Chilicola (Heteroediscelis) curvapeligrosa Monckton

Monckton, Spencer K., 2016, A revision of Chilicola (Heteroediscelis), a subgenus of xeromelissine bees (Hymenoptera, Colletidae) endemic to Chile: taxonomy, phylogeny, and biogeography, with descriptions of eight new species, ZooKeys 591, pp. 1-144 : 36-40

Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Colletidae

Chilicola (Heteroediscelis) curvapeligrosa Monckton sp. n. Figs 9 C–D; 10 A–B; 24 A–B; 34 A–J; 49

Diagnosis.

Males are diagnosable by the combination of S1 process in lateral view having a rounded anterior apical angle, malar space subequal to or slightly shorter than the clyperal lateral, and first flagellomere no longer than wide. Females are diagnosable by the combination of malar space subequal in length to the clypeal lateral (0.9 –1×)and leg colouration with apex of metatibia black-brown and following parts brown: apicodorsal spot on mesotibia, apicodorsal rim of metafemur, basidorsal spot on metatibia. Females of Chilicola mavida are most similar, but have lighter leg colouration (apicodorsal spot on mesotibia yellow-brown, apicodorsal rim of metafemur yellow, wide basal ring of metatibia yellow, posterior apical rim of metatibia yellow-brown).

Description.

Male (Holotype). Length 5.7mm, forewing length 3.5mm, head width 1.2mm, thorax width 1.2mm, median ocellar diameter (OD) 0.13mm.

Colouration: Black-brown, following parts yellow: labrum; clypeus except broadly dark brown along epistomal suture and apex yellow along entire width; lower paraocular area, extending ~1OD above transverse portion of epistomal suture medially, further laterally but not reaching lower tangent of antennal socket; apicoventral surface of scape; protrochanter apical rim posteriorly; apex of profemur broadly on anterior surface, narrowly on posterior surface; dorsal surface of protibia, including dorsal half of anterior surface; narrow apical ring on mesofemur; basal and apical ring of mesotibia, the latter extending to cover apical half of anterodorsal surface; apicodorsal rim of metafemur; ventral surface of metatibia, as well as dorsal surface in basal quarter, narrowly yellow apically except broad around apical lamina and posterior concavity; basal half of metabasitarsus ventrally; anterior spot on tegula; apex of T7. Following parts orange-brown: ventral surface of antenna from apical half of pedicel to terminal flagellomere, narrowing basad on pedicel and F1; ventral surface of mesobasitarsus. Apicoventral rim of metacoxa and metatrochanters translucent yellow. Apical half of prodistitarsus brown. Metasoma black, T1-T6 amber marginal zones to translucent at margins.

Pubescence: White, hairs generally short (0.5OD) and sparse, not especially plumose; on lower paraocular area and around antennal base moderately long and moderately dense (1OD); genal beard long and dense (0.5-3OD) longest at midlength; discs of mesoscutum, scutellum, and metanotum mostly bare, few short hairs (0.5OD), longer and denser toward lateral margin as follows: mesoscutum (0.5-1OD), scutellum (1-2OD) also on posterior margin, longest posteromedially, metanotum (≤2OD); propodeal hairs moderately long and dense dorsolaterally (0.5-1.5OD); T1-T2 apicolateral patches of tomentum (0.5-1OD), T3 apicolateral hair band sparse, not tomentose; S2 hairs long and dense (1.5OD basolaterad, 1OD distilaterad, shorter mesad).

Surface sculpture: Microsculpture imbricate, integument generally dull; punctures generally small and deep. Clypeus and supraclypeal and lower paraocular areas moderately densely punctate (i=1-2d) except clypeus sparsely punctate medially (i=2-3d); frontal area very densely punctate (i≤0.5d), densely punctate around ocelli (i≤d); ocellocular space moderately densely punctate adjacent to compound eye (i=1-2d) becoming impunctate adjacent to lateral ocellus; vertexal area densely punctate (i≤d); scape shallowly and moderately densely punctate (i=1-2d) densely punctate apicoventrally (i≤d); genal area microstriate and moderately densely punctate (i≤2d); hypostomal area rough, weakly imbricate and densely punctate (i=d); pronotum moderately densely punctate (i=1-2d), lateral surface coarsely imbricate; mesoscutum densely punctate (i=0.5-1d) sparser laterally (i=1-2d) crowded around median (i≤d); scutellum moderately densely punctate (i=1-2d) crowded around median (i≤d); mesepisternum irregularly punctate, sparse below scrobe (i=2-3d), sparser anterior of episternal groove (i≥3d), impunctate just dorsad of scrobe, otherwise irregularly spaced on hypoepimeral area (i=1-3d); metanotum moderately densely punctate (i=1-2d) punctures crowded around median and anteriorly (i≤0.5d); metepisternum densely punctate (i≤d) distinctly longitudinally striate anterodorsally; metapostnotum rugose; propodeum coarsely imbricate, moderately densely punctate (i=1-2d); T1-T5 coarsely imbricate and moderately densely punctate (i≤2d); T6 coarsely imbricate posteriorly and moderately densely punctate (i=1-2d); T7 moderately densely punctate (i=1-3d); marginal zones of terga weakly imbricate and shiny, minutely punctate.

