Chactopsis amazonica Lourenço and Francke, 1986

Ochoa, José A., Rojas-Runjaic, Fernando J. M., Pinto-da-Rocha, Ricardo & Prendini, Lorenzo, 2013, Systematic Revision Of The Neotropical Scorpion Genus Chactopsis Kraepelin, 1912 (Chactoidea: Chactidae), With Descriptions Of Two New Genera And Four New Species, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2013 (378), pp. 1-121 : 25-30

Chactopsis amazonica Lourenço and Francke, 1986

Figures 1 , 3A , 5A, B , 10A, B , 13A , 15A , 18A , 20A , 21A , 22A, B , 24 , 25 , 26

proximal fold; articular flexure present; pronounced proximal constriction forming short pedicel. Trunk well developed, tortuous medially; sheath shaped proximally, moder-

Chactopsis amazonicus Lourenço and Francke, 1986: 551 , 552, figs. 2–9, 16–21, map 1; Lourenço, 1986a: 564, fig. 23, table II; 1986b: 165, fig. 5; 1988: 330, 331; 1991: 117; Höfer et al., 1996: 34, 36; Lourenço and Pinto-da-Rocha, 2000: 264.

Chactopsis amazonica: Sissom, 2000: 311 ; Soleglad and Sissom, 2001: 30, 92, figs. 134, 140, 168; Lourenço, 2002a: 216, 222, figs. 43, 499–516, 557; 2002b: 401, 429, 435, figs. 52, 71; Lourenço and Pézier, 2002: 178; Lourenço et al., 2005: 246; Pinto-da-Rocha et al., 2007: 146; Botero- Trujillo, 2008: 34; Flórez et al., 2008: 42; Saturnino et al., 2009: 64.

TYPE MATERIAL: BRAZIL: Amazonas : Municipio Manaus : Holotype ³ ( INPA-SP 38 ), Manaus, Reserva Ducke, km 26 on AM- 010 [ca. 02 ° 559340 S 59 ° 579370W, 110 m],

25.vii.1978, N. Penny. Paratypes: same data as holotype, except 15.xi.1977, J. Arias, 1 juv. ³ ( INPA), 22.xi.1977, B.C. Ratcliffe ; 1 ♀ ( INPA), 29.xi.1977, J. Arias, 1 ♀ ( INPA), 27.xii.1977, J. Arias, 1 ³ ( INPA), 17.i.1978, J. Arias, 1 ³ ( INPA), 17.i.1978, J. Arias, emer- gence trap 2–8, 1 ³ ( AMNH), 13.viii.1981, M.C. Coltro, 1 ♀ ( MNHN), 23.i.1983, M.P.M. Aidar, allotype ♀ ( INPA-SP 39 ) ; Manaus [ca. 03 ° 079 S 60 ° 019 W], 11.vi.1976, Máximos, 1 ³ ( AMNH) ; Tarumã Mirim (inundation forest), 17.i.1983, J. Adis, 1 juv. ³ paratype ( INPA-SP

40), 26.x.1982, J. Adis, 1 juv. ♀ paratype ( INPA-SP 41).

NEW RECORDS: BRAZIL: Amazonas: Municipio Iranduba: AM 070, km 51 (terra firme), 03 ° 10956.90 S 60 ° 26947.20W, 10.viii. 2007, V. T. Carvalho, 2 ³ ( INPA-SP 634). Municipio Manaus: Manaus, Reserva Ducke, 02 ° 57956.990 S 59 ° 55920.570W, 28.ix–11.x. 2006, J.S. Araújo, 1 ³ ( INPA-SP 361), 02 ° 559340 S 59 ° 579370W, 110 m, 16–17.xi. 2010, A. Pepato and J.A. Ochoa, 1 ³, 1 ♀ ( MHNC), 1 ³ ( MZSP).

