Botryocladia enteromorpha (Harvey) W.E. Schmidt, Lozada-Troche, D.L.Ballantine et Fredericq, 2017

Schmidt, W. E., Lozada-Troche, C., Ballantine, D. L., Arakaki, N., Gabriel, D., Norris, J. N. & Fredericq, S., 2017, Taxonomic transfer of the red algae Chrysymenia enteromorpha and C. wrightii to the genus Botryocladia (Rhodymeniaceae, Rhodymeniales), Phytotaxa 324 (2), pp. 122-138 : 129

Botryocladia enteromorpha (Harvey) W.E. Schmidt, Lozada-Troche, D.L.Ballantine et Fredericq , comb. nov.

Figures 3–14

BASIONYM: Chrysymenia enteromorpha Harvey 1853 , Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge 5(5): pp. 187–188.

TYPE LOCALITY: Key West, Florida, USA.

DISTRIBUTION: All references below as “ Chrysymenia enteromorpha ”: NE Atlantic: Canary Islands ( Price et al. 1986; Haroun et al. 2002). W Atlantic: Bermuda, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida ( Schneider and Searles 1991), Caribbean ( Taylor 1960, Littler and Littler 2000, Ballantine and Aponte 2002, Wynne 2011, Guiry and Guiry 2017), NW Gulf of Mexico: Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary, Outer Shelf Banks ( Rezak et al. 1985, Gavio and Fredericq 2005; Fredericq et al. 2009). SE Atlantic: Ghana ( Price et al. 1986, Lawson and John 1987). Indian Ocean: Bangladesh, Seychelles ( Silva et al. 1996). This species has not been collected again from offshore Louisiana in the NW Gulf of Mexico following the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil Spill ( Fredericq et al. 2014, Felder et al. 2014).

MATERIAL EXAMINED: Campeche Banks, Mexico: SW Gulf of Mexico, LAF-NSF-II-17-6 ( WES33 ), 22˚15’150” N, 90˚43’290” W, 7.vi.2005, 52–53 m depth ; LAF-NSF-II-83-5 ( WES24 ), 21˚36’540” N, 91˚04’600” W, 15.vi.2005, 29– 20 m depth ; LAF-NSF-II-96-21, 22˚08’004” N, 91˚23’670” W, 17.vi.2005, 52–53 m depth. Caribbean Sea : Puerto Rico, 1.5 Km seaward of Media Luna Reef, La Parguera, 17m, 22.xii.2003, coll. DLB (CLT-143) ; and Margarita Reef, La Parguera, Puerto Rico, 24m, 7.vii.2006, coll. DLB and H. Ruiz (CLT-201) .

HABIT, VEGETATIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURE: Thalli are elongated, sparsely branched vesicles ( Figs 3–4 ) comprising a main axis that is slightly wider than the secondary and tertiary vesicular branches. Young vesicles, as lateral branches, are strongly constricted at their bases ( Fig. 5 ).

The medullary layer is monostromatic, composed of large hexagonal cells ( Fig. 6 ). The larger medullary cells at their margin are subtended by 1–2 layers of small, pigmented surface cortical cells ( Figs 7–8 ). Mature specimens have nearly complete surface cortication ( Fig. 7 ), while in younger specimens the surface cortication is incomplete except for medullary glandiferous cells ( Figs 7–8 ). Medullary cells that cut off gland cells ( Fig. 9 ) are often corticated as opposed to medullary cells that do not bear gland cells ( Figs. 7–8 ). Gland cells are pyriform ( Figs 8–9 ). The middle portion of the stipe is of solid construction, lacking internal filaments ( Figs 10–11 ). Tetrasporangia are cruciately divided ( Fig. 12 ) and scattered over the thallus surface. A centrally located ostiole in the pericarp ( Fig. 13 ) surrounds a carposporophyte of which all gonimoblast cells convert into carposporangia ( Fig. 14 ).

REPRESENTATIVE SEQUENCES: KT154688, KT154689 (rbc L); EF690270, EF690269 ( SSU rDNA).

Figures

FIGURES 3–14. Botryocladia enteromorpha (Harvey) W.E. Schmidt, C. Lozada-Troche, D.L. Ballantine et Fredericq, comb. nov. Vicinity of the Florida Middle Grounds: Figs. 2, 12–13.LAF-NSF-III-7-9-06-9-2, Fig. 3. LAF-NSF-III-7-5-06-3-7. Campeche Banks: Figs. 4–10, LAF-NSF-II-78-3, Fig. 11. LAF-NSF-II-96-21. 3) Habit of female gametophyte with cystocarps. Scale bar 2 cm. 4) Habit of non-reproductive thallus. Scale bar 1 cm. 5) Surface view of young branch on main axis with constricted base (arrow). Scale bar 40 μm. 6) Surface view of mature specimen with nearly complete cortication.Scale bar 40 μm.7) Surface view of younger specimen with incomplete cortication except for glandiferous cells bearing gland cells (arrow). Scale bar 40 μm. 8) Surface view of medullary, glandiferous, and gland cells (arrow). Scale bar 40 μm. 9) Cross section through vesicle wall with glandiferous cell bearing three gland cells (arrow). Scale bar 40 μm. 10) Cross section through holdfast. Scale bar 0.5 mm. 11) Organization of cortical and medullary cells in holdfast cross section. Scale bar 100 μm. 12) Surface view of cortex with cruciately divided tetrasporangia (arrowhead). Scale bar 40 μm. 13) Surface view of pericarp ostiole topping carposporophyte. Scale bar 100 μm. 14) Longitudinal section through carposporophyte. Scale bar 100 μm.