Structure: Labrum ~2.4 × wider than long (22:9); length of malar space subequal to that of clypeal lateral (7:7.5); LOT at level of anterior tentorial pits; clypeus ~1.1 × as long as maximum width in frontal view (31:28) extending for half its length beyond LOT and convex above anterior tentorial pit, in lateral view bulging ~1OD above compound eye; median longitudinal groove on clypeus present in dorsal half, absent ventrad; subantennal sutures ~1.1 × as long as the shortest distance between them (15:13.5); IAD nearly double AOD (12.5: 6.5); scape ~2.5 × as long as maximum width (23:9); pedicel as long as wide (8:8); F1 as long as wide (8.5:8.5); F2 ~1.4 × as long as F1 and slightly shorter than F3 (F2:F3 - 12:12.5); UOD ~1.4 × LOD, IOD ~ 1.1 × UOD (UOD:IOD:LOD - 48:52:34); frontal line carinate between antennal bases for a length less than 0.5OD, flat just below median ocellus for a length of ~1OD, otherwise undefined; MOC subequal to width of head (84:85); OOC two-thirds IOC (12:18); genal area approximately half as wide as eye in lateral view (16:30); ratio of lengths of mesoscutum: scutellum: metanotum: metapostnotum - 58:21:11:17; probasitarsus ~3.4 × as long as maximum depth (22:6.5); prodistitarsus ~0.9 × as long as preceding three tarsomeres combined (from II to V - 6:5:4.5:14); metafemur ~1.7 × as long as maximum depth (65:38); summit of metatibial ventral convexity near tibial apex; metatibia less than twice as long as maximum depth (51:28); in apical view apical lamina of metatibia broad and thick, length ~1.1 × OD (10:9); ventral metatibial carina bowed ventrad and absent basally, originating at midpoint of weakly sigmoid posterior carina; metabasitarsus 3.7 × as long as maximum depth (37:10); S1 process apical surface with a longitudinal median ridge, in lateral view anterior and posterior margins subparallel apically and median ridge projecting posteriorly from apex. S7 apodemal arm sclerotized margin terminating laterally at arm midlength; ventral lobe narrow, almost linear; dorsal lobe roughly triangular, wide at base and narrow apically, with row of setae long basally and shorter apically. S8 lateral process ~0.9 × as wide as long, anteromedial sclerotized margin wide and following marginal contour. Gonobase apicoventral truncate process biconvex and distinctly notched by a width less than one convexity.

Female (Allotype). Length 5.0mm, forewing length 3.0mm, head width 1.0mm, thorax width 1.1mm, median ocellar diameter (OD) 0.10mm.

Colouration: Black to black-brown except as follows: mandible with yellow basal spot, translucent yellow in apical half except apex translucent brown. Following parts brown: apicoventral margin of pedicel; apical two-thirds of prodistitarsus; apicodorsal spot on mesotibia; apicodorsal rim of metafemur; basidorsal spot on metatibia. Following parts yellow-brown: ventral surface of antenna from F3 to terminal flagellomere, flagellomeres suffused with darker brown basally; posterior surface of mesobasitarsus. Following parts yellow: dorsal surface of protibia; narrow basal ring on mesotibia; anterior spot on tegula. Metasoma brown, T1-T5 marginal zones amber to translucent yellow at margins.

Pubescence: As in male except as follows: clypeal hairs short and sparse (0.5OD); genal beard sparse (0.5-2OD); discs of mesoscutum, scutellum, and metanotum with sparse short hairs (≤0.5OD), longer and denser toward lateral margin of mesoscutum (0.5OD), and toward lateral and posterior margins of scutellum (1-1.5OD) longest posteromedially; propodeal hairs moderately long and dense dorsolaterally (0.5-1OD); scopae on metafemur and metatibia (1-1.5OD); T1-T2 apicolateral patches of tomentum (0.5-1OD), T3 apicolateral hair band sparse, not tomentose; S1 hairs long and moderately dense (≤2.5OD); S2 scopal hairs (1-2.5OD).

