Aysenia paposo, Laborda, Álvaro, Ramírez, Martín J. & Pizarro-Araya, Jaime, 2013

Laborda, Álvaro, Ramírez, Martín J. & Pizarro-Araya, Jaime, 2013, New species of the spider genera Aysenia and Aysenoides from Chile and Argentina: description and phylogenetic relationships (Araneae: Anyphaenidae, Amaurobioidinae), Zootaxa 3731 (1), pp. 133-152 : 135-140

Aysenia paposo new species

Figs 1–4

Type material. Male holotype from Chile, Antofagasta Region (II), Antofagasta Province, 8.1 km NNW Paposo , 24.93947º S, 70.49265º W, elev. 114 m, 27–29 Oct 2011, M.J. Ramírez, A. Ojanguren, J. Pizarro et al. (temporary preparations AJL-1 to 6; AJL-10; AJL-15), deposited in MNHN. Same data, male paratype, MACN-Ar 30292 (temporary preparation MJR-1405). Female paratype together with holotype.

Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

Diagnosis. It is similar to Aysenia araucana Ramírez by having moderately wrapped copulatory ducts, long embolus and relatively small primary conductor, but can be distinguished by the long extension of the primary conductor in retrolateral view (shorter in Aysenia araucana ), and the angle of the margin of tegulum and cymbium of about 90° in retrolateral view ( Fig. 1 d) (about 120° in Aysenia araucana, Ramírez 2003 : fig. 25B), and the leftright copulatory ducts in the female vulva well separated, less coiled ( Fig. 2 c) (contiguous and clearly coiled in Aysenia araucana, Ramírez 2003 : fig. 25E).

Description. Male (holotype): Prosoma length 1.93, width 1.03, narrowed in front ( Fig. 1 a). Tibia/metatarsus length: I, 1.23/1.07; II, 1.07/1.00; III, 0.60/0.70; IV, 1.13/0.83. Chelicerae strong, with thick anterior bristles ( Fig. 1 a) three contiguous teeth on retromargin and three on promargin. Sternum length 0.93, width 0.60. Spines: leg I, femur d 1-1-1, p d1ap; tibia v 2-2 -2 (the x-p 1-x displaced to prolateral), p 1-1-1 or 1-0-1, r 1-0-1; metatarsus v 2 -0- 2, p d1-d1-0-1, r 0-1-0, d 0-p1-0. II, femur = I; tibia v r1-r1-2, p d1-d1-d1; metatarsus v 2 -0-2, p d1-d1-0-1 or 0-d1- 0-1, d 0-1-0. III, femur d 1-1-1; tibia v 2 ap; d 2bas; metatarsus v 2 -r1-2 (x-r 1-x advanced); p 0-1-1; r 1ap; d 0-p1- 2. IV, femur = III; tibia v p1-p1-2, r 0-1-1; metatarsus v 2-2 -2, p d1-1-1, r d1-0-1; d 0-p1-2. Third legs directed forward. Opisthosoma length 2.33, spiracle–epigastrium 1.17, spiracle–spinnerets 0.30. Color in ethanol ( Fig. 1 a, b): Prosoma brown, ocular region slightly darker. Chelicerae brown. Legs yellowish brown with coxae and trochanters slightly lighter. Labium, gnathocoxae and sternum dark brown. Opisthosoma brownish violet, dark, with three whitish dorsal spots, covered by white hairs, two patches of white hairs on posterior end. Venter dark brown. Palp ( Fig. 1 a, b; 3a–c): tibia short, width/length 1.06, RTA sharp, long, thin. Cymbial conductor wide, triangular. Tegulum basal. Sperm duct with two loops at dorsal anterior margin. Embolous long, basal process flat, rounded. Median apophysis apical, thin, hook-shaped. Primare conductor long, with narrow apex. Secondary conductor rounded. Paramedian apophysis with three sclerotized cusps, close to median apophysis.

