Gorytina

Nemkov, Pavel G. & Pulawski, Wojciech J., 2009, A cladistic analysis of Gorytina (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae: Bembicini), with a reclassification of the subtribe, Zootaxa 2069, pp. 1-17 : 2-3

Subtribe Gorytina

Gorytina Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau 1845. Based on Gorytes Latreille (stem: Goryt -). Originally spelled Gorytites, latinized to Gorytinae by Dalla Torre 1897. Spelled Goritini by A. Costa 1859 (Italian vernacular), and Gorytesii by Acloque 1897.

Arpactina R. Turner 1915. Based on Arpactus Panzer 1805 (stem: Arpact -).

Hoplisina Rohwer 1916. Based on Hoplisus Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau 1832 (stem: Hoplis -).

Taxonomic rank. Gorytina are variously ranked. Bohart and Menke (1976) subdivided the subfamily Bembicinae (their Nyssoninae) into six tribes: Heliocausini , Alyssontini , Nyssonini , Gorytini , Stizini , and Bembecini. Bohart (2000) also recognized Gorytini as a tribe. Hanson and Menke 2006 (based on Prentice 1998, unpublished doctoral thesis) recognized only three tribes within Bembicinae: Alyssontini , Bembicini , and Nyssonini , and reduced Gorytini to one of six subtribes of Bembicini . We accept Prentice’s proposed classification ( Hanson & Menke 2006), as it is based on a much more detailed study of morphological characters and a cladistic analysis, rather that on a purely comparative approach.

Recognition. Gorytina are members of the tribe Bembicini , as demonstrated by the following characters: midcoxae close to each other, metapleuron with greatly reduced ventral area, separated from the propodeum by sulcus, forewing with three submarginal cells, propodeum dorsolaterally without spines or teeth, and gastral sternum I with basomedian ridge.

Gorytina differ from the other subtribes of Bembicini ( Bembicina , Exeirina , Handlirschiina , Heliocausina , and Stizina ) in having the following character complex: palpal formula 6+4 (5+3, 4+2 or 3+ 1 in some Bembicina ); labrum not or barely exposed or, if prominent, its exposed part at most one-third as long as broad (exposed part one-third or more as long as broad in Bembicina and some Handlirschiina and Stizina ); inner eye margins of female almost parallel to conspicuously converging toward clypeus (converging above in Heliocausina and some Bembicina ), nearly straight from upper clypeal margin to midocellus level (markedly convex in Exeirina ); ocelli not deformed, well developed (deformed, ill defined in Heliocausina and Bembicina ); scutellum not overlapping metanotum (overlapping in Bembicina , Stizina and some Handlirschiina ); forewing submarginal cell II not petiolate (petiolate in some Exeirina ); male sternum II without keel-like elevation (elevation present in Heliocausina and some Bembicina ); male sternum VIII apically with one or two prongs (with three prongs in Stizina ); male volsella differentiated into cuspis and digitus (not differentiated in some Handlirschiina ); female pygidial plate well-defined (ill defined or absent in Heliocausina , Stizina and some Bembicina ).

Currently Recognized Genera. Afrogorytes Menke 1967 , Allogorytes Bohart 2000 , Argogorytes Ashmead 1899 , Arigorytes Rohwer 1912 , Aroliagorytes Bohart 2000 , Austrogorytes Bohart 1967 , † Biamogorytes Nemkov 1990, Eogorytes Bohart in Bohart and Menke 1976 , Epigorytes Bohart 2000 , Gorytes Latreille 1805 , Hapalomellinus Ashmead 1899 , Harpactostigma Ashmead 1899 , Harpactus Shuckard 1837 , Hoplisoides Gribodo 1884 , Leiogorytes Bohart 2000 , Lestiphorus Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau 1832, Leurogorytes Bohart 2000 , Liogorytes Bohart 1967 , Malaygorytes Nemkov 1999 , Megistommum W. Schulz 1906 , Neogorytes Bohart in Bohart and Menke 1976 , Oryttus Spinola 1836 , Paraphilanthus Va r dy 1995, Psammaecius Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau 1832, Psammaletes Pate 1936 , Pseudoplisus Ashmead 1899 , Pterygorytes Bohart 1967 , Sagenista Bohart 1967 , Saygorytes Nemkov 2007 , Stenogorytes Schrottky 1911 , Stethogorytes Bohart 2000 , Tretogorytes Bohart 2000 , Trichogorytes Rohwer 1912 , and Xerogorytes Bohart in Bohart and Menke 1976 .

Trachogorytes Bohart 2000 , treated as a member of Gorytini by its author, was synonymized with Mellinus by Pulawski (2007).