Parastacus pilimanus (von Martens, 1869 )

Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra & Araujo, Paula Beatriz, 2024, Taxonomic review of the genus Parastacus Huxley, 1879 (Decapoda: Astacidea: Parastacidae) with description of five new species, Zootaxa 5455 (1), pp. 1-84 : 15-16

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https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1

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scientific name

Parastacus pilimanus (von Martens, 1869 )
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Parastacus pilimanus (von Martens, 1869) View in CoL

( Fig. 6–8 View FIGURE 6 View FIGURE 7 View FIGURE 8 )

Astacus pilimanus von Martens, 1869: 15 , pl. 2, fig. 1.

Parastacus pilimanus View in CoL .—­ Huxley 1879:771 [by implication].—­ Faxon 1898: 683, 684.—­ Moreira 1901: 16, 80.—­ Ortmann 1902: 292.—­ Faxon 1914: 405.—­ Riek 1971:133.—­ Buckup and Rossi 1980:665, figs. 2-4, 8, 21.—­ Hobbs 1989: 80, fig. 366; 1991: 801, fig. 3e.—­ Buckup & Bond-Buckup, 1994: 19.—­ Collins et al. 2008: 254, fig. 1c.—­ Crandall & De Grave 2017: 641.—­ Rogers et al. 2020: 879 (key), fig. 23.66A.—­ Huber et al. 2022: 276 (key).—­ De los Ríos-Escalante et al. 2022: 1130 (appendix), fig. 1m —­ Huber et al. 2024: 14 (key).

Type material re-examined. Lectotype (designated by Bond-Buckup & Buckup 1994). One snd, Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre (30°2’S; 51°12’W), coll. Hensel ( MNB 3323 ) GoogleMaps . Paralectotypes. Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul —­ one snd, same data as lectotype ( MNB 3323 ) GoogleMaps ;

