Alonopsis elongata ( Sars, 1861 )

Sinev, Artem Y. & Atroschenko, Margarita M., 2011, Revision of the genus Alonopsis Sars, 1862 and its position within Aloninae (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae), Zootaxa 2800, pp. 1-17 : 12-13

Alonopsis elongata ( Sars, 1861)

Leydig, 1860: 219–221, Pl. 9: figs 66–67 ( Lynceus macrourus ); Sars, 1861: 161 ( Alona ); Schoedler, 1863: 33 ( Acroperus intermedius ); Müller, 1867: 170–171, Pl. 4: fig. 28 ( elongata ); Lilljeborg, 1901: 434–440, Pl. 65: figs 5–20; Smirnov, 1966: 114–134, figs 1–10 ( Acroperus ); 1971: 413–415, figs 500–510 ( Acroperus ); Flössner, 1972: 335–339, fig. 124 ( Acroperus ); Negrea, 1983: 304–306, fig. 124; Flössner, 2000: 335–339, fig. 124.

Type locality. Lake Sognsvand (now Songsvann), the vicinity of Oslo, Norway.

Possible type material. Tube GOS F12424; slide GOS F9045 (locality is not specified, both labelled just as “ Norway ”, which is typical for material studied by Sars at this time), Zoological Museum of Oslo University, Norway.

Material studied: several specimens from the type locality, 0 9.2003, coll. A.Y. Sinev; over 100 parthenogenetic females, numerous ephippial females and males from Russia, Murmansk Area, Khibiny Mountains, Lake Malyi Vud'yavr, 11.08.2000, coll. A.Y. Sinev; over 50 parthenogenetic females from Russia, Karelia Republic, vicinity of Moscow State University White Sea Biological Station, lake Krugloe, 16.07.2008, coll. A.Y. Sinev; over 50 parthenogenetic females from Russia, Yaroslavl Area, Uglich Reservoir, 23.07.1962, coll. N. N. Smirnov, personal collection of A.A. Kotov (Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Moscow, Russia), AAK-1999-090; 12 females from Russia, Tomsk Area, Lake Bol'shoe Purul'do, near locality Kharsk, coll. A. A. Kotov, personal collection of A.A. Kotov (Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Moscow, Russia), AAK 2005-279.

Description. Parthenogenetic female. Body ( Fig. 1 A–D, 2A, C) height-length ratio 0.61–0.65. Valves ( Fig. 1 E, 2D), as for genus. Head typical of the genus, head shield ( Fig. 3 C) with broadly rounded anterior margin, with no defined rostrum. Head pores as for genus ( Fig. 2 B, 3C), IP/PP ratio about 1.3–2.0 in adult. Labrum ( Fig. 4 A), thorax, abdomen and postabdomen ( Fig. 3 A–B, E–G) as for genus.

Antennule ( Fig. 4 B), antenna ( Fig. 4 C) and limb I ( Fig. 4 E–G) as for genus. Limb II ( Fig. 4 H–I) as for genus, with scraper 7 significantly larger than scraper 8, armed with 7–9 very robust, massive denticles. Limbs III ( Fig. 4 J–K), VI ( Fig. 4 L–N), and V ( Fig. 4 O) as for genus; incursion between lobes of exopodite V as a right angle. Limb VI ( Fig. 4 P) as for genus.

Ephippial female ( Fig. 1 F) with body slightly higher than in parthenogenetic female, ephippium dark yellowbrown, without prominent sculpture.

Male. General shape of juvenile males of instar I ( Fig. 1 G) and II ( Fig. 1 H) similar to that of juvenile females of same instar; instar II males smaller than females of same instar. General shape of adult males ( Fig. 1 I, 2J) similar to that of instar II juvenile females, body height/body length = 0.63–0.65. Ocellus and eye of same size as in female.

Postabdomen. In juvenile instar I males, similar to that in juvenile females ( Fig. 3 H), with sperm duct openings located before the middle of ventral margin. In instar II juvenile males ( Fig 3 I), shorter than that in female. Gonopores located close to the end of postabdomen. Armament of postabdomen and postabdominal claw same as in female in both juvenile instars. In adult male, postabdomen ( Fig. 2 K, 3J) narrower than in female, narrowing distally and not curved. Postanal angle not defined, preanal angle obtuse. Distal part of postabdomen 4 times longer than preanal. Sperm duct openings at the end of postabdomen above the base of postabdominal claws. Clusters of short setules in place of marginal denticles, lateral fascicles of setules same as in female. Postabdominal claw two times shorter than that of female, curved, without basal spine, with pecten of about 10 long spines, exceeding the distalmost the width of claw base.

