Ceriantheopsis americana (Agassiz in Verrill, 1864)

Stampar, Sergio N., Reimer, James D., Maronna, Maximiliano M., Lopes, Celine S. S., Ceriello, Hellen, Santos, Thais B., Acuna, Fabian H. & Morandini, Andre C., 2020, Ceriantharia (Cnidaria) of the World: an annotated catalogue and key to species, ZooKeys 952, pp. 1-63 : 1

4 Ceriantheopsis americana (Agassiz in Verrill, 1864)

Cerianthus sp. Agassiz 1859: 24

Cerianthus americanus Agassiz in Verrill, 1864b: 32-33; Verrill 1864a: 56-57; Verrill 1872: 436; Hertwig 1882: 110,116; Andres 1883: 352; McMurrich 1887: 63; van Beneden 1897: 140; Haddon 1898: 401; Parker 1900: 756; Duerden 1902a: 329-330; Duerden 1902b: 301; Roule 1905: 89; McMurrich 1910 a: 11,15-16,20; Hargitt 1912: 249; Mello-Leitão 1919: 36-38; van Beneden 1924: 91; Field 1949: 5-6, 18-21, 27; den Hartog 1977: 212; Pei 1998: 179-180

Ceriantheopsis americanus : Carlgren 1912a: 366; Carlgren 1912b: 19-26; Pax 1924: 118; Carlgren 1940: 6, 12-13; Leloup 1964: 257; Frey 1970: 309-311; Peteya 1973a: 301-316; Peteya 1973b: 1-10; Widersten 1976: 858; Shepard et al. 1986: 625-646; Kristensen et al. 1991: 590-591, 589-614; Sebens 1998: 13, 16, 21, 57; Holohan et al. 1998: 466-468; Molodtsova 2000: 14,17; Molodtsova et al. 2011: 2-3, 5-7; Reft and Daly 2012: 123-125, 127, 129; Mata et al. 2012: 602-603; Kayal et al. 2013: 3, 5-6, 10-11, 15; Stampar et al. 2014a: 2, 8

Cerianthiopsis americanus : Hedgpeth 1954: 286-290

Ceriantheopsis americana : Stampar et al. 2015b: 1-6; Stampar et al. 2016 a: 69

Type locality.

Off Charleston, South Carolina; Beaufort, North Carolina, United States of America (not specified).

Distribution.

Atlantic coast of United States and Canada, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean Sea, at 2-250 m depth.

Remarks.

This species is probably the most extensively studied among the Ceriantharia . There are appropriate descriptions of specimens ( McMurrich 1910; Carlgren 1912a) and there is much biological information, especially related to ecological aspects ( Shepard et al. 1986; Kristensen et al. 1991; Holohan et al. 1998). One important issue that still needs be studied is the possible occurrence of this species in the deep sea. Several photographic records, especially from ROV surveys below 400 m depth are available on the internet, but, to date, no such deep specimens have been collected for study.

Type material.

Museum of Comparative Zoology (Harvard) - Invertebrate Zoology 243 and SCOR-1245 and Peabody Museum of Natural History (Yale) - YPM IZ 000977.CN (syntype).