Caryanda cyanonota, Mao & Li, 2015

Mao, Ben-Yong & Li, Miao, 2015, Proposal of the Caryanda amplexicerca-species group (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) with description of two new species from China, Zoological Systematics 40 (4), pp. 451-458 : 454-456

Caryanda cyanonota sp. nov. ( Figs 3–4 , 11–19 )

Diagnosis. This new species is similar to C. amplexicerca and C. shuangjianga sp. nov., but differs from the latter two by the characters listed in Table 1 .

Description. Body small-sized. Head shorter than pronotum. Fastigium broad, width in front of eyes larger than length. Face sloping; frontal ridge laterally straight with shallow-longitudinal sulcus, lateral margins nearly parallel except somewhat extended around median ocellus. Lateral facial keels thick and straight. Antennae filiform, just reaching coxa of hind leg (♂) or approaching posterior margin of pronotum (♀), median segments about 3.1–3.5 (♂) or 2.2–2.6 (♀) times longer than wide. Eyes oval, longitudinal diameter about 1.4–1.5 (♂) or 1.5 (♀) times as long as horizontal diameter, and about 2.2–2.5 (♂) or 2.0–2.2 (♀) times as long as subocular furrow. Pronotum nearly cylindrical, surface foveolate, anterior margin nearly straight, posterior margin moderately (♂) or slightly (♀) concave; median carina indistinct, lateral carinae absent; three transverse sulci distinct; prozona 2.2–2.4 (♂) or 2.1 (♀) times as long as metazona; lateral lobe with posteroventral corner obtus. Prosternal spine conical, apex acute. Mesosternal interspace about 1.5–1.6 (♂) or 1.1–1.3 (♀) times as long as minimum width; metasternal lobes almost contiguous (♂) or separated (♀). Tegmina narrow scale-like, 2.4–2.9 (♂) or 2.7–2.8 (♀) times as long as maximum width, apex reaching at or just surpassing beyond posterior margin of 1 st abdominal tergite in both sexes. Hind femora with upper carina smooth and terminating in an acute angle; lower genicular lobes spined. Hind tibiae with apical half nearly cylindrical, with 6–7 external and 8–9 internal spines on dorsal side (not including a small external apical spine). Tympanum opened distinctly, oval.

In male, tenth abdominal tergite narrowly divided in middle but contiguous at base, with small furculae on posterior margin. Supra-anal plate nearly quadrate, maximum width 1.1 times as length; basal half with broad median longitudinal sulcus, lateral areas little concaved; lateral margins arched, weakly risen at basal half; posterior margin straight on both sides, triangular in middle, apex rectangular. Cerci compressed, gradually narrowing apically, long triangular in lateral view, incurved in dorsal view, apex acute. Epiphallus with lophi trapeziform in lateral view, pointing dorsad, base broader than top, apical outer angle arched; anchorae small, dactyloid; anterior projections with upper margins dorsad strongly bulging in lateral view; bridge divided in middle. Phallic complex with cingular valves mostly shielded by apical valves of penis, leaving only apex; apical penis valves upcurved, distally widened and shaped like a reversed trapezoid in lateral view, apex lamellated in apical view.

In female, cerci conical; subgenital plate with a median concavity in posterior half, posterior margin nearly straight at both sides and with a shallow concave in middle; ventral basivalvular sclerite with inner margins hardly contiguous with each other; ovipositor valves unevenly serrated along margins.

Coloration. Male. Head blue, with a triangular black spot on dorsum; postocular bands black, continued on dorsal area of lateral lobes of pronotum, tegmina and 10th abdominal tergite. Eyes brown. Antennae with basal segments grey, others black. Pronotum blue except three transverse sulci black in dorsal; lateral lobe with two yellowish white maculae on midio-area, inferior margin black. Tegmina black. Fore and middle legs yellow except tibiae and tarsi bluish green. Hind femora red except basal about fourth yellow, with a yellow preapical ring, knee black; hind tibiae basal tenth black, others blue; hind tarsi bluish, claws with apical half black. Mesothorax and metathorax respectively with two yellow spots in episterna and epimera. Abdominal tergites blue in dorsal, lateral lobes yellow in ventral areas; abdominal sternites and terminalia yellow. Cerci black. Supra-anal plate black in apical half.

Female light brown. Head light brown except frons and genae yellowish white; postocular bands brown. Eyes brown. Antennae brown. Pronotum light brown in dorsal, lateral lobes with midio-areas yellowish white, inferior margins black. Tegmina brown. Fore and middle legs green yellow. Hind femora brownish red, but basal about two fifths green yellow, knee black; hind tibiae and tarsi bluish, claws black in apical half. Abdomen light brown.

Measurements (mm). Body ♂ 18.8–20.7, ♀ 26.0–27.0; pronotum ♂ 3.5–3.8, ♀ 5.2–5.5; tegmen ♂ 3.1–3.2, ♀ 3.7–4.3; hind femur ♂ 10.7–11.5, ♀ 13.8–15.0.

Material examined. Holotype ♂, China, Yunnan, Ximeng (22°38'N, 99°35'E; elev. 1 118 m), 1 November 2012, leg. Ben-Yong Mao and Miao Li. Paratypes: 16♂, 8♀, same data as holotype, deposited in BMDU .

Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin “ cyano -” and “ notum ”, referring to the dorsum of male body being blueish.

Distribution. China (Yunnan).

Biology. C. cyanonota sp. nov. lives on the leaves of some Gramineae tussock grasses under south subtropical broad-leaf shrub, which grows in the wet and half shady zone at medium elevation (1 100 m) in Yunnan. The food plant of this species have not been definitely determined in field, but in laboratory, it appears to feed on some grass, such as Arthraxon hispidus , Oplismenus compositus and Echinochloa crusgalli .

Figures

Figs 1–5. Habitus of adults, lateral view. 1–2. Caryanda amplexicerca Ou, Liu & Zheng, 2007, ♂, ♀, paratypes. 3–4. C. cyanonota sp. nov., ♂, ♀. 5. C. shuangjianga sp. nov., ♂. Scale bars=5mm.

Figs 11–19. Caryanda cyanonota sp. nov. 11–12. Terminalia, ♂, dorsal and lateral views. 13–14. Abdominal apex, ♀, lateral and ventral views. 15–16. Phallic complex, lateral and apical views. 17–19. Epiphallus, dorsal, lateral and posterior views. Scale bars= 1mm.