Cloeodes aymore, Massariol, Fabiana Criste & Salles, Frederico Falcão, 2011

Massariol, Fabiana Criste & Salles, Frederico Falcão, 2011, Two new species of Cloeodes Traver (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from Espírito Santo, Southeastern Brazil, Zootaxa 3058, pp. 1-21 : 7-20

Cloeodes aymore , sp. nov.

( Figs. 3 , 7−10 , 23−34 , 40−45 , 47, 49 , 53−55 )

Diagnoses. Nymphs. 1) Segment VI of abdominal terga with a anteromedial subtriangular dark mark ( Fig. 7 ); 2) Labrum with dorsal arc of setae composed of 1 + 0 + 3 setae ( Fig. 23 a); 3) Segment III of labial palp rounded and covered with spine-like setae along margins and ventral surface ( Fig. 28 ); 4) Fore femur with apex projected, with 2 blunt setae ( Fig. 30 a); 5) Posterior margin of terga with long spines often intercalated by short spines, both slightly outwardly ( Fig. 32 a) (in some individual, see comments bellow, spines can be regular - Fig. 32 b); 6) Caudal filaments with posterior margin of segments with short spines on each segments and long spines on every two segments on cercus and every four segments on terminal filament.

Adults. Male Imago. 1) Abdominal terga with segments I, VII −X brown and II −VI translucent whitish; segment IV with kidney-like median brown mark ( Fig. 40 ); 2) Marginal intercalaries absent between Sc-R1 and CuP- A ( Fig. 47 a); 3) Hind wing present; costal process hooked, located on basal third ( Fig. 47 b); 4) Hind wing with 2 complete longitudinal veins ( Fig. 47 b); 5) Posterior margin of subgenital plate truncate ( Fig. 49 ). Female imago. 1) Abdominal sterna yellowish with lateral dark brown marks on segments II −VIII in the female imago ( Fig. 44 ); 2) Hind wing present; costal process hooked, located on basal third; 3) Hind wing with 2 complete longitudinal veins.

Description. Nymph

Length. Body: 5.0– 7.5 mm; cerci: 2.5–3.0 mm; terminal filament: 2.5–3.0 mm; antenna: 1.9 mm.

Head ( Figs. 7, 8 , 53 ). Coloration: yellowish white with a light brown mark between compound eyes and lateral ocellus. Vertex brown with yellowish vermiform marks. Frons with dark brown stripe extending from lateral ocellus and almost reaching the clipeo base. Turbinate portion of male compound eyes orangenish brown.

Antenna yellowish; short, 1.6× the length of head capsule.

Labrum ( Figs. 23 a, b). Rectangular, broader than long; length about 0.8× maximum width; dorsal surface flat; distal margin with medial emargination and small process. Dorsally with few short, fine, simple setae scattered over surface and scale-bases; dorsal arc of setae composed of 1 + 0 + 3 long, spine-like setae; lateral margin bare. Ventrally with submarginal row of setae decreasing in length toward medial region, composed of lateral and anterolateral frayed and bifurcated at middle; medial setae frayed and bifurcated at base ( Fig. 23 b); ventral surface with 4 short, blunt setae near lateral and anterolateral margin.

Left mandible ( Fig. 24 ). Inner and outer set of incisors respectively with apparently 3 + 4 denticles. Prostheca robust, apically denticulate and with comb-shape structure at apex. Margin between prostheca and mola straight, without crenulations; tuft of setae absent; tuft of spine-like setae at base of mola present; subtriangular process wide, above level of area between prostheca and mola; denticles of mola not constricted; tuft of setae at apex of mola absent. Lateral margins almost straight; bare. Basal half with scale bases.

Right mandible ( Fig. 25 ). Inner and outer set of incisors respectively with apparently 3 + 4 denticles. Prostheca slender, bifurcated at middle, inner lobe long, outer short and both pectinate. Margin between prostheca and mola slightly convex, without setae; tuft of setae absent; tuft of spine-like setae at base of mola present; tuft of setae at apex of mola present, reduced to a single setae. Lateral margins almost straight; bare. Basal half with scale bases.

Hypopharynx ( Fig. 26 ). Lingua subequal in length to superlingua; apex convex; with short, fine, simple setae; distal half not expanded. Superlingua not expanded; fine, simple setae scattered over lateral and distal margin; basal half of lateral margin with short, spine-like setae.

