Parena (Bothynoptera) tesari ( Jedlička, 1951 )

Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin, 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Parena Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Metallicina), Zootaxa 5286 (1), pp. 1-144 : 58-62

[13] Parena (Bothynoptera) tesari ( Jedlička, 1951)

Habitus: Figs 32A–D . Male genitalia: Figs 33 , 34 . Gonocoxites of ovipositor: Fig. 11D .

Jedlička, 1951: 60 (original: Bothynoptera ; type locality: Taiwan: Karenko; holotype in NMPC); Jedlička, 1963: 446 ( Bothynoptera ); Xie & Yu, 1993: 192 (Zhejiang); Kirschenhofer, 2006: 89.

Parena esakii Habu, 1969: 115 (type locality: Taiwan: Taichu-shu; holotype in KUK: Entomological Laboratory of Kyushu University , Japan); Xie & Yu, 1993: 194; Kirschenhofer, 2006: 90 (synonymized with Parena tesari ).

Parena nantouensis Kirschenhofer, 1996: 769 (type locality: Taiwan: Nantou; holotype in NMW: Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Vienne, Austria). Syn. nov.

Parena kataevi Kirschenhofer, 2006: 97 (type locality: Hubei, Muyuping ; holotype in CDW). Syn. nov.

Type material examined. Bothynoptera tesari Jedlička : Holotype (NMPC, Fig. 32A ): female, body length = 10.5 mm, pin mounted, " Formosa / Karenko, -19. / VII 20-VIII 4. / T. Okuni", "TYPUS" [red label]; " Bothynoptera / Tesari sp. n. / det. ING. JEDLIČKA" [pink label].

Parena kataevi Kirschenhofer : Holotype (CDW, Fig. 32B ): female, body length = 10.2 mm, board mounted, " China, W Hubei, 20.-21.VI. / MUYUPING S. env. / 31.45N 110.4E, ~ 1300 m / Jaroslav Turna leg. 2003", "Holotypus / Parena / kataevi sp. n. / det. Kirschenhofer 2004" [red label], "COLL.WRASE / BERLIN".

Notes on types and synonyms. Bothynoptera tesari Jedlička : This species was originally described from a single specimen from Karenko. The female we examined in the collection of NMPC in accord with the original description is undoubtedly the holotype.

Parena esakii Habu : Kirschenhofer (2006) firstly proposed it is a synonym of P. tesari . We agree with this treatment according to the original description and illustrations.

Parena nantouensis Kirschenhofer : We did not examine the type of this species. However, from the description and illustrations in the original description (Kirschenhofer, 1996), this species is almost identical to P. tesari except for its size (slightly smaller) and interval 3 with only two setigerous pores. We examined one specimen of P. tesari from Taiwan with two setigerous pores (the middle one missing) on the right elytron. Thus, we believe that the holotype of P. nantouensis is just an aberrant individual but not representing a separate species.

Parena kataevi Kirschenhofer : This species was described from Hubei, Shennongjia. We examined specimens from Hubei and many other localities in central China that are in accord with it. Their male genitalia are identical to that of P. tesari from Taiwan. Thus, we treat P. kataevi as a junior synonym of P. tesari .

