Anthocoris chibi Hiura, 1959

Yamada, Kazutaka & Yasunaga, Tomohide, 2021, The tribe Anthocorini in Japan (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae): descriptions of new species, review of distribution and bionomics, Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 61 (2), pp. 375-426 : 392

Anthocoris chibi Hiura, 1959

( Figs 7A–B , 9A , 10A–B , 12A , 13A–C , 15A , 20 ) Anthocoris chibi Hiura, 1959: 5 . Holotype: J, Japan, Tokyo (OMNH). Anthocoris chibi : Mංඒൺආඈඍඈ (1961): 220 (morphology of alimentary organ); Mංඒൺආඈඍඈ (1965): 96, pl. 48 (diagnosis, habitat, distribution, photo); SHංආංඓඎ (1969): 244 (record); Tൺඐൺඋൺ (1970): 67 (record); Fඈඋൽ (1979): 55 (listed, distribution); OඍඌඎKൺ (1982): 138 (record); ZHൾඇG (1984): 66, 68 (record); IർHංඍൺ (1988): 132 (record); KൾඋඓH- ඇൾඋ (1988): 774 (in key); HൺඒൺඌHං (1989): 217 (record); Mංඒൺආඈඍඈ & YൺඌඎඇൺGൺ (1989): 165 (listed, distribution); OඍඌඎKൺ & AඋൺආൺKං (1989): 29 (record);AඌൺඈKൺ & IൾKං (1990): 155 (listed, distribution); ZHൾඇG & Bඎ (1990): 23 (listed); Lൾൾ et al. (1994): 5 (record); Kඐඈඇ et al. (1996a): 109 (record); Pඣඋංർൺඋඍ (1996): 110 (catalogue, distribution); HൺඒൺඌHං (1998): 165 (record); YൺඌඎඇൺGൺ (1999): 22 (listed, distribution); YൺඌඎඇൺGൺ et al. (1999): 8 (record, distribution); Hඎൺ (2000): 198 (listed, distribution); TඈආඈKඎඇං (2000): 39 (record); Bඎ & ZHൾඇG (2001):120, 158 (in key, redescription,figures); Kඐඈඇ et al. (2001):79 (catalogue, record, distribution);YൺඌඎඇൺGൺ (2001b):pl.85, 281 (photo, diagnosis, habitat, prey); OKൺඒൺආൺ Pඋൾൿൾർඍඎඋൾ (2003): 65 (listed, distribution); HൺඒൺඌHං & OඓൺKං (2004): 223 (distribution); NඈඓൺKං & NඈඓൺKං (2006): 11 (record); Kൾ & Bඎ (2007): 90–91 (figure, description of female genitalia); Mංඒൺආඈඍඈ (2008): 164, pl. 57 (diagnosis, habitat, distribution, photo);AඈKං (2010): 72 (record); VංඇඈKඎඋඈඏ et al. (2010): 56 (catalogue, distribution); Yൺඇඈ et al. (2012):87 (record, distribution);AඎKൾආൺ et al. (2013a):88 (catalogue, distribution); Hൺඈ & Mൺ (2013): 36 (listed); JඎඇG et al. (2013): 422 (catalogue, diagnosis, distribution, habitat, prey); IඐൺඌൺKං (2014): 24 (record); TඈආඈKඎඇං (2014): 363 (record); MൺൾHൺඋൺ (2015): 28 (record, habitat, prey); NඈඓൺKං et al. (2015): 18 (record); MංඒൺKൾ (2018): 56 (record); Sൺඐൺൽൺ (2018): D-36 (listed); Kඈආൺඍඌඎ (2016): 97 (record);Yൺආൺൽൺ et al. (2016):422 (catalogue, distribution); JඎඇG & Lൾൾ (2017): 35, 70 (diagnosis, redescription, prey, distribution, photo, figure); HൺඒൺඌHං et al. (2018): 182 (distribution); Iඍඈ et al. (2020): 113 (record); SHංඓඎඈKൺ Pඋൾൿൾർඍඎඋൾ (2020): 128 (listed). Type material examined. Hඈඅඈඍඒඉൾ: J, ‘ 12.VII.1957 \ Yodobashi-Jyôsuijyô [= Yodobashi water purification plant, in Chinese script] \ TOKYO \ Y. NISHIOKA’ [handwritten], ‘ HOLOTYPE J [handwritten] \ Anthocoris [handwritten] \ chibi [handwritten] \ HIURA, 1959 [handwritten] \ I. HIURA Det. [printed]’, ‘OMNH TI 190’ [handwritten] (OMNH). Additional material examined. JAPAN: HඈKKൺංൽඈ: 1♀, Tomakomai- -shi, Hokkaido Univ. Exp. Forest, 30.vii.1998, T. Yasunaga (TYCN); 1 J 4 ♀♀, Hakodate-shi, Mt. Esan, 15.–16.vii.1970, M. Sakai (NSMT). HඈඇඌHඎ: Aomori Pref.: 1 J, Tsugaru-shi, around Hirataki-numa, 17.vi.2016, T. Yoshida (TKPM). Kanagawa Pref.: 1 ♀, Manazuru-cho, Manazuru Cape, 16.v.2009, T. Ban (TKPM). Nagano Pref.: 1 ♀, Matsumoto-shi, Johyama Park, 8.vi.1991, M.Tomokuni (NSMT). Aichi Pref.: 1 ♀, Tahara-shi, Atsumi, 16.vi.2005, T. Ueda (TKPM). Hyogo Pref.: 11 JJ (one in Figs 7A–B , one in Figs 10A–B , one in Figs 12A , 13A–C ) 6 ♀♀ (one in Fig. 15A ), Miki-shi, Miki SA, 27.vi.2002, T. Ueda (TKPM) 7 ♀♀ (one in Fig. 9A ), same locality, 26.iii.2002, T. Ueda (TKPM); 1 J 6 ♀♀, same locality, 21.x.2002, T. Ueda (TKPM). Tottori Pref.: 1 ♀, Mt. Daisen, Masumizuhara, 13.ix.1984, M. Tomokuni (NSMT). SHංKඈ- Kඎ: Tokushima Pref.: 6 JJ 2 ♀♀, Tokushima-shi, Ôbara-cho, Ômiko, 18.v.2010, K. Yamada (TKPM); 3 ♀♀, Mima-shi, Sôgo, 4.vi.2010, K. Yamada (TKPM). Kagawa Pref.: 6 JJ 5 ♀♀, Takamatsu-shi, Kinbuchi Forest Park, 19.–20.vii.2003, K.Yamada (TKPM); 1♀, Shôdoshima-cho, Shihouzashi, 750 m, 16.vii.1999, M. Tomokuni (NSMT).

