Chilecicada viridicitata, Sanborn & Cole & Stukel & Łukasik & Veloso & Gonzalez & Karkar & Simon, 2021

Sanborn, Allen F., Cole, Jeffrey A., Stukel, Mark, Łukasik, Piotr, Veloso, Claudio, Gonzalez, Valorie A., Karkar, Jessica B. & Simon, Chris, 2021, Thirteen new species of Chilecicada Sanborn, 2014 (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadidae: Tibicininae) expand the highly endemic cicada fauna of Chile, Zootaxa 5078 (1), pp. 1-70 : 57-61

Chilecicada viridicitata n. sp. Sanborn and Cole

Fig. 14 (morphology), Plate 1 (live habitus), Plate 3 (song), Plate 5 (distribution)

Type material. Holotype. “ CHILE. Región O’Higgins: / Colcahgüa Pr.; Comuna de San / Fernando; Camino a Termas del / Flaco , I-45, 37 km east of San / Fernando , / 34.77050S, 70.67348W, 784 m. / 22-XII-2018. JA Cole, FA / Calderon, C Veloso leg. S18-15 // JCR181222_19 // JAC000003274” ♂ ( LACM) . Paratypes. “ CHILE. Región O’Higgins: Provincia / de Colcahgüa; Comuna de San / Fernando; Parrot Colony along / Termas del Flaco road, 26 km NW of / Termas del Flaco at La Rufina, / 34.79815S, 70.60658W, 945 m. / 24-XII-2018. JA Cole, FA Calderon / C Veloso leg. S18-18 // 181224-08” 1♂ ( MNNC); “ CHILE. Región O’Higgins: Provincia / de Colcahgüa; Comuna de San / Fernando; Parrot Colony along / Termas del Flaco roas, 26 km NW of / Termas del Flaco at La Rufina, / 34.79815S, 70.60658W, 945 m. / 24-XII-2018. JA Cole, FA Calderon / C Veloso leg. S18-18 // 181224-10” 1♂ ( AFSC); “ CHILE. Región O’Higgins: / Colcahgüa Pr.; Comuna de San / Fernando, Parrot Colony along / Termas del Flaco Road, 26 km / northwest of Termas del Flaco at / La Rufina, / 34.79815S, 70.60658W, 945 m. / 24-XII- 2018. JA Cole, FA / Calderon, C Veloso leg. S18-18 // JAC000003275” 1♀ ( LACM) “14.CL.LI.CLT.469 / -34.7412, -70.7566 / 15.XII.2014 Piotr Lukasik” 1♂ ( UCMS). The code 14.CL.LI.CLT refers to the side of the road towards Termas del Flaco , O’Higgins Region , Chile.

Etymology. The name is a combination of viridi - (L. viridis, green) in reference to the bright green basal fore wing venation of live specimens and - citata (L. citatus, quick, rapid, speedy) in reference to the rapidly produced echemes in the song of the species.

Description. Ground color testaceous marked with castaneous and piceous, costal margin, radius & subcostal vein and basal veins of fore wing ochraceous due to ethanol exposure, vibrant green in live specimens. Pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum with greenish tinge in one paratype and in live specimens. Body covered with silvery pile.

Head. Head slightly wider than mesonotum, dorsal head piceous except ground color supra-antennal plate anterior margin, reduced to lateral half or extending along medial margin in some paratypes, anteromedial corner of vertex and medioposterior head with mark extending lateral to posterior cranial depressions, mark extending anteriorly into posterior epicranial suture, mark extends anteriorly to surround piceous posterior cranial depression forming a spot on either side of ground color mark in some paratypes, short silvery pile on dorsal head, denser long silvery pile posterior to eye. Ocelli rosaceous, eyes dark castaneous with lighter margin. Gena piceous except ground color medial and anterior margins, lorum piceous with ground color anteromedial and posteromedial margins, short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile on lorum and gena. Postclypeus ground color with piceous transverse grooves and central sulcus, piceous expanding along posterior margin in some paratypes, 12 transverse grooves, dorsum piceous, long silvery pile radiating from postclypeus, short silvery pile along lateral margin. Anteclypeus piceous with ground color carina, anterior and medial posterior margins, transverse piceous band across anterior carina, expanded with additional mark across posterior carina in some paratypes, covered with short white pile and radiating long silvery pile. Mentum castaneous, labium castaneous at base becoming piceous, rostrum radiating long silvery pile, reaching to posterior of middle trochanters. Scape ground color, remaining antennal segments piceous.