Surface sculpture: As in male except as follows: lower paraocular area densely punctate (i=d); frontal area densely punctate (i≤d); vertexal area moderately densely punctate (i=1-2d); scape shallowly and moderately densely punctate (i=1-2d); genal area very weakly imbricate and moderately densely punctate (i=1-2d); hypostomal area glossy apically and moderately densely punctate (i=1-2d); mesoscutum and scutellum densely punctate (i=0.5-1d); mesepisternum irregularly punctate, sparse below scrobe and anterior of episternal groove (i≥3d), impunctate just dorsad of scrobe, otherwise irregularly spaced on hypoepimeral area (i=1-3d); metanotum moderately densely punctate (i=0.5-2d); metapostnotum rugose; T1-T5 punctures small and sparse (i≥2d); T6 moderately densely punctate (i=1-2d).

Structure: Labrum ~2.3 × wider than long (21.5:9.5); malar space ~0.9 × as long as clypeal lateral (6.5:7.5); LOT at level of anterior tentorial pits; clypeus slightly longer than maximum width in frontal view (29:27) extending for half its length beyond LOT and convex above anterior tentorial pit as in male; median longitudinal groove weak on clypeus; subantennal sutures ~1.1 × as long as the shortest distance between them (13.5:12); IAD 1.5 × AOD (12:8); scape ~3.2 × as long as maximum width (21:6.5); pedicel ~1.33 × as long as wide (8:6); F1 slightly longer than wide (6.5:6); F2 ~0.75 × as long as F1 (5) and ~0.8 × as long as F3 (6); UOD ~1.3 × LOD, IOD ~1.1 × UOD (UOD:IOD:LOD - 45:49:34); frontal line carinate in lower half, flat above; MOC longer than width of head (80:74); OOC ~0.7 × IOC (12:17.5); genal area about two thirds as wide as eye in lateral view (17:25); ratio of lengths of mesoscutum: scutellum: metanotum: metapostnotum - 53:20:9:14; probasitarsus ~3.1 × as long as maximum depth (20:6.5); prodistitarsus ~1.2 × as long as preceding three tarsomeres combined (from II to V - 5:4:3:14); metafemur 2.75 × as long as maximum depth (44:16); metatibia ~4.2 × as long as maximum depth (55:13); metabasitarsus 4 × as long as maximum depth (34:8.5).

