle longitudinal line, becoming broader on discal area ( Fig. 98), and a broad line without punctures toward the upper area; discal area with scattered punctures; lateral and inferolateral extremes with dense punctures, separated by approximately three times their diameter. Lateral ocelli located on the level of upper margin of eyes; pits on sublateral region of posterior ocelli, half the diameter of the ocelli. Vertex with an unpuctate area on the middle region, rest of vertex with densely punctate.  Mesosoma: Betweenthe parapsidal line and mesoscutum with dense punctures, separated by 1 time or less their diameter. Wings light brown or orange; venation reddish brown. Posterior tibia with strong external tibial spur; internal distal extreme with a laminar subapical projection, with curved distal extreme that continues by the posterior margin like a strong laminar (carinated) edge, well-defined throughout the posterior margin of the tibia; internal surface with long pubescence toward the base; anterior margin with long hairs, very dense and short toward the apical region; internal posterior margin with principally short pubescence ( Fig. 101). Metasoma: Terga with dense uniform punctures; discal area, punctures separated by one and a half to two times their diameter; apical margin of T1 to T5 with black bands. T1 with dense, long, plumose hairs, T2 to T5 mainly with simple hairs, some plumose hairs on submarginal areas, T6 and T7 with dense, long, simple and plumose hairs. Length of hairs on terga respect MOD as follows: T2 0.43–1.51, T3 0.64–1.12, T4 0.75–1.31, T5 1.08–1.73. Genitalia: Distal angle of the ventral section of the gonostylus, obtuse ( Fig. 131); basal angle at the base of lateral process of the gonostylus, obtuse, barely noticeable ( Fig. 130); tip of the lateral process ending on an oval as broad as shaft of the process ( Fig. 130).   FIGURES 98–101.Male of  X.( N.) wilmattae. 98. Frontal view; 99. Lateral habitus; 100. Dorsal habitus; 101. Hind tibia.  Variation. Some females may present wings more bluish, or bluish with the papillate region with greenish iridescence.   Distribution( Fig. 140). Present in Honduras, Guatemala, and Mexico, in the following ecoregions ( Dinerstein et al. 2017): Pine-oak forests of the Central America, Dry forests of the Central Depression of Chiapas, and Humid forests of the Sierra Madre of Chiapas. Broad altitudinal distribution: 315 to 2512 masl.   Material examined.  34 ♀ 9 ♂.  GUATEMALA: Escuintla: San Vicente Pacaya: Palin, sendero principal Volcán de Pacaya, 14.4121, -90.6054;  1917 m,  28-XI-2012,  1 ♀( CANG).  Villa Nueva: San José Villanueva, 14.5455, -90.60335;  1472 m,  1-IX-2012, M. Vásquez  1 ♂( CANG).  Chimaltenango: Patzun: Cerro Balam Juyu, 14.50885, -91.006116;  2551 m,  5-VII-2012, G. Armas,  1 ♀( CANG).  Chiquimula: Esquipulas: El Refugio, 14.51179, - 89.37375;  1601 m,  2-VII-2003, E. Enriquez,  1 ♀( CANG).  Huehuetenango: Jacaltenango: Hotel Jacal, 15.6683, -91.7078;  1425 m,  18-II-2010, J. Mérida,  1 ♀.  Sololá: Panajachel: 14.73604, -91.14947;  1587 m,  2-XI-1970, J. Johnson,  2 ♀ 4 ♂( BBSL).  HONDURAS: Francisco Morazán: Escuela Agrícola, 14.0078, -87.0096,  800 m, -  VII- 1966, J. S. Packer,  1 ♂( BBSL).  MEXICO: Chiapas, Acacoyagua: 15.45579, -92.63989;  1113 m,  15.XII-2014, J. López,  1 ♀( ECOAB); Rosario Zacatonales, 15.43365, -92.65051;  915 m,  28-V-2005,  R. Ayala, 1 ♀; 29-V-2005, M. Guzmán, 2 ♀; 15-VI-2007, M. Guzmán,  2 ♀( ECOAB).  Bella Vista: Carreteraa Bella Vista, 15.6071, -92.21429;  1827 m,  18-II-2012, J. Mérida,  1 ♀( ECOAB).  Mapastepec: La Palma, 15.53032, -92.80199;  498 m,  31-V-2005, M. Guzmán, 1 ♀; 6-VII-2014, M. Duennes,  1 ♀( ECOAB). Reserva— Zona Núcleo, 15.65680, -92.80894;  1984 m,  13-V-2005, C. Balboa,  1 ♀( ECOAB). Unión Los Olivos-orilladel río, 15.5219, -92.79967;  315 m,  26-V-2005, M. Guzmán,  1 ♀( ECOAB).  Motozintla: Carreteraa El Porvenir, 15.37550, -92.3379;  2179 m,  13-XII-2011, J. Mérida,  1 ♀; E. Pineda,  1 ♀( ECOAB). Carretera Motozintla-Niquivil, 15.33701, -92.22378;  2230 m,  18-II-2014, P. Sagot,  3 ♀( ECOAB). Llano Grande, Carreteraa Motozintla, 15.394532, -92.33005;  2512 m,  1-III-2016, P. Sagot,  1 ♀( ECOAB).  