Non-type material examined. China: 2 males (HBUM), " Anhui, Yuexi, Yaoluoping, 2007.VII.30- VIII.4, Ba Yibin, Lang Juntong, Wang Fengyan lgt.". 1 female (HBUM), " Anhui, Yuexi, Yaoluoping nat. resv., 2007.VII.17- 21, Ba Yibin, Lang Juntong, Wang Fengyan lgt.". 1 ex (IZAS), "Tiemushan, 1927.VI.20 ". 1 ex (IZAS), "Tiemushan, 1936.VI.19 ". 1 ex (IZAS), "Tiemushan, 1935.VIII.18 ". 1 ex (IZAS), "T’ienmu Shan, 1936.VII.24, O. Piel coll.". 1 ex (IZAS), "T’ienmu Shan, 1936.VI.16, O. Piel coll.". 1 ex (IZAS), "T’ienmu Shan, 1936.VII.20, O. Piel coll.". 1 ex (IZAS), "Tianmushan, 1947.IX.7 ". 1 ex (IZAS), " Zhejiang, Tianmushan, 1981.IX.5, Zhang Baolin lgt.". 5 ex (IZAS), " Zhejiang, West Tianmushan. Traps. 2018.7.16. Li Chao, 1400 m ". 1 ex (IZAS), " Zhejiang, Tianmushan, 1993.VI, Ma Jufa lgt.". 2 ex (IZAS), "Zehjiang, Tianmushan, 1999.VII". 1 ex (IZAS), " Zhejiang, Tianmushan, 1973.VII.22, Yu Peiyu lgt.". 2 males (IZAS), " Zhejiang, Lin'an W. Tianmushan, 2018.VI, Huang Hao leg." < Fig. 34C >. 1 ex (IZAS), " Jiangxi, Wugongshan, forestry station, on vegetation, N27.44591, E114.18827, 1220 m, 2006. VI.29, Liu Ye, Liang Hongbin, Sota T. Lgt.". 1 ex (IZAS), " Hubei, Xingshan, Longmenhe, light trap, 1200 m, 1993. VI.14, Li Hongxing lgt.". 1 ex (HBUM), " Hubei, Shenongjia, Muyu, 2004.IX.3, Zhang Zhisheng, Chen Huiming lgt.". 1 ex (IZAS), " Hubei, Zhuxi, Quanxi, N32.0686 E109.6614, 856 m, Guo PL. Lgt. 2017.7.13 ". 1 ex (IZAS), " Hubei, Zhuxi, Quanxi, N32.0911 E109.6733, 790 m, Xia ZZ. Lgt. 2017.7.13 ". 4 ex (IZAS), " Hubei, Xuan-en, Shadaogou, Longtan station, 29.6998 109.6511, 631 m, 2016.4.30 D Liang HB., Zhao KD. lgt.". 1 ex (IZAS), " Hunan, Sangzhi, Tianpingshan, 1370-1570 m, 1988.VIII.13, Wang Shuyong lgt.". 1 ex (IZAS), " Hunan, Tianpingshan, 1988.VII.20, Lin Su lgt.". 1 female (HBUM), " Sichuan, Tianquan, Labahe, 2004.VII.29, Yang Xiujuan, Hua Huiran lgt.". 1 female (IZAS), " Sichuan, Emeishan, Xixinsuo, 1300 m, 2012.VIII.10-15, Huang Hao leg.". 1 female (CCCC), " Sichuan, Emeishan, Xixinsuo, 1350 m, 2017.V.24, Yang Xiaodong leg.". 1 male (IZAS), " Guizhou, Zunyi, Kuankuoshui, 2010.VI.3, Wang Zhiliang lgt.". 1 ex (IZAS), " Guizhou, Leishan, Lanhuaping, 1500-2100 m, 2005.IX.16, Liu Ye lgt.". 1 ex (IZAS), " Guizhou, Leishan, Leigongshan, 1170 m, 1988.VII.3, Zhang Xiaochun lgt.". 1 male (HBUM), " Guizhou, Leigongshan, 2005.IX.13-14, Wang Jiliang, Gao Chao lgt.". 1 ex (IZAS), " Guizhou, Daozhen, Dashahe, 1420 m, 2006.V.13-16, Tang Yi lgt.". 1 ex (HBUM), " Guizhou, Daozhen, Sanqiao, Yu Yang lgt., 2004.V.27 ". 1 male (HBUM), " Guizhou, Daozhen, Yangsui, 2004.V.31, Yu Yang lgt.". 1 ex (IZAS), " Guizhou, Jiangkou, Fanjingshan, Huixiangping, 1775 m, 2009.VI.22, Lin Wensin lgt.". 1 female (IZAS), " Yunnan, Jinping, Fenshuiling, 1870 m, 2009.V.27, Bi Wenxuan leg." < Fig. 32D >. 1 male (IZAS), " Yunnan, Jinping, Fenshuiling, 1900 m, 2010.IV.15, Zhu Xiaoyu leg." < Fig. 34A >. 1 ex (CCCC), "Nantou county, Ren'ai, Songgang, 1994.VIII.24, Chen Changchin lgt.". 1 ex (CCCC), " Nantou county, Ren'ai, Nanshanhsi, 1993.VII.1, Chen Changchin lgt.". 2 ex (CCCC), "Nantou, Puli, Guandaoshan, 1993.VI.15, Chen Changchin lgt.". 1 ex (CCCC), " Nantou county, Ren'ai, Songgang, 2000 m, 1995.IV.17, Lo Chinchi lgt.". 5 ex (CCCC), " Nantou county, Ren'ai, Songgang, 1994.VIII.16 " < Fig. 11D >. 1 male (CCCC), "Taiwan, Nantou, Renai, N. Dongyanshan, 1800 m, 2010.IV.22, Chou Wen-I leg.". 1 ex (SYUM), "Formose Musha (Wuse), Teichung Distr., 1000 m, 1947.VIII.24, J. Linsley, Gressitt". 1 ex (CCCC), "Hsinchu county, Wufeng, Talu Forest Road, 1994.V.8 ". 1 ex (CCCC), " Hsinchu county, Wufeng, Talu Forest Road, 1993.VII.17, Chen Changchin lgt.". 1 ex (CCCC), " Hsinchu county, Wufeng, Taping, 1994.VI.12, Chen Changchin lgt.". 1 ex (CCCC), "Taiwan, Hsinchu county, Wufeng, Meikang, 1994.IX.10, Chen Changchin lgt.". 2 ex (CCCC), "Taiwan, Hsinchu county, Jianshi, Ninglao vill., 1997.VI.1, Chen Changchin lgt.". 1 ex (CCCC), "Hsinchu county, Jianshi, 2005.IV.21, Chen Changchin lgt.". 1 ex (CCCC), " Hsinchu county, Skaru, 2005.VIII.29 ". 2 males (CCCC), "Taiwan, Taitung county, Haiduan, 1996.V.18, Chen Changchin lgt." < Fig. 34B >. 1 ex (CCCC), "Taiwan, Taoyuan county, Fuxing county, Siling, 1996.V.20, Chen Changchin lgt.". 1 ex (CCCC), "Taiwan, Hualien county, Ruisui Forest Road, 1996.VII.5, Chou Wen-I lgt.". 1 ex (CCCC), "Taipei county, Sanxia, Shizaitou, 1994.IX.5 ". 1 male (CCCC), "Taiwan, Miaoli county, Sanyi, Guandaoshan, 1995.VII.2 " < Figs 32C , 33 >. 1 female (IZAS), "Taiwan, Hsinpei, Beichatianshan, 1700 m, 2020.VI.12, Huang Jialong lgt." < Fig. 5E >. 3 ex (MTMB), "Taiwan, Ilan county, Mingchyh Forest, Recreation area, 1200 m, at light, 5.IV.2001, leg. Gy. Fabian & O. Merkl". Vietnam: 1 male (CRS), "N. Vietnam Mt. Fan-sipan N-Seite Cha-pa (=Sapa) 1525 m 22.17' N 103.44 'E, prim. Urwald 28.x.- 3.xi.1994 ". 1 ex (MNHN), "Chapa, Tonkin". 1 male (IZAS), "Vietnam, LaoCai Prov., SaPa, Hoang Lien National Park, 2009.VII.5-9, Li Hu leg."