DIAGNOSIS: Chactopsis amazonica appears to be most closely related to C. barajuri and C. curupira , n. sp., based on similarities in hemispermatophore morphology: flagellum straight; apex broad proximally, with ental fold situated subproximally; pedicel of lamina short, not reaching dorsal apophysis; lobe region with additional concave fold situated proximal to ental lobe; median lobe finely papillose on distal and ectal surfaces; dorsal apophysis forming crestlike projection (figs. 26, 29, 38). The hemispermatophores of C. chullachaqui , n. sp., C. insignis , and C. siapaensis differ from those of C. amazonica , C. barajuri , and C. curupira , n. sp., as follows: flagellum curved; apex with ental fold situated proximally; pedicel of lamina elongated; lobe region without additional concave fold; median lobe densely papillose across entire surface; dorsal apophysis forming hornshaped projection (figs. 8, 41, 44).

Chactopsis amazonica , C. barajuri , and C. curupira , n. sp., may be separated from one another by means of the pedipalp trichobothrial pattern: C. amazonica and C. curupira , n. sp., possess three em trichobothria on the external surface of the patella (figs. 24C, 36C) whereas C. barajuri possesses four em trichobothria (fig. 27C); patellar trichobothrium est 2 is situated slightly proximal to or in the same axis as est 3 and est 4 in C. amazonica , but proximal to and distant from the other est trichobothria in C. barajuri ; the angle formed by patellar trichobothria v 5 – v 6 – v 7 is greater than 90 ° in C. amazonica and C. curupira , n. sp., but approximately 90 ° in C. barajuri ; chelal trichobothrium Est is situated closer to V 3 than to Et 1 in C. amazonica and C. barajuri , but equidistant between V 3 and Et 1 in C. curupira , n. sp. (fig. 37C). Additionally, the VM carina of metasomal seg- ment V is obscured by granulation in the posterior quarter of the segment in C. amazonica (fig. 21A), whereas it is distinct and bifurcated posteriorly in C. barajuri and C. curupira , n. sp. (fig. 21B, D); the VSM carinae of metasomal segment I are absent and the telson entirely smooth in C. amazonica , whereas the VSM carinae are obsolete and the telson sparsely granular in C. barajuri . The ML carinae of metasomal segment V are restricted to the anterior two-thirds of the segment in C. amazonica and C. curupira , n. sp., but extend to almost 75 % its length in C. barajuri . Chactopsis amazonica may be further separated from C. barajuri and C. curupira , n. sp., by means of the hemispermatophore morphology (figs. 26, 29, 38): a row of small spines along the distal margin of the median lobe, observed in C. barajuri and C. curupira , n. sp., is absent in C. amazonica ; the dorsal apophysis is crest shaped, with the dorsal margin weakly serrated, in C. barajuri , smooth in C. amazonica , and bicuspid in C. curupira , n. sp.

SUPPLEMENTARY DESCRIPTION: The following supplements Lourenço and Francke’s (1986) original description.

Trichobothria: Femur with three trichobothria (fig. 24A). Patella with 33 trichobothria (fig. 24B–D): two dorsal, seven ventral, 23 external, one internal; trichobothrium v 6 situated closer to v 5 than to v 7; est 5 situated on VE margin; est 2 situated slightly proximal to, or in same axis as est 3 and est 4; em 2 usually situated distal to em 1 and em 3; em 3 usually situated proximal to or in same axis as em 1; esb 2 situated distal to esb 3. Chela with 26 trichobothria (fig. 25): 10 situated on manus, three ventral, seven external; 16 situated on fixed finger, seven external, six dorsal, three internal (it, isb, ib); ist absent; it situated between est and em; Est situated closer to V 3 than to Et 1; Et 1 and Et 2 situated in same axis; eb situated proximal to base of fixed finger; db situated proximal to esb, usually closer to esb than to eb (equidistant between esb and eb observed in one case); dm 1 situated in same axis as et 3.