Maxilla ( Fig. 27 ). Crown of galea-lacinia with 4 denticles, inner denticle opposed to outer denticles; inner dorsal row of setae with 2 denti-setae, pectinate and bifurcated at base. Medial protuberance of galea with 1 short, spine-like setae + 5 long setae. Maxillary palp subequal in length of galea-lacinia; two segmented; setae on maxillary palp fine, simple setae scattered over surface and micropores on segment I; palp segment II 1.6× length of segment I; apex of last segment smooth and acute.

Labium ( Fig. 28 ). Glossa basally broad, narrowing apically and subequal in length to paraglossa; inner margin with 16 long, spine-like setae increasing in length apically; outer margin with 12–13 long, spine-like setae increasing in length distally; ventral surface with one row of 6 simple setae near inner margin. Paraglossa sub-rectangular or straight, curved only at apex; apex with 2 rows of spine-like setae; outer margin with row of 13 long, spine-like setae; dorsally a row of 4 long setae near inner margin; ventrally with a curved row of 9 spine-like setae near inner margin. Labial palp with segment I 1.0× length of segments II and III combined; segment I covered with few short, simple setae and micropore near to outer margin; segment II without distomedial protuberance; inner margin bare; outer margin bare; dorsally with row of 6 spine-like, simple setae; segment III rounded; length 1.1× width; covered with spine-like simple setae along margins and ventral surface.

Thorax ( Figs. 7 , 53 ). Yellowish washed with light brown. Fore wing pads yellowish.

Hind wing pads present.

Fore leg ( Fig. 29 ). Coxa yellowish washed with light brown. Trocanter yellowish white. Femur yellowish washed with brown, except basal third yellowish white. Tibia yellowish white except basal and distal margins brown. Tarsus brown. Ratio of fore leg 1.2:0.6:0.8: 0.2 mm.

Fore femur. Length about 4.5× maximum width; dorsally with a row of 9 blunt setae (in lateral view they look like spine-like setae); length of setae about 0.1× maximum width of femur; apex projected; with 2 blunt setae ( Fig. 30 a); ventrally with 13 short, spine-like setae; anterior surface with abundant micropore, scale-bases and spine-like setae near the base of ventral margin.

Tibia. Dorsally with a row of abundant, fine, simple setae; ventrally with row of 11 short, fine, spine-like setae, apex with pectinate setae; anterior surface with abundant scale-base and micropore; tibio-patelar suture present. Subtending bristle present ( Fig. 31 ).

Tarsus. Dorsally bare; ventrally with a row of 15–16 spine-like setae and one long lanceolate setae near the apex; tarsal claw bare.

Mid and hind legs. Similar to fore leg, except for: mid and hind femur brown except basal and distal third yellowish; tarsus basally brown and became lighter toward apex. Hind femur dorsally with row of 5 blunt setae (in lateral view they look like spine-like setae). Subapical projections of femur less developed on mid leg and practically absent on hind leg ( Figs. 30 a, b, c).

Abdomen ( Figs. 7, 8 , 53 ). Yellowish white washed with brown to dark brown. Segments V, VI, IX and anterior half of X shaded with brown; segment VI with a anteromedial subtriangular dark mark; segments II −VII with smooth, yellowish sublateral area. Sterna yellowish white with segment IX shaded with brown; sublateral brown marks on segments II −VI; lateral margins of segments V and VI brown.

Terga. S urface with abundant scale-bases and micropore. Posterior margin with long spines (2.7× as long as wide) often intercalated by short spines (2.2× as long as wide), both slightly outwardly ( Fig. 32 a). Spines present in posterior margin of segments: III −X.

Sterna . Spines present in posterior margin of segments: IV −IX.

Gill ( Figs. 33 a, b). Opaque; trachea dark greyish, inner and outer margins brown. Margin with broad spines and short, fine, simple setae ( Fig. 33 b). Tracheae extending from main trunk to inner and outer margins. Gill I subequal in length to segment II; oval. Gill IV as long as length of segments V to half VI combined; oval. Gill VII about 1.5 length of segment VIII; oblong and obliquely truncate.

Paraproct ( Fig. 34 ). With 11–12 marginal spines; surface with abundant scale-bases and micropores; posterolateral extension with blunt marginal spines.

Caudal filaments. Yellowish white with one brown band subdistally and one brown band distally ( Fig. 53 ). Posterior margin of segments with short spines on each segment, and long spines on every two segments on cercus and every four segments on terminal filament. Inner margin of cercus and inner and outer margin of terminal filament with tufts of long, flat setae.

Male imago

Length. Body: 5.0 mm; fore wing: 5.5 mm; hind wing: 1.1 mm; tibia II: 1.1 mm; tibia III: 0.9 mm; caudal filament: broken.

Head ( Figs. 40, 42, 43 , 54 ). Coloration brown, except yellowish region between ocellus.