Material examined. Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul —­ one male, Rio Grande do Sul, coll. Ihering ( BMNH 1886.1 ) ; three males, Porto Xavier, Ijuí river , 22/VI/1989 ( MCTP 1378 ) ; one male, Pirapó, Ijuí river , 22/VI/1989 ( MCTP 1348 ) ; one male, Santiago, Rota 1 ( UFRGS 2310 View Materials ) ; one male, Itaqui , 1914, coll. E. Garbe ( MZUSP 949 ) ; two males, Garruchos (28°7’43.93”S; 55°31’10.85”W), 17/IX/2013, coll. F. B. Ribeiro & K. M. Gomes ( UFRGS 5787 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; one male, Garruchos, Barreiro (-28.12838’S; -55.5181’W), 19/IX/2013, coll. F. B. Ribeiro & K. M. Gomes ( UFRGS 6503 View Materials ) ; one female, São Borja, Arroio do Barreiro , 28/II/1988 ( MCTP 1308 ) ; one male, São Borja, Arroio do Barreiro , 21/IV/1989 ( MCTP 1350 ) ; three males, São Borja, Arroio Barreiro , 23/VI/1989 ( MCTP 1370 ) ; one juvenile, São Borja, Rio Gabju (afluente do rio Iamaquã ), ponte com BR 472, 13/X/1987, coll. G. Bond, N. F. Fontoura, D. Schosler & F. Bento ( UFRGS 1368 View Materials ) ; one male and one female, Maquiné, Estrada do Ligeiro , 02/VIII/1999, coll. F. G. Becker, T. Finker & P. Colombo ( UFRGS 6233 View Materials ) ; four males, Santa Cruz, Pardo River (29°42’S; 52°25’W) ( MNB 3447 ) GoogleMaps ; one female, São Sebastião do Caí , IV/1997, coll. M. Verdade ( UFRGS 2191 View Materials ) ; two males, Faxinal do Soturno , coll. N. Fontoura, G. F. Rey & M. P. Barros ( MCTP 1915 ) ; two males and one juvenile, Faxinal do Soturno , 28/VII/1995 ( MCTP 1653 ) ; one male, Montenegro, affluent of Maratá stream, 15/V/2001, coll. D. Pereira ( UFRGS 3204 View Materials ) ; one male, Manoel Viana , 28/VII/1998, coll. J. Ferzola & P. Ferzola ( UFRGS 2697 View Materials ) ; one female, Vale Vêneto (29°38’33”S; 53°33’02”W), 2012, coll. M. M. Dalosto ( UFRGS 5779 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; three males and one female, Vale Vêneto , XI/2012, coll. M. M. Dalosto ( UFRGS 6073 View Materials ) ; one male, Santa Maria , CISM (29°45’12.58”S; 53°51’13.6°W) ( UFRGS 5780 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; one female, Santa Maria, Base Aérea (29° 49’27.33”S; 53°37’19.506”W), 2012, coll. M. M. Dalosto ( UFRGS 5784 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; one male, Alvorada , 04/X/1999 ( MCTP 2150 ) ; four males, Alvorada, IFRS Campus Alvorada , 08/VIII/2017, coll. K.M. Gomes ( UFRGS 6510 View Materials ) ; one male, Alegrete, Rio Ibirapuitã , 25/II/1982, coll. B. Irgang ( UFRGS 542 View Materials ) ; one male, Alegrete, REBIO Ibirapuitã (29°55’14.3”S; 55°56’02”W), 19/IX/2013, coll. K. M. Gomes & F. B. Ribeiro ( UFRGS 6914 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; four males and 18 juveniles, Restinga Seca , 28/III/1995 ( MCTP 1650 ) ; one female, Uruguaiana, Barragem e Rio Touro Passo , 14–18/X/1985, coll. P. Lucena & Marchini ( UFRGS 1376 View Materials ) ; one female, Uruguayana , 1914, coll. E. Garbe ( USNM 50671 About USNM ) ; two females, São Gabriel (30°34’16.86”S; 54°29’42.22”W), 21/ IX/2012, coll. K. M. Gomes ( UFRGS 5786 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; one male, São Gabriel (30°34’16.86”S; 54°29’42.22”W), 21/IX/2012, coll. K. M. Gomes ( UFRGS 5785 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; one male, Quaraí, affluent of the river Garupá , BR-293, 12/XI/1987, coll. G. Bond-Buckup ( UFRGS 2339 View Materials ) ; one male, Quaraí, affluent of the river Garupá , 12/XI/1987; coll. G. Bond, N. Fontoura & F. Bento ( UFRGS 2345 View Materials ) ; one female, Dom Pedrito , 05/III/1957, coll. C. P. Coreto ( UFRGS 1374 View Materials ) ; two female, Rio Grande, Estação Ecológica do Taim , 09/VI/1975, coll. L. Buckup ( UFRGS 276 View Materials ) ; one male and one female, Bagé , 22/VIII/1987 ( UFRGS 2350 View Materials ) ; one male, Bagé, Estância Santa Odessa , IV/2004, coll. Filho ( UFRGS 4792 View Materials ) ; one male, Rio Grande, Estação Ecológica do Taim , 09/VI/1975, coll. L. Buckup ( UFRGS 6616 View Materials ) ; one male and one female, Rio Grande, Estação Ecológica do Taim , 09/VI/1975, coll. L. Buckup ( UFRGS 277 View Materials ) ; 12 males, one female and 28 juveniles, Rio Grande, Estação Ecológica do Taim , 07/VIII/1976 ( UFRGS 205 View Materials ) ; six males, Rio Grande, Estação Ecológica do Taim , 19/IX/1998, coll. G. Bond-Buckup & C. Jara ( UFRGS 2413 View Materials ) ; one female and one juvenile, Rio Grande, Povo Novo, Estrada do Brete , coll. A. L. F. Santos ( UFRGS 3169 View Materials ) ; one male, Rio Grande, Povo Novo, Estrada do Brete , 23/VII/1982, coll. A. L. F. Santos ( UFRGS 3170 View Materials ) .

Uruguay —­ four males and one juvenile (MNHN-As 361) ; one male, Río Negro, Estância Morgan , 20/XII/1968, coll. C. S. Carbonell ( FC-UDELAR 165 ) ; 2 sni, Gruta del Palacio , 20/XI/1991 (FC-UDELAR w/n); one sni, Lavalleja, 20/VI/1981, coll. F. Amestoy ( USNM 177853 About USNM ) ; one sni, Rocha, 20/VIII/1981, F. Amestoy ( USNM 177854 About USNM ) ; two sni, 31/XII/1986, leg. ( USNM 219130 About USNM ) ; one sni, 1921, F. Felipponi ( USNM 62318 About USNM )

Argentina —­ two males, Marte Caseros, Corrientes (MACN-In 19817); one sni , Santo Tomé, Corrientes , coll. A. Nani VII/1947 (MACN-In 6592); one snd, Mercedes, Corrientes, coll. V. C. Pedera (FCEN-UBA w/n); one female, Catamarca, coll. E. Boman (MACN–In 30838) .