Comparisons. P. tesari is different from other species of subgenus Bothynoptera (except for P. obscura ) in having the elongate tempora, which are gradually narrowed behind eyes. In other species, the tempora are very short and abruptly narrowed behind the eyes with the length of tempora plus neck-constriction approximately one-third of the diameter of the eye.

Description. Body length 8.8–11.0 mm. Dorsum reddish brown to piceous; in dark color specimens, legs, antennae, and mouthparts distinctly lighter than body. Tempora gradually narrowed behind eyes, tempora plus neck-constriction two-thirds as long as eyes; vertex often with a pair of additional short setae postermedial to the posterior supraorbital seta; mentum with a pair of short setae. Pronotum nearly quadrate, PW/PL = 1.20–1.32, much narrower than head in most specimens, PW/HW = 0.85–0.95; lateral explanations narrow; widest at anterior third, slightly rounded at anterior half, and then clearly sinuate before posterior angles in most specimens; posterior angles nearly rectangular, more or less pointed outward. Elytra wide, slightly dilated to apex, surface without microsculpture; striae not incised or shallowly incised, with fine puncture rows in striae; intervals flat or slightly convex, with fine and sparse punctures; interval 3 with three setigerous pores, only two in some specimens; apical truncation indistinct, evenly rounded, sutural angles indistinct. Males with uniseriate adhesive setae on apical half of mesotarsomere 2 and biseriate adhesive setae on nearly full length of mesotarsomere 3. Apex of abdominal sternite VII with three setae on each side in both sexes, four pairs present in a few specimens. Median lobe of aedeagus slender (AL/AW = 4.5–4.8), apical lamella laminar, LL subequal to LW, slightly narrowed to apex, apex rounded. Endophallus with relatively small primary sclerite, flared basal expansion straight, apical flagellum very short, ending at basal third of median lobe; apical sclerite small and well defined, basal core elongate; basal sheath well scaled, apical sheath composed of three heavily scaled regions; squamate sac not divided, large and elongated, near middle of median lobe, right to squamate sheath. Gonocoxite II of ovipositor nearly quadrate, length slightly greater than basal width, apex slightly concave, with three or four ensiform setae on outer angle, and two or three on inner angle.