Type material

(27 males & 49 females). Holotype (male): RM Santiago, Farellones, Camino a Valle Nevado, S 33.3700°, W 70.2786°, 2393m, 31.xii.2008, L. Packer, on Phacelia , CHI09-2-3-005 (PCYU); Allotype (female): RM Santiago, Farellones, Curva 31, S 33.3563°, W 70.3248°, 2179m, 31.xii.2008, L. Packer, on Echium vulgare , CHI09-2-2-015 (PCYU); Paratypes: RM Santiago: three males and three females, same data as holotype, CHI09-2-3-003, CHI09-2-3-006, CHI09-2-3-008, B09997-B10 Bees of Chile591 // CHI09-2-3-004, CHI09-2-3-001, CHI09-2-3-002 (PCYU); one male, same data as allotype (PCYU); one female, same data as allotype, CHI09-2-2-017 (PCYU); one female, Farellones, Curva 33, S 33.3543°, W 70.3195°, 2295m, 30.xii.2012, L. Packer & R. Smith (PCYU); two males, Farellones, S 33.354°, W 70.317°, 2385m, 1.i.1973, A. Moldenke (AMNH); two males, Farellones, S 33.3535°, W 70.3168°, 2385m, 9.i.2009, L. Packer, CHI09-12-3-003, CHI09-12-3-004 (PCYU); one female, Farellones, S 33.2208°, W 70.1633°, 2464m, 31.xii.2008, L. Packer (PCYU); five males and one female, Farellones, Valle Nevado, S 33.354°, W 70.249°, 3026m, 9.xii.2006, L. Packer (PCYU); one female, same locality, 1.i.1973, A. Moldenke (AMNH); two males and two females, Valle Nevado, S 33.3411°, W 70.2950°, 2596m, 9.i.2009, L. Packer, CHI09-10-2-008, CHI09-10-2-009, CHI09-10-2-010, CHI09-10-2-011 (PCYU); one male and two females, Valle Nevado, S 33.856°, W 69.9804°, 3000m, 8.i.2009, L. Packer, CCDB-03755 G03 // CHI09-10-2-004, CCDB-03755 H02 // CHI09-10-2-003, CHI09-10-2-002 (PCYU); three males and three females, Valle Nevado, S 33.3622°, W 70.2576°, 2677m, 31.xii.2008, L. Packer, on Phacelia (PCYU); one male, same data, CHI09-2- 5 -011 (PCYU); two females, E of El Volcán, S 33.8181°, W 70.021°, 2228m, 15. ii– 22.iii.2013, S. Monckton & J. Postlethwaite, pan traps (PCYU); one male and one female, Río Yeso, Hwy G-455 km 18.1, S 33.6942°, W 70.1120°, 2337m, 1-8.2013, L. Packer & R. Smith (PCYU); two males and one female, same locality, 27. ii– 22.iii.2013, S. Monckton & J. Postlethwaite, pan traps (PCYU); three females, Valle El Yeso, Hwy G-457, km 16, S 33.6247°, W 69.9584°, 2705m, 7.i-26.ii.2013, S. Monckton & J. Postlethwaite, pan traps (PCYU); one female, same locality and collectors, 26.ii-23.iii.2013 (PCYU); nine females, Termas del Plomo, S 33.6209°, W 69.9196°, 2938m, 31.xii.2012, L. Packer & R. Smith (PCYU); two females, same data (BBSL); two females, same data (CTMI); one female, same locality 31.xii.2012- 7.i.2013, L. Packer & R. Smith, pan trap, CCDB-19991 C04 (PCYU); four females, same locality, 26.ii-21.iv.2013, S. Monckton & J. Postlewaite, pan traps (PCYU); Region VI: two females, Colchagua, Vegas del Flaco, S 34.961°, W 70.432°, 1735m, 28-30.vi.1957, L. Peña (AMNH); one male, Termas del Flaco, S 34.961°, W 70.432°, 1734m, ii.1967, M. Guzman (PUCV); three females, same locality, 7.ii.1967, H. Toro (PUCV); two females, same data (AMNH); Region VII: one male and one female, Río Teno, Paso Vergara control post, S 35.1381°, W 70.4783°, 1789m, 28.ii-21.iii.2013, S. Monckton & J. Postlethwaite, pan traps (PCYU). Non-type material (4 males & 2 females): RM Santiago: one male, Cerro Roble, nr. Til-til, S 32.976°, W 71.014°, 2200m, 17.xi.2001, L. Packer (PCYU); one male, same date and collector, 18.xi.2001 (PCYU); one male, same data, CCDB-03755 F09 (PCYU); one female, same date and collector, 19.xi.2001 (PCYU); one female, same locality, 20.i.2004, collector unknown (PCYU); one male, Espinalillo, S 33.0050°, W 70.9406°, 877m, 5.x.2013, L.Packer (PCYU).

Variation.

Some males have the clypeal apex brown laterad. Some females have the apicoventral margin of F1 and F2 brown or yellow-brown, and/or a yellow-brown or brown spot on the lower paraocular area below the anterior tentorial pit. Many females have an orange-brown metasoma with the gradulus and usually disc of T1-T6 brown, or at minimum darker than the pregradular and marginal zones. Males from Cerro El Roble and Espinalillo have the F1 longer than wide, as in Chilicola mavida , but resemble Chilicola curvapeligrosa in both colouration and malar space length; females from these localities are consistent with the diagnosis of Chilicola curvapeligrosa .

Distribution.

Southern Andean from Farellones (RM Santiago) south to Paso Vergara (Region VII), also known from Cerro El Roble and Espinalillo (RM Santiago) in the Central Coastal Cordillera; 877-3026m a.s.l.

Ecology.

Collected on Echium vulgare L. (3 records) and Phacelia Juss. (14 records). Recorded October to April and June.

Etymology.

The specific epithet is a nounphrase inspired by the signs encountered on the road leading to the type locality; it refers to the hairpin turns used to achieve high elevation. It is to be treated as a noun in apposition.

Comments.

Specimens from Cerro El Roble and Espinalillo may belong to a divergent population, distinct from those found at higher altitudes in the Andes, and are thus excluded from the type series (see variation, above).