Hemispermatophore: Lamina elongated, slightly longer than trunk, ventral margin straight (fig. 26A–C); apex elongated, broad proximally and medially, curved and tapering distally; flagellum short, straight, less than

one-third the length of lamina; ental margin with proximal fold, approximately same length as flagellum, toward dorsal surface; articular flexure present; pedicel short. Trunk well developed, moderately tortuous medially; sheath-shaped part moderately developed, approximately half the length of trunk, with well-developed ventral concavity; foot half the length of trunk. Lobe region well developed with two lobes; ental lobe moderately developed, slightly sclerotized, forming a projection toward ental surface; median lobe well developed, extending ventrally, finely papillose entally and distally, distal margin without row of small spines; median trough well developed, deep; dorsal apophysis sclerotized, crest shaped, short, and curved distally; additional, well-developed concave fold proximal to lobe region (fig. 26A).

REMARKS: Five paratypes (2 ³, 2 ♀, 1 juv. ³), mentioned by Lourenço and Francke (1986) as originally deposited at INPA, were not found by Saturnino et al. (2009). In addition, the paratype ³ from Manaus, collected on 11.vi.1976, was not found at the AMNH.

DISTRIBUTION: Chactopsis amazonica is known only from the vicinity of Manaus in the state of Amazonas, Brazil (fig. 1). Most of the known specimens were collected in Reserva Ducke (fig. 3A).

HABITAT: Chactopsis amazonica inhabits blackwater inundation forest (Tarumã Mirim) and ‘‘Terra Firme’’ forest (upland at Reserva Ducke, see fig. 3A). At Reserva Ducke, this species is syntopic with two other chactid scorpions, Brotheas amazonicus Lourenço, 1988 (the dominant ground-dwelling scorpion species), and Broteochactas fei Pinto-da-Rocha et al., 2002, and three buthids, Ananteris dekeyseri Lourenço, 1982 , Tityus metuendus Pocock, 1897 , and Tityus silvestris Pocock, 1897 . At Tarumã Mirim, it is syntopic with T. metuendus and T. silvestris ; three other buthids, Tityus adisi Lourenço, 2002 , Tityus canopensis Lourenço and Pezier, 2002 , and Tityus lokiae Lourenço, 2005 , also occur in sympatry. Höfer et al. (1996) and Lourenço et al. (2005) provide more details concerning the localities and ecology of these scorpions.

Figures

Fig. 1. Distribution of Chactopsis Kraepelin, 1912, plotting known locality records in Brazil, Peru, and Venezuela. Chactopsis amazonica Lourenço and Francke, 1986, open circles; Chactopsis barajuri González- Sponga, 1982, solid triangle; Chactopsis buhrnheimi Lourenço, 2003, open star; Chactopsis curupira, n. sp., open triangle; Chactopsis chullachaqui, n. sp., open diamond; Chactopsis insignis Kraepelin, 1912, solid squares; Chactopsis siapaensis González-Sponga, 1991, open square; Chactopsis sujirima González-Sponga, 1982, solid circles; undetermined Chactopsis species, solid stars. Box indicates area mapped in figure 2.

Fig. 3. Chactopsis Kraepelin, 1912, habitat. A. Reserva Ducke, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, habitat of Chactopsis amazonica Lourenço and Francke, 1986. B. Guacamayo, Tarapoto, San Martín Department, Peru, habitat of Chactopsis chullachaqui, n. sp. C. Tahuayo River, Loreto Department, Peru, habitat of Chactopsis insignis Kraepelin, 1912.

Fig. 5. Chactopsis Kraepelin, 1912, Chactopsoides, n. gen., and Megachactops, n. gen., habitus in life. A, B. Chactopsis amazonica Lourenço and Francke, 1986, Reserva Ducke, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. A. ³. B. ♀. C. Chactopsoides anduzei (González-Sponga, 1982), n. comb., ³, Isla Ratón, Amazonas, Venezuela. D. Chactopsoides gonzalezspongai, n. sp., ³, Isla Piñate, Amazonas, Venezuela. E. Chactopsis insignis Kraepelin, 1912, ³, Tahuayo River, Loreto Department, Peru. F. Megachactops kuemoi, n. sp., ♀, Tobogan del Cuao, Amazonas, Venezuela.