Turbinate portion of compound eyes yellow dorsally, stalk orangish. Dorsal portion of turbinate eyes oblong; length 1.5× width; stalk height 0.7× width of dorsal portion; inner margins parallel, close to each other.

Thorax ( Figs. 40, 42 , 54 ) dark brown.

Anteronotal protuberance rounded.

Metascutellar protuberance posteriorly pointed.

Legs. Whitish except margins brown. Apex of tarsomeres brown. Leg II: tibia 1.2× length of femur; tarsus 0.3× length of femur. Leg III: tibia 1.1× length of femur; tarsus 0.3× length of femur.

Fore wing ( Fig. 47 a). Hyaline, except between C and R1 opaque; longitudinal and cross veins yellowish brown. Stigmatic area with 2 cross veins touching or almost touching subcostal vein and 2 veins not touching subcostal vein; marginal intercalary veins paired, except between veins R1-R2, ICu2-CuP single and between veins Sc-R1, CuP-A absent; length of each intercalary vein between IMA and IMA2 0.7 and 0.4× distance between adjacent longitudinal veins; length of fore wing about 2.7× width.

Hind wing present ( Fig. 47 b). Hyaline; veins yellowish brown; with 2 complete longitudinal veins. Costal process hooked; located on basal third.

Abdomen ( Figs. 40, 42 , 54 ). Terga. Segments I, VII −X brown; II −VI translucent whitish; membrane between II −VII dark brown; segment IV with kidney-like median dark brown mark; 2/3 of segment VI medially with brown mark; segments II −VI with brown mark laterally. Tracheation dark brown. Sterna . Segments I, VII −IX brown; segments II −VI translucent whitish.

Genitalia. ( Figs. 45 , 49 ) Segment I brown, II and III brown and lighter toward apex. Forceps segment I subrectangular; 0.3× length of segment II; distance between base of forceps 1.0× distance between lateral margins of forceps. Forceps segment II medially with constriction. Forceps segment III elongated, 1.6× as long as wide; 0.1× length of segment II. Posterior margin of subgenital plate truncate.

Female Imago

Length. Body: 4.5 mm; fore wing: 6.0 mm; hind wing: 1.0 mm; tibia II: 1.1 mm; tibia III: 0.9 mm; caudal filament: broken.

Head ( Figs. 41, 44 , 55 ). Coloration yellowish white. Compound eyes black.

Thorax ( Figs. 41, 44 , 55 ) Pronotum yellowish white with brown marks. Mesonotum brown, anteronotal protuberance and medioscutum washed with grey; scutellum whitish and posterior scutal protuberance washed with grey. Metanotum brown.

Anteronotal protuberance rounded.

Metascutellar protuberance posteriorly pointed.

Legs. Whitish with orange band on apex of femur and with brown mark on apex of tibia and tarsomeres. Leg II: tibia 1.1× length of femur; tarsus 0.3× length of femur. Leg III: tibia 1.0× length of femur; tarsus 0.2× length of femur.

Fore wing. Hyaline, except between C and R1 opaque; longitudinal and cross veins dark yellowish white. Stigmatic area with 2 cross veins touching or almost touching subcostal vein and 2 veins not touching subcostal vein; marginal intercalary veins paired, except between veins R1-R2, ICu2-CuP single and between veins Sc-R1, CuP-A absent; length of each intercalary vein between IMA and IMA2 0.4× and 0.2× distance between adjacent longitudinal veins; length of fore wing about 2.8× width.

Hind wing present. Hyaline; veins dark yellowish white; with 2 complete longitudinal veins. Costal process hooked; located on basal third.

Abdomen ( Figs. 41, 44 , 55 ). Terga yellowish washed with brown, except median region of segments II −IX translucent; unpigmented area wider toward base of abdomen. Segments IV −VI similar to male imago. Anterolateral corner of segments II −VII with circular unpigmented area. Tracheation dark brown. Sterna yellowish with sublateral dark brown subtriangular marks on segments II −VIII.

Etymology. The specific epithet is the foreign name for a tribe of South American Indians of eastern Brazil (including the State of Espírito Santo), also known as botocudos.

Distribution ( Fig. 3 ). Brazil - Espírito Santo (Águia Branca, Brejetuba, Domingos Martins, Fundão, Ibitirama, Itaguaçú, Itarana, Iúna, Santa Teresa), Minas Gerais (Alto Caparaó, Espera Feliz).