Thorax. Pronotum ground color, piceous fascia on either side of posterior midline, along entire midline and fusing medially in anterior fissure in paratypes, fusing in posterior ambient fissure, fissures piceous, posterior paramedian and anterior lateral fissures ground color in some paratypes, mark in lateral fissure expanding onto lateral disk and medial margin of lateral pronotal collar, reduced in some paratypes, irregular longitudinal mark extending onto disk between paramedian and lateral fissures but not reaching lateral fissure, small piceous spots on disk anterior and posterior to middle of lateral fissure, additional spots just posterior to central paramedian fissure, spots expanded or reduced in some paratypes. Pronotal collar ground color with piceous anterior margin continuous with ambient fissure mark, transverse piceous mark from lateral ambient fissure to anterolateral margin of pronotal collar lateral angle, mark reduced in one paratype. Pronotum with short silvery pile, denser in fissures. Mesonotum ground color, submedian sigilla piceous, piceous fused anteromedially, lateral sigilla piceous mark extending laterally from anterior sigilla not reaching lateral margin, reduced to spot in some paratypes, central fascia expanding posteriorly, forming anchor-shaped mark in some paratypes, piceous between anterior arms of cruciform elevation, piceous scutal depressions, fusing to piceous mark between anterior arms of cruciform elevation in some paratypes, mark extends along anterior midline of cruciform elevation, mark extending over anterior of cruciform elevation midline in some paratypes, cruciform elevation castaneous in some paratypes, posterior of anterior arm and anterior half of lateral cruciform elevation piceous, wing groove ground color with piceous fasciae anteromedially and anterolaterally connected by transverse fascia anteriorly. Metanotum ground color with castaneous midline, piceous laterally with ground color margin. Dorsum covered with silvery pile, denser between anterior arms of cruciform elevation, between anterior and posterior arms of cruciform elevation, and long silvery pile in wing groove. Ventral thoracic segments ground color except piceous on basisternum 2, posterior katepisternum 2, lateral trochantin 2, meron 2, basisternum 3, transverse fascia on posterior episternum 3 and medial margin of trochantin 3, piceous expanded in some paratypes. Ventral segments covered with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile.

Wings. Fore wings and hind wings hyaline with eight and six apical cells respectively, several paratype hind wings with additional crossveins in apical cells. Venation greenish proximally, becoming piceous distally, small piceous spot on base extending along anteroproximal basal cell, anal vein 2 + 3 piceous. Basal cell about 3.14 times longer than broad. Pterostigma reduced but present. Basal membrane of fore wing orange mottled with red. Hind wing venation similarly colored except green extending into vein separating apical cells and castaneous anal veins 2 and 3, piceous spot on wing base. Basal plaga, anal cell 3 along anal vein 3 to terminal curve, anal cell 2 along anal veins 2 and 3 to terminal curve, proximal anal cell 1, posterior to cubitus posterior, proximal medial, radial and costal cells with orange mottled with red, infuscation in anal cell 3 and anal cell 2 bordering orange and red area.