Antennule. In instar I male, same as in female. In instar II male antennule ( Fig. 5 B) broader than in female, with an anlage of male seta, aesthetascs same as in female. In adult male antennule shorter than in female ( Fig. 5 D), with 10 terminal and 2 lateral aesthetascs. Male seta arising at 1/4 length from tip, reaching to the end of antennule.

Thoracic limb I. In instar I male with a short anlage of copulatory hook, IDL same as in female ( Fig. 5 A). In instar II male, copulatory hook curved ( Fig. 5 C). Ventral face of limb with anlage of copulatory brush seta and a row of about 8 short setules below it. IDL with anlage of male seta, and other setae same as in female. In adult male, limb I stouter than that of female ( Fig. 5 E–F), with V-shaped copulatory hook. Copulatory brush present; about 30 irregularly spaced long setules on ventral face of limb below them, following by 20 much shorter setules in regular row. IDL seta 1 present, setae 2 and 3 subequal in length, much thinner than in female; male seta thick, about half as long as seta 3.

Size. In studied material, length of females of juvenile instar I— 0.43–0.47 mm; juvenile instar II— 0.49–0.57 mm; adult female— 0.59–0.91 mm (according to literature—up to 1.1 mm). Length of male of juvenile instar I— 0.44–0.46 mm; instar II— 0.47–0.51 mm; adult male— 0.54–0.57 mm (according to literature, up to 0.6 mm).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Alonopsis elongata (Sars, 1861), Russia, Murmansk Area, Khibiny Mountains, Lake Malyi Vud'yavr: A – B—juvenile females of instar I and II; C – E—adult parthenogenetic females, E—valve; F—ephippial female; G – H—juvenile males of instar I and II; I—adult male. All are lateral views. Scale bars: 0.2 mm for A – D, F – I, 0.1 mm for D.

FIGURE 2. SEM photographs of Alonopsis elongata (Sars, 1861), Russia, Murmansk Area, Khibiny Mountains, Lake Malyi Vud'yavr: A – B—juvenile female of instar I: A—habitus, lateral view, B—head pores; C – H—adult parthenogenetic female: C—habitus, lateral view, D—postroventral corner of valves, E—postabdomen, F—distal denticles of postabdomen, G—postabdominal claws, H—antenna; I – J—adult male: I—habitus, lateral view, J—postabdomen. Scale bars 0.1 mm for A, C, I, 0.05 mm for E, J, 0, 0 2 mm for D, H, 0.01 mm for B, F, G.

FIGURE 3. Alonopsis elongata (Sars, 1861), Russia, Murmansk Area, Khibiny Mountains, Lake Malyi Vud'yavr: A – B—postabdomens of juvenile females, instar I and II; C – F—adult parthenogenetic female: C—head shield, D—abdominal joint, Epostabdomen, F—denticles of postabdomen, G—postabdominal claw; H – I—postabdomens of juvenile males, instar I and II; J—postabdomen of adult male. Scale bars 0.1 mm for A – C, E and D, 0.05 mm for F – J.

FIGURE 4. Alonopsis elongata (Sars, 1861), Russia, Murmansk Area, Khibiny Mountains, Lake Malyi Vud'yavr, рathenogenetic female: A—labrum, B—antennule, C—antenna, D—maxillule, E—limb I, F—ODL and IDL of limb I, Gendites 1 and 2 of limb I, H—limb II, I—exopodite and distal scrapers of limb II, J—exopodite of limb III, K—inner portion of limb III, L—exopodite of limb IV, M—setae 5 – 6 on exopodite of limb IV, N—inner portion of exopodite IV, O—limb V, Plimb IV. Scale bars: 0.1 for A – C, E – F, H, J, L, O – P, 0.05 mm for D, G, I, K, M – N.

FIGURE 5. Alonopsis elongata (Sars, 1861), Russia, Murmansk Area, Khibiny Mountains, Lake Malyi Vud'yavr: A—limb I of juvenile male of instar I; B – C—juvenile male of instar II: B—antennule, C—limb I; D – F—adult male: D—antennule, E – F—limb I, inner and outer view. Scale bar 0.05 mm.