Fig. 10. Chactopsis Kraepelin, 1912, carapace, dorsal aspect. A, B. Chactopsis amazonica Lourenço and Francke, 1986. A. ³ (MZSP). B. ♀ (MZSP). C. Chactopsis barajuri González-Sponga, 1982, holotype ³ (MAGS). D. Chactopsis chullachaqui, n. sp., holotype ³ (MHNC). E. Chactopsis curupira, n. sp., paratype ³ (MZSP). Scale bars 5 1 mm.

Fig. 13. Chactopsis Kraepelin, 1912, sternum and pectines, ventral aspect. A. Chactopsis amazonica Lourenço and Francke, 1986, ³ (MZSP). B. Chactopsis barajuri González-Sponga, 1982, holotype ³ (MAGS). C. Chactopsis chullachaqui, n. sp., holotype ³ (MHNC). D. Chactopsis curupira, n. sp., paratype ³ (MZSP). Scale bars 5 1 mm.

Fig. 15. Chactopsis Kraepelin, 1912, metasomal segments III–V, lateral aspect. A. Chactopsis amazonica Lourenço and Francke, 1986, ³ (MZSP). B. Chactopsis barajuri González-Sponga, 1982, holotype ³ (MAGS). C. Chactopsis chullachaqui, n. sp., holotype ³ (MHNC). Scale bars 5 1 mm.

Fig. 18. Chactopsis Kraepelin, 1912, metasomal segments I–IV, ventral aspect. A. Chactopsis amazonica Lourenço and Francke, 1986, ³ (MZSP). B. Chactopsis barajuri González-Sponga, 1982, holotype ³ (MAGS). C. Chactopsis chullachaqui, n. sp., holotype ³ (MHNC). Scale bars 5 1 mm.

Fig. 20. Chactopsis Kraepelin, 1912, metasomal segment V, lateral aspect. A. Chactopsis amazonica Lourenço and Francke, 1986, ♀ (MZSP). B. Chactopsis insignis Kraepelin, 1912, ♀ (MHNC). C. Chactopsis siapaensis González-Sponga, 1991, ♀ (AMNH). Scale bars 5 1 mm.

Fig. 21. Chactopsis Kraepelin, 1912, metasomal segment V, ventral aspect. A. Chactopsis amazonica Lourenço and Francke, 1986, ♀ (MZSP). B. Chactopsis barajuri González-Sponga, 1982, holotype ³ (MAGS). C. Chactopsis chullachaqui, n. sp., holotype ³ (MHNC). D. Chactopsis curupira, n. sp., paratype ³ (MZSP). E. Chactopsis insignis Kraepelin, 1912, ³ (MHNC). F. Chactopsis siapaensis González- Sponga, 1991, holotype ³ (MAGS). Scale bars 5 1 mm.

Fig. 22. Chactopsis Kraepelin, 1912, telson, lateral aspect. A, B. Chactopsis amazonica Lourenço and Francke, 1986. A. ³ (MZSP). B. ♀ (MZSP). C. Chactopsis barajuri González-Sponga, 1982, holotype ³ (MAGS). D. Chactopsis chullachaqui, n. sp., holotype ³ (MHNC). E. Chactopsis curupira, n. sp., paratype ³ (MZSP). Scale bars 5 1 mm.

Fig. 24. Chactopsis amazonica Lourenço and Francke, 1986, ³ (MZSP), dextral pedipalp segments. A. Femur. B–D. Patella. A, B. Dorsal aspect. C. External aspect. D. Ventral aspect. Scale bar 5 1 mm.

Fig. 25. Chactopsis amazonica Lourenço and Francke, 1986, dextral pedipalp chela. A. ³ (MZSP). B– E. ♀ (MZSP). A, C. External aspect. B. Dorsal aspect. D. Ventral aspect. E. Internal aspect. Scale bars 5 1 mm.

Fig. 26. Chactopsis amazonica Lourenço and Francke, 1986, ³ (MZSP), sinistral hemispermatophore. A. Ental aspect. B. Dorsal aspect. C. Ectal aspect. Scale bar 5 1 mm.