Material examined. Holotype. Male imago with corresponding nymphal exuviae, Brazil, Espírito Santo, Parque Nacional do Caparaó, Ibitirama, Pedra Roxa River, 20/iv/2008, 20°23'48.1''S / 41°44'08.1''W, Salles, F.F., Massariol, F.C., Boldrini, R., Lima, M.M. and Britto, P.V.A. col ( INPA). Paratypes. Five nymphs, Brazil, Espírito Santo, Parque Nacional do Caparaó, Ibitirama, Tecnotruta River, propriedade "Sonho meu", 21/iv/2008, rock, moderate current, Salles, F.F., Massariol, F.C., Boldrini, R., Lima, M.M. and Britto, P.V.A. col. (three at CEUNES, two at DZRJ). Five nymphs, same locality, data and collectors, marginal vegetation (three at CEUNES, two at IML). Additional material. PT 01: (26N) 02/i/2009, PT 01: (18N) 23/ii/2009, PT 03: (7N) 23/iv/2008, PT 03: (5N) 26/ iii/2009, PT 04: (4N) 23/iii/2009, PT 05: (1N) 17/ii/2011, PT 06: (73N) 18/ii/2011, PT 07: (310N) 26/iii/2011, PT 07: (4A) 26/iii/2011, PT 08: (26N) 27/iii/2009, PT 09: (7N) 22/iv/2008, PT 10: (1N) 23/iv/2008, PT 11: (6N) 25/ iii/2009, PT 12: (12N) 02/xii/2010, PT 12: (16N) 03/xii /21010, PT 13: (25N) 21/iv/2008, PT 14: (50N) 21/iv/ 2008, PT 15: (11A) 20/iv/2008, PT 15: (8N) 20/iv/2008, PT 16: (11N) 20/iv/2008, PT 17: (2N) 21/iv/2008, PT 18: (9N) 07/ii/2011, PT 19: (6N) 10/ii/2011, PT 20: (7N) 10/ii/2011, PT 21: (61N) 21/iv/2008, PT 22: (2N) 24/iii/ 2009, PT 23: (1N) 16/xi/2007, PT 23: (6N) 19/i/2008, PT 23: (2N) 26/x/2008, PT 24: (1N) 26/x/2008, PT 24: (2N) 18/ii/2009, PT 25: (1N) 19/i/2008, PT 25: (2N) 25/x/2008, PT 26: (14N) 20/i/2008, PT 26: (5N) 25/x/2008, PT 26: (2N) 19/ii/2009, PT 27: (6N) 26/x/2008, PT 28: (7N) 20/ii/2009, PT 29: (6N) 08/ii/2011 (CEUNES).

Life cycle association. Rearing.

Biology. As in C. itajara and several other species (see above), most of the nymphs of the new species were found in rocky substrates, such as slab and stones, preferable in areas with low or no current. However, a significant proportion of nymphs were also collected in sand in moderate flow, besides marginal vegetation and gravel.

Figures

FIGURES 2 − 3. Geographic distribution of new species of Cloeodes from Espírito Santo. 2. Cloeodes itajara. 3. C. aymore.

FIGURES 7 − 10. Cloeodes aymore, nymph. 7. Dorsal view. 8. Ventral view. 9. Dorsal view (intraspecific variation). 10. Ventral view (intraspecific variation).

FIGURES 23 − 28. Cloeodes aymore, nymph. 23. Labrum (a, left d. v., right v. v., b, details of submarginal row of ventral setae). 24. Left mandible (d. v.). 25. Right mandible (d. v.). 26. Hypopharynx (d. v.). 27. Maxilla (v. v.). 28. Labium (a, left d. v., right v. v.).

FIGURES 29 − 34. Cloeodes aymore, nymph. 29. Fore leg, anterior surface. 30. Projections of femur apex (a, fore femur, b, mid femur, c, hind femur). 31. Subtending bristle, anterior surface. 32. Posterior margin of terga IV. 33. Gill IV (a, general appearance, b, details of gill margin). 34. Paraproct (d. v.).

FIGURES 40 − 45. Cloeodes aymore, male and female imago. 40. Dorsal view, male. 41. Dorsal view, female. 42. Lateral view, male. 43. Head, lateral view, male. 44. Lateral view, female. 45. Genitalia, v. v., male.

FIGURES 46 − 49. Wings and genitalia of new species of Cloeodes. 46. Wings of C. itajara (a, fore wing, b, hind wing). 47. Wings of C. aymore (a, fore wing, b, hind wing). 48. Male genitalia of C. itajara. 49. Male genitalia of C. aymore.

FIGURES 53 − 55. Cloeodes aymore. 53. Nymph, d. v. 54. Male imago, l. v. 55. Female imago, l. v.