Camaena cicatricosa ( Mueller , 1774)

Ding, Hong-Li, Wang, Pei, Qian, Zhou-Xing, Lin, Jun-Hong, Zhou, Wei-Chuan, Hwang, Chung-Chi & Ai, Hong-Mu, 2016, Revision of sinistral land snails of the genus Camaena (Stylommatophora, Camaenidae) from China based on morphological and molecular data, with description of a new species from Guangxi, China, ZooKeys 584, pp. 25-48 : 30

Taxon classification Animalia Stylommatophora Camaenidae

Camaena cicatricosa ( Mueller, 1774) Figs 3A, 4A, Table 4

Helix cicatricosa Müller, 1774: 42; Chemnitz 1786: 90-91, pl. 109, fig. 923; Albers 1850: 85; Férussac and Deshayes 1850: 168-169, pl. 41, fig. 1-2; Martens 1867: 47.

Nanina (Ariophanta) cicatricosa , Beck 1837: 5.

Helix (Camaena) cicatrosa , Adams and Adams 1855: 189 [sic.]

Helix (Camaena) cicatricosa , Pilsbry 1891: 198, pl. 21, fig. 45-47; Fischer 1898: 314.

Camaena (Camaena) cicatricosa , Pilsbry 1894: 103, pl. 19, fig. 8; Zilch 1964: 243, 1960 [in 1959-1960]: 606, fig. 2125.

Camaena cicatricosa , Fischer and Dautzenberg 1904: 399; Dautzenberg and Fischer 1906: 353, 355; Yen 1939: 123, pl. 12, fig. 32; Solem 1992: 7-8, figs 1-3; Chen and Gao 1987: 100-101, fig. 129; Schileyko 2003: 1511, fig. 1947, 2011: 41; Hwang 2011: 5, fig. 2; Wang et al. 2014; Qian and Zhou 2014: 123.

Type locality.

Unknown.

Material examined.

See Table 4.

Diagnosis.

Shell sinistral, medium sized, thick, depressed-globular, yellowish brown, with obtuse apex and high dome-shaped spire; with 5 1/2 rapidly increasing and rather flat whorls separated by deep suture; body whorl convex, not descending behind the aperture; periphery bluntly angulate, becoming round behind aperture. Sculpture of fine, dense, irregular and oblique wrinkles and malleation, with low radiate folds below suture. Aperture roundly lunate, white inside, with curved margin. Peristome white, expanded, slightly reflected, thickened and glossy; columellar margin expanded; inner lip thin, callous. Basal lip curved, forming an obtuse angle at junction with straight and oblique columellar lip. Umbilicus half covered by reflected columellar lip. Color pattern of numerous wavy, reddish brown spiral bands of various thickness; subperipheral and subsutural bands much wider (Fig. 3A)

Penis swollen, tapering distally, with a rounded bulge in correspondence of verge. Epiphallus thin with short, thin and wide penis retractor muscle. Flagellum slender, tapering distally. Vas deferens long and thin. Vagina long and thin, thickened proximally. Bursa copulatrix oval with medium-lengthened and thin pedunculus, expanded at base. Verge long, conic, with dense, weak longitudinal grooves. Inner penial wall supporting longitudinal, prominent and narrowly spaced pilasters (Fig. 4A).

Distribution.

Guangdong Province to Nanning, Guangxi (Fig. 1).

Ecology.

This species is locally found in high densities in a variety of habitats, which include virgin forests, semi-natural woodland, farmlands and even urban parks. Animals breed during April to September, and reach sexual maturity at 7-8 months of age ( Xiao 1989).

Comparative remarks.

Distinguished from all the other sinistral species of Camaena by its smaller size, having half opened umbilicus, and thin shell, as well as by having only longitudinal pilasters on the inner penial wall, and a long conical penial verge with longitudinal wrinkles. The shell is similar in size as Camaena inflata , but the latter differs by having a more globular shape and thicker shell, more convex whorls, and narrowly-spaced transverse wrinkles on the inner penial wall and penial verge.