Siltepec: Carreteraa Cumbre Ventanas, 15.52009, -92.29890;  1896 m,  14-XII-2011, J. Mérida,  1 ♀( ECOAB).  Tapachula: Camino Pavencul, 15.2028, -92.1974;  1852 m,  17-XII-2009, J. Mérida,  1 ♂( ECOAB).  Tonalá: Ejido Sierra Morena, 16.15319, -93.60569;  1282 m,  4-XII-2011, J. Mérida,  1 ♀( ECOAB).  Unión Juárez: Chiquihuites, 15.09296, -92.09861;  1984 m,  17-II-2014, P. Sagot,  2 ♀( ECOAB). Talquián, 15.0847, -92.0836;  18- XI-1986, L. Godínez, 1 ♀; 1-IV-1992, M. Medina,  1 ♀( ECOAB). Unión Juárez, 15.0618, -92.08;  1310 m,  25-XI- 1986, 2 ♂; 18-II-1987, F. Pérez, 3 ♀; 10-IV-1987, F. Pérez, 1 ♀; 5-IX-1989, A. Aquino, 1 ♂; 21-XI-1990, F. Pérez, 1 ♀; 27-XI-1990, J. Sibaja,  1 ♀( ECOAB).  Commentaries. The typespecimen described by Cockerell as  X. wilmattae( AMNH_IZC 00323995) was reviewed but lacked antennae and the final tarsi and claws of the middle and posterior legs.  Xylocopa wilmattaeis the largest species with convex scutellum, and thus may be confused with species of the  frontalisgroup, but may easily be distinguished by the absence of frontal projections. Males in this species do not present a prominent curved subapical projection on the internal distal extreme of the posterior tibia, and it is the only species with thick external tibial spurs on the middle and posterior tibias. 3861803362 [359,574,1731,1755] Guatemala American Museun of Natural History 54 55 1 1 Guatemala holotype 3861804010 2012-11-28 San Vicente Pacaya & Palin Guatemala 1917 14.4121 Volcan de Pacaya 7 -90.6054 57 58 43 34 9 Escuintla 3861804164 2012-09-01 CANG Villa Nueva & San Jose Villanueva Guatemala 1472 14.5455 5 -90.60335 57 58 1 1 Escuintla 3861803552 2012-07-05 CANG Patzun Guatemala 2551 14.50885 Cerro Balam Juyu 1 -91.00612 57 58 1 1 Chimaltenango 3861803584 2003-07-02 CANG Esquipulas & El Refugio Guatemala 1601 14.51179 Chiquimula 1 -89.37375 57 58 1 1 Chiquimula 3861804194 2010-02-18 CANG Jacaltenango Guatemala 1425 15.6683 Hotel Jacal 7 -91.7078 57 58 1 1 Huehuetenango 3861804397 [630,1405,329,357] 1970-11-02 Panajachel Guatemala 1587 14.73604 Solola 1 -91.14947 57 58 1 1 Solola 3861804565 1966-07 BBSL Honduras 800 14.0078 Escuela Agricola 7 -87.0096 57 58 6 2 4 Francisco Morazan 3861803508 [364,1407,402,429] 2014-12-15 BBSL Mexico 1113 15.45579 Acacoyagua 1 -92.63989 57 58 1 1 Chiapas 3861804329 [234,1099,438,465] 2005-05-28 ECOAB Rosario Zacatonales Mexico 915 15.43365 1 -92.65051 57 58 1 1 Chiapas 3861804523 [1109,1206,438,465] R Mexico Ayala 57 58 1 Chiapas 3861804286 2012-02-18 ECOAB Bella Vista & Carretera Mexico 1827 15.6071 Bella Vista 5 -92.21429 57 58 2 2 Chiapas 3861803898 [510,1432,510,537] 2005-05-31 ECOAB Mapastepec & La Palma Mexico 498 15.53032 1 -92.80199 57 58 1 1 Chiapas 3861804593 2005-05-13 ECOAB Reserva & Zona Nucleo Mexico 1984 15.6568 1 -92.80894 57 58 1 1 Chiapas 3861803492 [448,1432,582,609] 2005-05-26 ECOAB Union Los Olivos-orilla Mexico 315 15.5219 5 -92.79967 57 58 1 1 Chiapas 3861803460 [304,1404,618,645] 2011-12-13 ECOAB Motozintla & Carretera & El Porvenir Mexico 2179 15.3755 5 -92.3379 57 58 1 1 Chiapas 3861804492 [247,416,654,681] Mexico Pineda 57 58 1 1 Chiapas 3861803499 [428,1432,654,681] 2014-02-18 ECOAB Carretera Motozintla-Niquivil Mexico 2230 15.33701 1 -92.22378 57 58 1 1 Chiapas 3861803343 [253,1330,690,717] 2016-03-01 ECOAB Llano Grande & Carretera Mexico 2512 15.394532 Motozintla 1 -92.33005 57 58 3 3 Chiapas 3861803638 [151,1287,726,753] 2011-12-14 ECOAB Siltepec & Carretera Mexico 1896 15.52009 Cumbre Ventanas 1 -92.2989 57 58 1 1 Chiapas 3861803445 2009-12-17 ECOAB Tapachula & Camino Pavencul Mexico 1852 15.2028 7 -92.1974 57 58 1 1 Chiapas 3861803728 2011-12-04 ECOAB Tonala & Ejido Sierra Morena Mexico 1282 16.15319 1 -93.60569 57 58 1 1 Chiapas 3861803677 2014-02-17 ECOAB Union Juarez & Chiquihuites Mexico 1984 15.09296 1 -92.09861 57 58 1 1 Chiapas 3861804269 1986-11-18 ECOAB Talquian Mexico 15.0847 7 -92.0836 57 58 2 2 Chiapas 3861803377 1986-11-25 ECOAB Union Juarez Mexico 1310 57 58 1 1 Chiapas 3861803471 [463,629,942,969] ECOAB Mexico 57 58 1 1 Chiapas