Ankylopterygini Navás, 1910

Wu, Jingyu & Liu, Xingyue, 2024, Systematics of the green lacewing tribe Ankylopterygini Navás, 1910 (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae: Chrysopinae) from China, Zootaxa 5540 (1), pp. 1-169 : 9-10

Tribe Ankylopterygini Navás, 1910

Ancilopterygino Navás, 1910a: 59.

Ankylopterygini Navás , 1913: 293.

Diagnosis. Body small to large. Body length 5.6–21.0 mm, forewing length 7.5–27.0 mm, hindwing length 6.7–25.5 mm. This tribe is characterized by the following characters: the head sometimes with spots on the frons, clypeus and gena, the large prominent compound eyes, the antennal scape sometimes with brown stripe on the outer or inner side, the scape wider than pedicel and flagellum, the sickle-shaped mandibles without basal teeth, the maxillary and labial palpi usually marked, the terminal palpomere pointed or not, the pronotum sometimes with small brown spots anterolaterally, the mesonotum and metanotum with brown markings or not, the legs sometimes marked with black spots on tibia and with long pale setae, the pretarsal claws with basal dilation, the forewing sometimes with brown shadings on gradates, CuP, etc., the costal area strongly or feebly broadened basally, the dark or indistinct pterostigma, the cell m1 smaller than m2, the present or absent cell im, the gradates in two or more divergent rows, the basal crossvein of inner gradate series meeting Psm or not, the cell c1 smaller than c2, the opened or closed cell dcc, the hindwing usually without shadings, the abdomen with dense setae, the male tergum IX fused with ectoproct, the male sternum VIII fused with sternum IX or not, the ovoid callus cerci, the male genitalia without tignum and gonapsis, the arcuate gonarcus, the entoprocessus always attached with gonarcus, the pseudopenis not attached with entoprocessus or the arcessus attached to the entoprocessus, the female subgenitale distinctly or slightly bilobed apically, the thick or thin spermatheca, the long or short or absent vela, the deep or shallow or absent ventral impression, and the long curved duct.

Distribution. Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Australian, Oriental and Nearctic regions.

Remarks. In Brooks & Barnard (1990), based on the male genitalia being without tignum and gonapsis as well as being pointed terminal palpomere of maxillary and labial palpi, the tribe Ankylopterygini included only five genera: Ankylopteryx Brauer, 1864 , Retipenna Brooks, 1986 , Parankylopteryx Tjeder, 1966 , Semachrysa Brooks, 1983 and Signochrysa Brooks & Barnard, 1990 . Garzón-Orduña et al. (2019) and Winterton et al. (2019) reconstructed the phylogeny of Chrysopidae and the results showed that Tumeochrysa Needham, 1909 , Nineta Navás, 1912 and Chrysopidia Navás, 1910 are closely related to Ankylopterygini . The species of Tumeochrysa , Nineta and Chrysopidia do not possess a pointed terminal palpomere of the maxillary and labial palpi, but the male genitalia in these species also lack tignum and gonapsis as in typical Ankylopterygini species. Breitkreuz et al. (2022) formally transferred Nineta , Tumeochrysa and Chrysopidia to Ankylopterygini .