Differential diagnosis. Recognized by the following combination of characters: Body ( Figs 7A–B ) reddish brown to blackish brown; head reddish brown; antennae ( Fig. 7A ) pale brown to yellowish brown; segment I brown, apices of segments II and III and entire segment IV dark brown; anterior half of hemelytra ( Fig. 7A ) densely covered with recumbent whitish-silver setae; membrane ( Fig. 7A ) smoky dark brown, with broad whitish band on basal part; legs ( Fig. 7A ) reddish brown, tibiae uniformly pale brown to yellowish brown; ostiolar peritreme ( Fig. 9A ) straight, curved anteriorly at apex; abdominal sternum II ( Fig. 12A ) with a pair of kidney-shaped membranous areas on posterior half. Similar to the general appearance of A. notatotibialis Bu & Zheng, 2001 from China, but distinguished from the latter by the tibiae being uniformly pale brown to yellowish brown (in A. notatotibialis blackish brown, with outer side of basal half grayish white) and the apex of paramere being strongly curved (in A. notatotibialis smoothly curved).

Redescription. Male genitalia ( Figs 10A–B , 13A–C ): Pygophore ( Fig. 13A ) turbinate, slightly wider than long, covered with 4–8 long, stout setae intermixed with short, suberect setae along outer margin and on posteroventral surface; mid-dorsal surface very hirsute with short, suberect setae; paramere ( Figs 10B , 13B–C ) wide, gradually narrowed toward apex, apex strongly bent, with a few very short, erect setae on median portion; longitudinal groove in form of shallow depression.

Female genitalia ( Fig. 15A ): Copulatory tube fused on left upper surface of intersegmental membrane between sterna VII and VIII, approximately 0.4 mm in length, almost same width from just anteriad of the base to apex (junction to trunk of conductive tissue), basally slightly thickened; trunk of conductive tissue visible.

Measurements [mm; JJ (n = 10) / ♀♀ (n = 10)]. Body length 2.50–2.88 / 2.75–3.40; head length (excl. neck) 0.38–0.45 / 0.42–0.49; head width across eyes 0.43–0.46 / 0.45–0.52; vertex width 0.25–0.27 / 0.26–0.32; length of antennal segments I – 0.14–0.17 / 0.15–0.18, II – 0.42–0.50 / 0.46–0.56, III – 0.25–0.31 / 0.25–0.32, and IV – 0.32–0.35 / 0.32–0.36; length of labial segments II – 0.12–0.17 / 0.15–0.21, III – 0.50–0.53 / 0.54–0.62, and IV – 0.27–0.32 / 0.29–0.35; anterior pronotal width 0.34–0.38 / 0.37–0.44; mesal pronotal length 0.38–0.44 / 0.42–0.52; basal pronotal width 0.83–1.02 / 0.86–1.13; length of embolial margin 0.87–1.04 / 0.87–1.15; length of cuneal margin 0.42–0.54 / 0.46–0.60; maximum width across hemelytra 0.95–1.08 / 0.96–1.27.

Bionomics. Hංඎඋൺ (1959) reported that this species inhabits Pinus forests, where it preys on aphids. In particular, it has been found on P. densiflora (e.g., KൾඋඓHඇൾඋ 1988, Bඎ & ZHൾඇG 2001). YൺඌඎඇൺGൺ et al. (1999) recorded this species from Hokkaido based on a specimen from P. koraiensis Siebold & Zucc. He suggested that the specimen may have been introduced together with young trees of Pinus species from Honshu (YൺඌඎඇൺGൺ et al. 1999, YൺඌඎඇൺGൺ 2001b). A few specimens deposited in NSMT were obtained from Hakodate, in the southern part of Hokkaido in 1970. These specimens may also represent a population introduced from Honshu; therefore, it is probable that artificial introduction from Honshu to Hokkaido occurred repeatedly in the past.

Distribution. Japan: Hokkaido (YൺඌඎඇൺGൺ et al. 1999); Honshu: Aomori (IർHංඍൺ 1988), Tochigi (MൺൾHൺඋൺ 2015), Saitama (HൺඒൺඌHං 1989), Chiba (AඈKං 2010), Tokyo (Hංඎ- උൺ 1959), Kanagawa (HൺඒൺඌHං & OඓൺKං 2004), Nagano *, Shizuoka (SHංඓඎඈKൺ Pඋൾൿൾർඍඎඋൾ 2020), Aichi (AඌൺඈKൺ & IൾKං 1990), Osaka (IඐൺඌൺKං 2014), Hyogo *, Tottori *, Okayama (NඈඓൺKං & NඈඓൺKං 2006); Izu Islands: Ôshima Is. (Hංඎඋൺ 1959); Shikoku: Tokushima (Hංඎඋൺ 1959), Kagawa *, Ehime (Yൺඇඈ et al. 2012); Kyushu: Fukuoka (Hංඎඋൺ 1959), Kumamoto (OඍඌඎKൺ 1982), Oita (MංඒൺKൾ 2018), Miyazaki (Tൺඐൺඋൺ 1970, Kඈආൺඍඌඎ 2016), Kagoshima (Hංඎඋൺ 1959, Iඍඈ et al. 2020); Tsushima Island (YൺඌඎඇൺGൺ 1999). Korea: South: Gyeongsangbuk-do, Jeollanam-do (Kඐඈඇ et al. 1996a, 2001), Jeollanam-do (JඎඇG et al. 2013). China: Heilongjiang, Jilin, Gansu, Shandong (Bඎ & ZHൾඇG 2001). Russia: Far East: Primorsky Kray (KൾඋඓHඇൾඋ 1988). According to the collection records, this species mainly inhabits the lowland areas of Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu, Japan ( Fig. 20 ).