Diagnosis and description. von Martens (1869) and Buckup and Rossi (1980).

Remarks. Additional characters not mentioned in the original description by von Martens (1869) or in the redescription by Buckup and Rossi (1980) are: eyes small ( Fig. 6A, B, C View FIGURE 6 ); front narrow ( Fig. 6A, B View FIGURE 6 ); epistome anterolateral section with a conical projection ( Fig. 6A View FIGURE 6 ); antenna when extended back reaching S2; antennal scale lateral margin curved ( Fig. 7D View FIGURE 7 ); antennule internal ventral border of basal article unarmed ( Fig. 7A View FIGURE 7 ); mandible with cephalic molar process molariform and caudal molar process bicuspidate, incisor lobe with nine teeth; the third tooth from the anterior is the largest ( Fig. 7E View FIGURE 7 ); SLP4 and SLP5 equal in size and separated to each other with median keel not inflated; SLP6 conical and with two concavities on surface and larger than SLP4 and SLP5, median keel present and inflated; SLP7 largest and with a concave surface, median keel present and inflated; SLP8 smaller than SLP 7, median keel absent, vertical arms of paired sternopleural bridges close to each other, bullar lobes not visible ( Fig. 8B, C View FIGURE 8 ); male cuticle partition present. As von Martens (1869) did not designate a holotype, Buckup & Bond-Buckup (1994) designated the largest specimen of lot MNB 3323 as the lectotype, with Porto Alegre as the type-locality. This species is morphologically similar to P. fluviatilis , P. laevigatus and P. pilicarpus in having the cutting edge of cheliped fingers covered by dense tufts of long setae and triangular rostrum, but it differs from both in having irregular lines of verrucous tubercles in the dorsal margin of cheliped dactylus and longer rostrum with apex V-shaped.

Color of live specimens. Rostrum, cephalothorax anterior and lateral regions, chelipeds, dorsal pleon and tailfan olive-green or dark green. Pereiopod pairs 2–5 light greenish brown to dark greenish brown ( Fig. 8A View FIGURE 8 ).

Habitat. Streams, floodplain rivers, and flooded grasslands ( Buckup and Rossi 1980; Ribeiro et al. 2020) ( Fig. 8B View FIGURE 8 ). Burrows can reach a depth of up to one meter and with several branches and small chimneys ( Fig. 8C View FIGURE 8 ) ( Buckup and Rossi 1980). Burrows of P. pilimanus can be identified as type 2 according to Horwitz and Richardson’s (1986) classification and the species can be considered a secondary burrower based on Hobbs’ (1942) classification ( Ribeiro et al. 2020).

Distribution. Brazil: State of Rio Grande do Sul; Argentina: Provinces of Catamarca, Entre Ríos, Corrientes and Santa Fé; Uruguay: Departments of Rivera, Rocha, Cerro Largo, Federación and Flores ( Ribeiro et al. 2020).

Buckup, L. & Rossi, A. (1980) O Genero Parastacus no Brasil (Crustacea, Decapoda, Parastacidade). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 40, 663 - 681.

Buckup, L. & Bond-Buckup, G. (1994) Parastacidae e Aeglidae (Crustacea, Decapoda) Neotropicais do Museu de Berlim, Alemanha. Nauplius, 2, 17 - 27. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2176 - 7793. v 32 i 4 p 159 - 346

Crandall, K. A. & De Grave, S. (2017) An updated classification on the freshwater crayfishes (Decapoda: Astacidae) of the world, with a complete species list. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 37, 615 - 653. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jcbiol / rux 070

Faxon, W. (1898) Observations on the Astacidae in the United States National Museum and in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 20, 642 - 694. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.20 - 1136.643

Faxon, W. (1914) Notes on the Crayfishes in the United States National Museum and the Museum of Comparative Zoology with Descriptions of New Species and Subspecies to which Is Appended a Catalogue of the Known Species and Subspecies. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 40 (8), 351 - 427. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13326

Hobbs, H. H. Jr. (1989) An illustrated checklist of the American Crayfishes (Decapoda: Astacidae, Cambaridae, and Parastacidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 480, 1 - 236. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.480

Huber, A. F., Araujo, P. B. & Ribeiro, F. B. (2022) The hole is deeper: description of two new species within the Parastacus brasiliensis (von Martens, 1869) species complex with an integrative taxonomy approach. Zootaxa, 5168 (3), 251 - 284. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5168.3.1.