Distribution ( Map 7 , blue). China (Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Taiwan), Vietnam.

Geographical variation. This species ranges throughout southern China. Its external features vary slightly and geographically in the following aspects:

(1) Coloration: Dorsum is gradually darker from north to south. In most parts of China, the dorsum is always reddish brown. In southern provinces such as Taiwan and Yunnan, the dorsum is often nearly piceous, but dark brown individuals occur there as well.

(2) Elytra striae: For specimens from most localities of China, elytra striae are well incised and intervals slightly convex. However, for specimens from Yunnan and Vietnam ( Fig. 32D ), the elytra striae are so shallow that striae 7 and 8 are hardly visible in the apical half.

(3) Vertex setae: For specimens from mainland China and Vietnam, there is a pair of additional setae on vertex, which are shorter than the primary posterior supraorbital setae and placed posteromedial to them. However, such additional setae are absent from all specimens examined from Taiwan.

Based on the above external differences, P. tesari can be divided into three populations: Taiwan, S. Yunnan + N. Vietnam, and other localities of China. We do not think they should be treated as subspecies because their male genitalia are almost identical ( Fig. 34 ).

Figures

FIGURE 5. Elytral apex (left) of Parena spp. A P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Cameroon. B P. (Parena) ruficornis sp. n., Central Africa, paratype. C P. (Parena) valeriae Facchini, holotype. D P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. E P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n., Laos, paratype. G P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Japan. H P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Beijing. J P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Japan. Scale bars = 0.5mm

MAP 7. Distributions for species in the Parena (Bothynoptera) tesari group

FIGURE 11. Gonocoxites (left side) of ovipositor for Parena spp., ventral side (dorsal side for fig. Q). A–J subgenus Bothynoptera: A P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp.n., Laos, paratype. B P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Shaanxi. C P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Guangdong. D P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Shaanxi. G P. (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes), Taiwan. H P. (Bothynoptera) quadrisignata Mateu, Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) emarginata sp. n., holotype. J P. (Bothynoptera) triguttata sp. n., Sichuan, paratype. K–X subgenus Parena: K P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, Sulawesi. L P. (Parena) rubripicta Andrewes, Yunnan. M P. (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. N P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. O P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., Borneo, paratype. P P. (Parena) andrewesi Jedlička, Philippine. Q P. (Parena) politissima (Chaudoir), Vanuatu. R P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Guizhou. S P. (Parena) circumdata Shibata, Taiwan. T P. (Parena) pendleburyi Andrewes, Borneo. U P. (Parena) fulva sp. n., Zimbabwe, paratype. V P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. W P. (Parena) ruficornis sp.n., CentralAfrica, paratype. X P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Uganda. Y–γ subgenus Crossoglossa: Y P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Taiwan. Z P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), Yunnan. α P. (Crossoglossa) testacea (Chaudoir), Zhejiang. β P. (Crossoglossa) sulawesiensis Kirschenhofer, Sulawesi. γ P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. Scale bar = 0.2mm.

FIGURE 32. Habitus of Parena (Bothynoptera) tesari species group. A Holotype of Parena tesari (Jedlička). B Holotype of Parena kataevi Kirschenhofer [=Parena tesari (Jedlička)]. C P. tesari (Jedlička), male from Taiwan. D P. tesari (Jedlička), fe- male from Yunnan. E Holotype of Parena obscura Mateu. F P. obscura Mateu, male from Nepal. Scale bars = 2 mm.

FIGURE 33. Median lobe of male genitalia for Parena (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), right-lateral (r), ventral (v), left-lateral (l), and dorsal (d) views, Taiwan. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 34. Median lobe of male genitalia for Parena (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička) from different localities, left-lateral (l) and dorsal (d) views: A Yunnan. B Taiwan. C Zhejiang. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.