Figures

Fig. 7. Habitus of Anthocoris spp., dorsal (A, C, E, G, I, K) and lateral (B, D, F, H, J, L) views. A–B – A. chibi Hiura, 1959, male; C–D – A. confusus Reuter, 1884, male; E–F – A. japonicus Poppius, 1909, male; G–H – A. kalopanacis Kerzhner, 1977, female; I–J – A. nemoralis (Fabricius, 1794), male; K–L – A. takahashii Hiura, 1959, male. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

Fig. 9. Scanning electron micrographs of ostiolar peritreme and evaporatorium of Anthocoris spp, left lateroventral view. A – A. chibi Hiura, 1959, female; B – A. confusus Reuter, 1884, male (from India); C – A. japonicus Poppius, 1909, female; D – A. kalopanacis Kerzhner, 1977, female; E – A. takahashii Hiura, 1959, female; F – A. miyamotoi Hiura, 1959, female; G – A. venustus sp. nov., paratype, male. Abbreviations: eva ‒ evaporatorium; mf ‒ median furrow; op ‒ ostiolar peritreme; sca ‒ supracoxal area.

Fig. 10. Scanning electron micrographs of male genitalia of Anthocoris spp. A–B – A. chibi Hiura, 1959; C–D – A. confusus Reuter, 1884 (from India); E–F – A. japonicus Poppius, 1909.A, C, E – pygophore with paramere, dorsal (A, C) and laterodorsal (E) views; B, D, F – paramere, dorsal (B, D) and laterodorsal (F) views. Abbreviations: end ‒ endosoma; prm ‒ paramere; pyg ‒ pygophore.

Fig. 12. Abdominal sterna II–III of Anthocoris spp., male, ventral view (setae omitted). A – A. chibi Hiura, 1959; B – A. confusus Reuter, 1884; C – A. japonicus Poppius, 1909; D – A. nemoralis (Fabricius, 1794); E – A. takahashii Hiura, 1959; F – A. miyamotoi Hiura, 1959; G – A. venustus sp. nov., paratype. Abbreviations: ma ‒ membranous area; st2–3 ‒ abdominal sternum II to III. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

Fig. 13. Male genitalia of Anthocoris spp. A–C – A. chibi Hiura, 1959; D–F – A. confusus Reuter, 1884; G–I – A. japonicus Poppius, 1909; J–L – A. nemoralis (Fabricius, 1794); M–O – A. takahashii Hiura, 1959. A, D, G, J, M – pygophore with paramere (ejaculatory bulb omitted), dorsal view; B–C, E–F, H–I, K–L, N–O – paramere, two different views. Abbreviations: prm ‒ paramere; pyg ‒ pygophore. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 15. Female genitalia of Anthocoris spp., dorsal view.A – A. chibi Hiura, 1959; B – A. confusus Reuter, 1884; C – A. japonicus Poppius, 1909; D – A. nemoralis (Fabricius,1794); E – A.takahashii Hiura, 1959; F – A. miyamotoi Hiura, 1959; G – A. venustus sp. nov., paratype.Abbreviations: ct ‒ copulatory tube; ism ‒ intersegmental membrane; sp ‒ sperm pouch; t ‒ trunk of conductive tissue (C–D, trunk of conductive tissue dissolved). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 20. Distribution of Anthocoris chibi Hiura, 1959 (circles) and A. confusus Reuter, 1884 (squares) in Japan. Filled symbols represent records based on specimens examined by us, open symbols represent literature records.