Female (paratype): Prosoma length 1.97, width 0.97, wider at chelicerae bases and at leg III. Length of tibia/ metatarsus: I, 0.83/0.70; II, 0.83/0.67; III, 0.50/0.53; IV, 0.87/0.67. Chelicerae strong, with thick anterior bristles, three teeth on retromargin, three on promargin. Length of sternum 0.93, with 0.60. Spines: leg I, femur d 1-1-1, p d1ap; tibia v 2-2 -2 (the x-p 1-x displaced to prolateral), p 1-1; metatarsus v 2 bas, p 0-d1-0. II, femur = I; tibia v r1- r1-2, p 1-0-1; metatarsus v 2 -r1-0, p 0-d1-0. III, femur d 1-1-1; tibia v 2 ap; d 2-p1-0; metatarsus v 2 -r1-2 (x-r 1-x advanced); p 0-1-0; r 1ap; d 0-p1- 2. IV, femur =III; tibia v p1-p1-2, r 0-d1-d1; metatarsus v 2 -p1-2, p 0-1-1, r d1-0- 1; d 0-p1-2. Third legs directed forward. Opisthosoma length 2.67, spiracle-epigastrium 1.37, spiracle–spinnerets 0.17. Color in ethanol ( Figs 2 a, b): as in male. Epigyne: Lateral lobes elevated, slightly sclerotized, their limits with median field well defined ( Fig. 2 d). Copulatory ducts coiled. Accessory bulbs with long ducts. Spermathecae irregular, separate ( Fig. 2 c).

Variability. Spines in males: leg I, tibia r 0-1-0; metatarsus p 0-d1-0- 1. II, tibia p 0-d1-d1. Color of male specimen, photographed alive in the field: prosoma, ocular region and chelicerae black. Femur and patella black, covered with white hairs, tibia, metatarsus and tarsus lighter. Opisthosoma black, with three whitish dorsal spots, covered by white hairs and two patches of white hairs on posterior end ( Fig. 4 ).

Natural history. Several specimens were collected in the coastal desert near Paposo , with abundant shrubs, in flowering time ( Fig. 4 c). They were found beating and fogging Euphorbia lactiflua Phil. ( Fig. 4 e), and on foliage and between rocks and leaf litter at the base of Heliotropium shrubs ( Fig. 4 d, probably H. taltalense (Phil.) Jonhst ). No retreats could be observed.

Distribution. Only known from two localities of coastal desert in Antofagasta and Elqui provinces, separated by about 500 km.

Other material examined. Chile, Antofagasta Region (II), Antofagasta Province: Same data as types, 1 male (MACN-Ar 30293); 1 male (MACN-Ar 28948) temporary preparations MAI-1007, MAI-4076. Coquimbo Region (IV), Elqui Province: Elqui, 20 km N La Serena, Rt. 5 Km 491 [approx. S 29.7759° W71.3108°], elev. 120 m, 7 Oct 1992, N. Platnick, P. Goloboff, K. Catley, 3 males (AMNH).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Aysenia paposo new species. a – d male holotype (a dorsal habitus; b ventral habitus c left palp, ventral view; d same, retrolateral view).

FIGURE 2. Aysenia paposo new species. a – d female paratype (a dorsal habitus; b ventral habitus c cleared vulva, dorsal view; d epigyne, ventral view).

FIGURE 3. Aysenia paposo new species, (MACN-Ar 30292) Scanning electron microscope. a left male copulatory bulb, male, prolateral view; b same, ventral view; c same, retrolateral view; d same, apical view.

FIGURE 4. Aysenia paposo new species, and its habitat near Paposo, Chile. a, b Male specimen alive (MACN-Ar 30292), photo Sergio Rothmann Toro; c panoramic view of locality in coastal desert; d habitat between rocks and leaf litter at the base of Heliotropium shrub; e plants of Euphorbia lactiflua.