Huber, A. F., Araujo, P. B. & Ribeiro, F. B. (2024) A new freshwater crayfish species of Parastacus Huxley, 1879 (Malacostraca, Decapoda, Parastacidae) from southern Brazil. Nauplius, 32, e 20230496. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 2358 - 2936 e 20230496

Huxley, T. H. (1879) On the Classification and distribution of the crayfishes. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1879, 752 - 788. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1878. tb 08020. x

Martens, E. von (1869) Sudbrasilianische Suss-und Brackwasser-Crustaceen nach den Sammlungen des Dr. Reinh. Hensel. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 35 (1), 1 - 37.

Moreira, C. (1901) Crustaceos do Brasil. Arquivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, 11, 1 - 152.

Ortmann, A. E. (1902) The Geographical Distribution of Fresh-Water Decapods and Its Bearing upon Ancient Geography. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 41 (171), 267 - 400. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 16020

Ribeiro, F. B., Gomes, K. M., Huber, A. F. & Loureiro, T. G. (2020) Diversity and Conservation Strategies of Freshwater Crayfish in South America: An Update. In: Ribeiro, F. B. (Ed.), Crayfish: Evolution, Habitat and Conservation Strategies. Nova Science Publishers, New York, New York, pp. 1 - 42.

Riek, E. F. (1971) The freshwater Crayfishes of South America. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 84 (16), 129 - 136.

De los Rios-Escalante, P. R., Jara-Seguel, P., Contreras, A., Latsague, M., Lara, G., Rudolph, E. & Crandall, K. A. (2022) Distributional patterns of the South American species of Parastacidae (Decapoda, Astacidea). Crustaceana, 95 (10 - 12), 1123 - 1136. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 15685403 - bja 10247

Rogers, C. D., Magalhaes, C., Peralta, M., Ribeiro, F. B., Bond-Buckup, G., Price, W. W., Guerrero-Kommritz, J., Mantelatto, F. L., Bueno, A, Camacho, A. I., Gonzalez, E. R., Jara, C. G., Pedraza, M., Pedraza-Lara, C., Rudolph Latorre, E. & Santos, S. (2020) Phylum Arthropoda: Crustacea: Malacostraca. In: Damborenea, D., Rogers, C. D. & Thorp, J. H. (Org.), Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates. 1 st Edition. Elsevier, Boston, Massachusetts, pp. 809 - 986. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / B 978 - 0 - 12 - 804225 - 0.00023 - X

Gallery Image

FIGURE 6. Parastacus pilimanus (von Martens, 1869): A—­ habitus, dorsal view (UFRGS 277); B—­ cephalon, dorsal view (UFRGS 277); C—­ cephalon, lateral view (UFRGS 277); D—­ female pleonal somites, dorsal view (UFRGS 277); E—­ first to third male pleonal pleura (UFRGS 277); F—­ first to third female pleonal pleura (UFRGS 277); G—­ tailfan (UFRGS 277). Scale bars: A, C, D, E—­ 1 cm; B, F, G—­ 5 mm.

Gallery Image

FIGURE 7. Parastacus pilimanus (von Martens, 1869): A—­ epistome (UFRGS 277); B—­ thoracic sternites and gonopores (UFRGS 277); C—­ thoracomere 8, caudal view (UFRGS 277); D—­ antennal scale, lateral view (UFRGS 277); E—­ mandible (UFRGS 277); F—­ third maxilliped, ventral view (UFRGS 277); G—­ third maxilliped, dorsal view (paratype 4); H—­ first pereiopod, lateral view (UFRGS 277); I—­ first pereiopod, dorsal view (UFRGS 277); J—­ second pereiopod, lateral view (UFRGS 277). Scale bars: A, C, F, G, I, J—­ 5 mm; B, H—­ 1 cm; D, E—­ 2.5 mm.

Gallery Image

FIGURE 8. Parastacus pilimanus (von Martens, 1869), living specimen and habitat:A—­ living specimen; B—­ habitat, wetland in the municipality of Uruguaiana, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; C—­ burrow opening with chimney. White arrow indicates burrow opening. Scale bar: A—­ 10 mm.

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Malacostraca

Order

Decapoda

Family

Parastacidae

Genus

Parastacus