Legs. Legs ground color, tinged with green in some paratypes, coxae, trochanters and femora striped with piceous, femora striped additionally with castaneous, stripes reduced in some paratypes, tibiae with piceous spot proximally, castaneous anterior side, mark not reaching proximal terminus in hind tibiae, tibial spurs and tibial combs ground color with castaneous tips, tarsi castaneous with piceous distal segmental margins except ground color proximal mesotarus and metatarsus of hind tarsi, pretarsal claws dark ground color with piceous tips. Fore femora with primary spine almost perpendicular to femur, secondary spine upright, longest, with broad base, and very small tertiary spine, spines ground color, primary and secondary spines with piceous tips. Proximal segments with short silvery pile, all segments radiating long silvery pile. Male meracanthus ground color with piceous spot on base, an elongated triangle with lateral margin distally curving mediad, reaching slightly beyond operculum posterior margin not reaching posterior of tympanal cavity. Female meracanthus similarly shaped and colored, reaching to anterior of sternite III.

Opercula. Male opercula ground color with piceous spot on lateral base and piceous along medial margin, piceous expanded in some paratypes, lateral margin straight, obtusely angled posterolateral margin, posterior margin straight, smoothly curved posteromedial margin rounded, anteromedial margin curved to base, not reaching to anterior of sternite II posteriorly, well separated medially barely reaching lateral meracanthus, covered with short silvery pile, long silvery pile radiating from operculum margin. Female operculum similarly colored and shaped reaching to anterior of sternite II.

Abdomen. Abdominal tergite 1 piceous with ground color anterior and posterior margins, tergite 2 piceous anterodorsally between timbal cavities, piceous within timbal cavity, castaneous dorsally with ground color posterolateral margin, tergites 3–8 piceous anteriorly bordered posteriorly with castaneous dorsally with ground color lateral posterior margins, amount of castaneous increasing and ground color decreasing in posterior tergites, tergites covered with short silvery pile, longer pile radiating from lateral tergites 4–8, missing in some paratypes. Timbal cover a thickened rim, timbal completely exposed with 13 long ribs and 11 intercalary ribs. Male sternite I ground color, sternite II testaceous with ground color anterior margin, small transverse piceous fascia on either side of midline near anterior margin angled posteromedially and fusing on posterior margin, second transverse fascia on anterior margin in middle of tympanal cavity, auditory capsule piceous, sternites III–VII testaceous, central castaneous mark in some paratypes, sternite III with piceous fascia on anterior margin expanding into spot on midline and small piceous spot on anterolateral corner. Epipleurites testaceous with central castaneous spot. Sternite VIII testaceous with castaneous anterior margin, dorsal margin with curve near base forming an obtuse angle, Vshaped when viewed from posterior. Sternites and epipleurites with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile, denser on posterior sternites. Female sternite VII testaceous with large anterolateral piceous spots, single, deep, large V-shaped notch reaching posterior margin of sternite VI, posterolateral margin on either side of notch curved anterolaterad to straight lateral margin. Female abdominal segment 9 ground color ventrally, piceous dorsally and laterally castaneous posteriorly, dorsal beak piceous, covered with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile ventrally. Dorsal beak not as long as piceous anal styles. Posterior margin of abdominal segment 9 straight.

Genitalia. Male pygofer piceous except ground color ventrally and ground color dorsoposterior margin, distal shoulder undeveloped, smoothly curved, not reaching to anal tube, dorsal beak absent, pygofer with short silvery pile. Upper pygofer lobe absent, pygofer basal lobes elongated, adpressed to lateral pygofer, flattened, angled dorsally at oblique angle, extending more than half pygofer length, widening distal to angle before tapering to leaf-like apex, apex against lateral pygofer margin. Anal styles piceous margined with ground color, radiating short silvery pile, anal tube piceous with ground color anterior and posterior margins. Median uncus lobe piceous, elongated, undivided, angled posteriorly from base, distal third curving toward sternite VIII, widening laterally from base before tapering to transverse posterior margin, small ground color ridge on dorsal surface midline, ventral surface piceous, ventral surfaces recurved, almost meeting along midline expanding to small hole near distal terminus for extension of aedeagus, radiating silvery pile. Aedeagus castaneous, basal aedeagus tubular, dark castaneous, terminus not visible in type series.

