Anastatus (Anastatus) formosanus Crawford, 1913

Peng, Lingfei, Gibson, Gary A. P., Tang, Lu & Xiang, Jiawei, 2020, Review of the species of Anastatus (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) known from China, with description of two new species with brachypterous females, Zootaxa 4767 (3), pp. 351-401 : 370-373

Anastatus (Anastatus) formosanus Crawford, 1913

Figs 8 , 9

Anastatus formosanus Crawford, 1913: 249 . Described: both sexes.

Diagnosis. FEMALE. Macropterous ( Figs 8A, G ). Fore wing with hyaline cross band behind marginal vein complete and with entirely white setae ( Figs 8G, H ); infuscate region basal of hyaline band with uniformly dark setae and about 2.0–2.5× wider than cross band; basal region with basal cell, mediocubital fold and cubital and vanal areas uniformly setose, though at least basal cell with comparatively inconspicuous white setae (cf. Fig. 5B ). Head ( Fig. 8C ) with scrobal depression separated from anterior ocellus by distance greater than, but by less than 1.5×, longitudinal diameter of ocellus. Antenna ( Fig. 8I ) with fl2 longer than pedicel but not all funiculars longer than wide, with at least apical two funiculars quadrate to slightly transverse ( Fig. 8I , insert). Mesosoma, including procoxa ( Fig. 8F ), entirely dark, with concave posterior part of mesoscutum distinctly green or sometimes blue to purple in distinct contrast to rest of mesoscutum ( Fig. 8B ); mesotibial apical spur pale to variably darkly infuscate ( Fig. 9B ); mesotarsus with basal three or four tarsomeres pale, though apical tarsomere dark and penultimate tarsomere often variably distinctly infuscate ( Fig. 9B ). Mesoscutum ( Fig. 8B ) with convex anterior part of medial lobe entirely punctate-reticulate to mesh-like reticulate, with somewhat larger reticulations posteriorly, and with posterior concave part of mesoscutum broadly setose with white setae medially, though apices of setae not extending laterally to carinate margin of lateral lobe; mesoscutal lateral lobe with bare, minutely mesh-like-coriaceous band anterior of posteromedian carina relative to more mesh-like reticulate to reticulate-imbricate sculpture on outer inclined surface ( Figs 8B, D ). Profemur ventrally with distinct, acute, spine-like denticle (tooth) within about apical third ( Fig. 9A : arrow).

MALE. Antenna ( Fig. 9F ) with scape yellow, pedicel dark dorsally but pale ventrally; flagellum with at least basal one or two flagellomeres paler relative to darker brown apical flagellomeres such that darker multiporous plate sensilla contrasting in colour with surrounding cuticle ( Fig. 9F ), and consisting of clava and seven funiculars, with all funiculars obviously longer than wide and clava subequal in length to combined length of apical two funiculars ( Fig. 9F ). Head ( Fig. 9G ) with frons mesh-like coriaceous to variably distinctly roughened, mesh-like reticulate to reticulate-rugulose. Mesopleurosternum entirely dark or with variably distinctly differentiated, paler, transepisternal and femoral lines forming Y-shaped mark ( Figs 9D : fml, tsl). Legs ( Fig. 9C ) with pro- and mesotrochanters and trochantelli infuscate to dark, but metatrochanter and trochantellus pale; pro- and mesofemora mostly dark but narrowly pale apically, and metafemur entirely dark; pro- and mesotibiae entirely pale, but metatibia almost entirely dark, only narrowly pale basally for distance at most about equal with apical width of tibia; tarsi pale. Fore wing ( Fig. 9H ) with costal cell dorsally setose along leading margin only apically, for distance less than half length of cell ( Fig. 9I ); basal cell bare or variably extensively setose excluding setae along basal and mediocubital folds ( Fig. 9I ); disc with large, quadrangular speculum, either open posteriorly ( Fig. 9H ) or partly to completely closed posteriorly by line of inconspicuous white setae.

Species concept. Our concept of A. formosanus is based on a single female syntype in the USNM labelled as “Taihoku | Formosa / ex, eggs | Biprorulus | bibax Bred. / June | 1911 / T Shiraki | coll / Type No. 15103 | U.S. N.M. / Anastatus formosanus | Type Cwfd.”, plus numerous reared females and males from Taiwan in the CNC that we compared with the syntype. Crawford (1913) originally described A. formosanus from both sexes without selecting a holotype and therefore the USNM female we examined is a syntype.

