Caryophyllia seguenzae Duncan, 1873

Altuna, Álvaro, 2013, Scleractinia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from ECOMARG 2003, 2008 and 2009 expeditions to bathyal waters off north and northwest Spain (northeast Atlantic), Zootaxa 3641 (2), pp. 101-128 : 109

Caryophyllia seguenzae Duncan, 1873

( Figs. 2 N– O, tables 1–3)

Caryophyllia seguenzae Duncan, 1873: 314 , pl. 44, figs. 4−6.—Zibrowius 1980: 67, pl. 27, figs. A–J.—Altuna & García Carrascosa 1990: 56.—Altuna Prados 1994a: 455, pl. 11, figs. B, D–E, pl. 12, fig. A.—Altuna Prados 1994b: 55.—Altuna Prados 1994c: 78 (fig. 1).—Altuna 1995: 88, fig. 3.—Cairns & Chapman 2001: 35 (tab. 1).—Reveillaud et al. 2008: 322 (tab. 1), 325 (fig. 4).—Altuna 2010: 21.

Material examined. Le Danois Bank, 2008: Stn. D 4V, 1084 m, three dead and broken specimens, rather worn, perhaps subfossil. Le Danois Bank, 2009: Stn. V 3, 999 m, an adult specimen alive, and five young dead, worn; Stn. V10, 1222 m, two dead and worn specimens, one of them a juvenile.

Description. Largest corallum examined solitary and unattached, trochoid and somewhat compressed laterally (H= 3.45 cm, stn. V3). Base ended in a pointed pedicel slightly curved. Wall strongly costate and finely granulated; C1−2>C3>C4–5; C1–C2 very prominent, well-delineated; C1−C3 ridged, C4−C5 flat. Calice wide and faintly elliptical (GCD= 4.16 cm; LCD= 3.38 cm; GCD: LCD= 1.23). Septa arranged hexamerally in five cycles according to the formula S1−2>S3>S4≥S5 (S5 incomplete - 91 septa). Upper septal margins smooth and septal faces with scarce minute granules; S1 and S2 subequal and highly exsert; S3 and S4 progressively smaller and less exsert; S5 follow S1−S 2 in their exsert projections; S1 and S2 are the longest and subequal in length, S3 are slightly shorter, and S4−S5 are similar and notably shorter than S3. Pali forming a palar crown before S4 (24P4), with their upper and inner edges slightly sinuous and scarce, small, pointed granules. Fossa moderately deep, containing a columella far from the calicular margin level; columella apparent, neat, elliptical, formed by numerous twisted ribbons, many fused. Corallum white to cream.

Remarks. The specimens are of varied sizes. In stn. V3, they range in H from 0.80 to 3.45 cm, in GCD from 1.0 to 4.16 cm and in LCD from 0.86 to 3.38 cm (GCD: LCD= 1.08−1.23). The smallest specimen examined (GCD= 1.0 cm, stn. V3) has 44 septa arranged in four incomplete cycles (6S1, 6S2, 12S3, 20S4). Another specimen with GCD= 1.59 cm (stn. V3) has 56 septa in five incomplete cycles and 12 well developed P4.

Caryophyllia seguenzae is a coral widely distributed in the north-eastern Atlantic, although unknown from the Mediterranean Sea (Zibrowius 1980). Most part of the records are from the Bay of Biscay (Roule 1896; Marion 1906; Zibrowius 1980; Altuna Prados 1994a, 1994b; Altuna 1995), including Le Danois Bank (Zibrowius 1980). Not recorded in an intensive study at suitable depths off Asturias in the Avilés Canyon system (Álvarez Claudio 1993, 1994c; Louzao et al. 2010). Not recorded from the Galicia Bank, but locally very abundant further east in some locations of the Bay of Biscay (Capbreton Canyon, Altuna 1995). The species seems to rarify southwest along the north-Iberian bathyal, or is only locally abundant.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Aulocyathus atlanticus Zibrowius, 1980 (stn. V 7, Galicia Bank). A-A’) Coralla. Top left specimen: H = 1.61 cm; GCD = LCD = 0.68 cm; 30 septa. B) Calice (GCD = 0.64 cm, 42 septa). Caryophyllia abyssorum Duncan, 1873 (stn. S 3 V, Le Danois Bank). C) Corallum. D) Calice (GCD = LCD = 1.22 cm). E) Wall and upper margin. Caryophyllia calveri Duncan, 1873. F) Corallum (H = 1.67 cm, stn. V 5, Galicia Bank. G) Calice (GCD = 1.08 cm; LCD = 0.97 cm; 42 septa, stn. D 6 V, Le Danois Bank). H) Calice (GCD = 1.16 cm; LCD = 0.96 cm; 44 septa, stn. D 6 V, Le Danois Bank). Caryophyllia sarsiae Zibrowius, 1974. I) Corallum (unknown station, Le Danois Bank). J) Calice of the same specimen. K) Corallum of a small specimen (stn. R 1 R 2, Le Danois Bank). L) Calice of the same specimen. Caryophyllia calveri Duncan, 1873 (stn. R 1 R 8, Le Danois Bank). M) Juvenile. Caryophyllia seguenzae Duncan, 1873 (stn. V 3, Le Danois Bank. N) Corallum, side view (H = 3.45 cm, GCD = 4.16 cm, LCD = 3.38 cm, 92 septa). O) Same specimen, calicular view. Development of costae C 1 – C 3 and exsertness of septa are remarkable. Scale bar: A-A’, C – E, F = 1.0 cm; B = 0.6 cm; G – J = 0.5 cm; K, M = 0.2 cm; L = 0.1 cm; N – O = 2.0 cm.