Female gonocoxite IX castaneous with ground color ventral margin, gonapophysis IX castaneous, gonapophysis X piceous. Ovipositor sheath not reaching to tip of dorsal beak. Long golden pile radiating from ovipositor sheath.

Measurements (mm). n= 4♂, 1♀, mean (range). Length of body: ♂ 17.11 (16.70–17.55), ♀ 17.65; length of fore wing: ♂ 17.85 (17.15–18.40), ♀ 18.15; width of fore wing: ♂ 6.66 (6.45–6.85), ♀ 6.60; length of head: ♂ 2.86 (2.7–2.95), ♀ 2.70; width of head including eyes: ♂ 5.59 (5.35–5.80), ♀ 5.65; width of pronotum including suprahumeral plates: ♂ 5.93 (5.60–6.30), ♀ 6.05; width of mesonotum: ♂ 5.21 (4.90–5.50), ♀ 5.05.

Song. (n=7: holotype, 2 paratypes, and 4 uncaptured males from Maule Region, Colchagüa Pr.) A unique combination of a brisk 9.50± 0.37 s- 1 repetition rate of short echemes of duration 0.07± 0.00 s. The dominant frequency band is 9.87–12.03 kHz (mean dominant frequency=10.92±0.19 kHz).

Diagnosis. Another of the smaller of the Chilecicada species. This new species can be distinguished by having in combination a body length between 16.70–17.65 mm, fore wing length between 17.15–18.40 mm, fore wing basal cell about 3.14 times longer than broad, ground color proximal fore wing basal cell, no fascia separating the fore wing costa and radius + subcostal veins, a triangular meracanthus, a piceous mark on the medial opercular margin, semicircular posteromedial operculum, abdominal epipleurites with a central spot, and a narrow uncus that is piceous with ground color dorsal fascia with the distal third bent. The rapid echeme song resembles the songs of C. citatatemporaria and C. occidentis but is half the rate of those species.

Distribution. The species is known from the type series collected in multiple localities in the Metropolitana and O’Higgins Regions of central Chile.

Figures

PLATE 1. Living habitus of Chilecicada species. A. C. citatatemporaria PARATOPOTYPE, Región de Valparaíso, Provincia de Petorca; B. C. culenesensis PARATOPOTYPE specimen PL714, Región Metropolitana; C. C. impartemporaria PARATYPE, Región de Valparaíso, Provincia de Petorca; D. C. magna HOLOTYPE specimen JM037, Región del Maule; E. C. mapuchensis HOLOTYPE specimen PL518, Región Metropolitana; F. C. occidentis Región Metropolitana, Provincia de Santiago; G. C. oraria PARATOPOTYPE, Región del Maule, Provincia de Cauquenes; H. C. parrajaraorum HOLOTYPE specimen PL722, Región O’Higgins; I. C. partemporaria; J. C. pehuenchesensis PARATYPE specimen PL516, Región Metropolitana; K. C. trifascia HOLOTYPE specimen PL430, Región O’Higgins; L. C. trifasciunca PARATOPOTYPE specimen PL515, Región Metropolitana; M. C. viridicitata PARATOPOTYPE, Región O’Higgins, Provincia de Cochagüa.

PLATE 3. Waveforms of Chilecicada songs. Left column 5 s oscillogram windows show echemes and echeme sequences, right column 0.5 s windows show pulses and syllables within echemes.

PLATE 5. Distribution of Chilecicada from records reported in this work.

FIGURE 14. Chilecicada viridicitata n. sp.: A, Holotype male and paratype female habitus; B, holotype male dorsum; C, holotype male timbal; D, holotype male operculum; E, paratype female operculum; F, paratype male lateral view of genitalia; G, paratype male posterior view of genitalia; H, paratype female lateral view of genitalia; I, paratype female ventral view of genitalia. Scale bar: A, 2 cm; B, 2 mm; C–G, 1 mm; H–I, 2 mm.