Regional records. Non-type material examined. Guangdong: Kaiping City, 2 m, 15.IV.2017, L. Peng, reared from egg of Tessaratoma papillosa (1♀ FAFU). Hainan: Baoting County, 170 m, 25.III.2017, L. Peng, reared from egg of Tessaratoma papillosa (1♀ FAFU). Longmen Road, Danzhou City, 153 m, 23.III.2017, L. Peng, reared from egg of Tessaratoma papillosa (Drury) (1♀ FAFU). Yunnan: Zhegexincun, Yuanjiang, Yuxi City, 608 m, 11.IV.2017, J. Liu, reared from egg of Tessaratoma papillosa (1♀ FAFU); Zhendong, Pu’er City, 17.X.2013 (1♀ FAFU), 25.X.2013 (2♀ FAFU), Q. Men, reared from egg of Dendrolimus kikuchii . Taiwan: Miaoli County, Y.-H. Wu, field collected and laboratory reared on Tessaratoma papiliosa eggs, source coll. 24.V.2017 (1♀ CNC). Pind- ung, 22.368106°N 120.595306°E, field collected VIII.2018 and laboratory reared 12.IX.2018, J.-C. Hsu, Antheraea pernyi (4♀, 1♂ CNC). Ping-lin, 26.VIII.1993, L.Y. Chou, ex. eggs Erthesina fullo Thunberg on Mango (2♀, 3♂ CNC). Taichung City, 7.IX.1992, L.T. Chou, ex. eggs Erthesina fullo Thunberg on Longan (8♀, 3♂ CNC). Campus of National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 30.VII.2017, laboratory reared from Tessaratoma papillosa (2♀ FAFU). Wufeng District, Taichung City, 10.VIII.2016 (12♀, 6♂ CNC), 24.V.2017 (2♀ CNC), J.-C. Hsu. Wufeng District, Taichung City, 3.VIII.1995, L.Y. Chou, ex. eggs Erthesina fullo Thunberg on Pear (3♀ CNC). Taipei, 25.017365°N 121.539100°E, collected 2017 and laboratory reared 17.VIII.2018 (2♂ CNC), collected 20.VII.2018 and laboratory reared 22.VIII.2018 (4♀, 2♂ CNC), collected VIII.2018 and laboratory reared 12.IX.2018 (6♂, 5♂ CNC), J.-C. Hsu, Antheraea pernyi . National Taiwan University, Taipei City, 26.X.2016, Y.-H. Wu, ex. Tessaratoma papillosa (Drury) (1♀, 7♂ CNC). National Taiwan University, Taipei City, 8.VI.2017, J.-C. Hsu (5♀, 3♂ CNC). Da’an District, Taipei City, 10.VII.2016, J.-C. Hsu (9♀, 7♂ CNC).

Distribution. ORIENTAL: China (* Guangdong, * Hainan, * Yunnan, Taiwan).

Hosts. HEMIPTERA . Pentatomidae : Biprorulus bibax ( Crawford, 1913) ; * Erthesina fullo (Thunberg, 1783) on Dimocarpus longan Loureiro (Sapindaceae) , Mangifera Linnaeus (Anacardiaceae) , and Pyrus Linnaeus (Rosaceae) . Tessaratomidae : * Tessaratoma papillosa . LEPIDOPTERA . Lasiocampidae : * Dendrolimus kikuchii . Saturniidae : * Antheraea pernyi (Guérin-Méneville, 1855) (factitious host).

Our study indicates that in Taiwan A. formosanus is a common biocontrol agent of T. papillosa along with A. japonicus and A. shichengensis (see further under A. fulloi and A. japonicus ).

Remarks. When Crawford (1913) described A. formosanus he compared it to A. japonicus ; however, both sexes are much more similar to those of A. dexingensis and A. shichengensis , as is discussed under the latter two species.

Figures

FIGURE 5. Anastatus (Anastatus) dexingensis. A, Female antenna (2018-86) [insert: apical three funiculars and clava, vertical lines indicate length of antennomeres]; B, female base of fore wing (2018-85); C, female mesotibial apical spur and mesotarsus; D, male antenna (2018-47) [insert: pedicel and ventral view of basal flagellomeres]; E, male frontal head (2018-49); F, male lateral habitus (2018-48); G, male dorsal head and mesosoma (2018-47); H, male fore wing (2018-47); I, male costal cell (2018- 47).Abbreviations: cuf = cubital fold, fl2 = second flagellomere, mcf = mediocubital fold, mdf = medial fold, mps = multiporous plate sensilla, pdl = pedicel, spc = speculum.

FIGURE 8. Anastatus (Anastatus) formosanus female. A, Lateral habitus (2018-90); B, mesonotum (2018-77); C, frontal head (2018-79); D, mesoscutal lateral lobe (2018-77); E, frontal part of head between toruli and anterior ocellus (2018-79); F, lateral habitus (2018-90); G, fore wing (2018-91); H, middle part of fore wing (2018-91); I, antenna (2018-92) [insert: apical three funiculars and clava, vertical lines indicate length of antennomeres].

FIGURE 9. Anastatus (Anastatus) formosanus. A, Female profemur, posterior view (2018-90) [arrow points to denticle]; B, female mesotibial apical spur and mesotarsus (2018-77); C, male lateral habitus (2018-83); D, male lateral mesosoma (2018- 83); E, male dorsal head and mesosoma (2018-83); F, male antenna (2018-83) [insert: ventral view of pedicel and basal flagellomeres (2018-94)]; G, male frontal head (2018-84); H, male fore wing (2018-83); I, male basal region of fore wing (2018-83). Abbreviations: fml = femoral line, mps = multiporous plate sensilla, spc = speculum, tsl = transepisternal line.