Cladomorphus phyllinus Gray, 1835: 15

Hennemann, Frank H. & Conle, Oskar V., 2024, Studies on Neotropical Phasmatodea XXVI: Taxonomic review of Cladomorformia tax. n., a lineage of Diapheromerinae stick insects, with the descriptions of seven new genera and 41 new species (Phasmatodea: Occidophasmata: Diapheromerinae), Zootaxa 5444 (1), pp. 1-454 : 46

3. Cladomorphus phyllinus Gray, 1835: 15 . HT, ♀: Brazil; Cladomorphus phyllinus [MVMA]. ( Figs. 3D , 4A , 15A–B , 16C–D , 17 F-G, 17A, 18G-J, 18A–D, 83B, 90A, 94A, 98H, 121A–E)

= Phibalosoma coronata Stål, 1875: 80 . HT, ♀ (nymph): Brasilia; Type; Phibalosoma coronata Stål [NHRS]. (Synonymised by Redtenbacher, 1908: 426)

= Cladomorphus dilatipes Gray, 1835: 15 . HT, ♀ (nymph): Holotype; 44/22; dilatipes .; Cladomorphus dilatipes Gray ; BMNH(E) #844936 [NHMUK]. (Synonymised by Redtenbacher, 1908: 426)

Prisomera histrio Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 287 . HT, ♀ (nymph): Buru, Marz Doherty, ex coll. H. Fruhstorfer; Collectio Br. v. W.; det. Br. v. W. Prisomera histrio ; 24.345 [NHMW, No. 558]. syn. n.

= Phibalosoma lepelletieri Gray, 1835: 42 . ST, ♂: Brazil [OUMNH—not traced]; ST, ♂: Brazil [NHMUK—not traced]. (Synonymised by Kirby, 1904: 356)

= Cladomorphus petropolisensis Costa, Mallet & Takiya, 2022: 9, figs. 2-8. HT, ♀: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Petrópolis , 25 May 2022, Jane Costa col. [ CEIOC] .

Remarks: Since the holotype of Cladomorphus phyllinus , which Gray (1835: 15) stated to be in “Coll. D. Children &c.” and hence should be in BMNH, has not been traced the designation of a neotype may become necessary. The three species that were erroneously synonymised with C. phyllinus by Zompro & Domenico (2005) are here shown to represent a different species (see C. tuberculatus (Toledo Piza, 1936) below). The acutely tri-spinose praeopercular organ on abdominal sternum VII frequently distinguishes ♀♀ of C. phyllinus from those of all other five species in the genus. Slight variation in the shape of the praeopercular organ is however seen depending on the locality. The prominent and acutely pointed sub-basal spine on the two outer ventral carinae of the meso- and metafemora of ♀♀ is shared with the very similar C. rubus ( Saussure, 1859) . Examination of the HT of Prisomera histrio Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907 in NHMW, has shown this to be a ♀ nymph of C. phyllinus and hence a synonym (syn. n.). The locality “Buru” is certainly wrong.

Cladomorphus petropolisensis Costa et al., 2022 was described from a single ♀ (body length 203.0 mm) and ten eggs. The morphological characters that are said to differentiate C. petropolisensis from the sympatric C. phyllinus Gray, 1835 are very weak and all fall within the wide range intraspecific variability of phyllinus . The authors merely distinguish their species from a unique (!) very large 252.0 mm ♀ phyllinus from practically the same locality by the mesonotum bearing three instead of two enlarged median tubercles, the metafemora bearing an additional sub-basal spine on the posteroventral carina, having the posterior excrescences of abdominal tergum IV smaller, the subgenital plate relatively longer and by the eggs having a differently sculptured ornamentation of the operculum. Moreover, the authors detected alleged genetic distinction from phyllinus by analysing COI sequences. However, since the K2P intraspecific COI divergence for C. phyllinus is only based on samples from Petrópolis, but not from other localities throughout the wide distributional range of C. phyllinus , the divergence of 1.9% given for phyllinus must be doubted and the 4.5% divergence between phyllinus and petropolisensis are to be regarded as lying well within the genetic variability of C. phyllinus . Since all of the morphological characters mentioned as distinctive for petropolisensis are within the range of variability of phyllinus and also the molecular data cannot provide sufficient arguments for a specific distinction (personal communication with Victor Morais Ghirotto), petropolisensis is here synonymised with C. phyllinus (n. syn.).

Distribution: Brazil: Brazil [MHNG, MNHN, MIZT, NHMUK, ZMUH]; S - Brazil, Est. Santa Catarina [NHMW, ZMUH]; S-Brazil, Est. Santa Catarina, San Bento do Sul, Río Vermelho [FH]; S-Brazil, Est. Santa Catarina, Corupá [FH]; S - Brazil, Est. Santa Catarina, Joinville [UFPR]; S - Brazil, Est. Santa Catarina, São Francisco do Sul [UFPR];S-Brazil, Est. Paraná, Guaratuba [UFPR]; S-Brazil, Est. Santa Cruz do Sul [NHMW]; SE-Brazil, Est. São Paulo, Angatuba [MNRJ]; SE-Brazil, Est. São Paulo, Ypiranga [MZUSP]; E-Brazil, Est. Rio de Janeiro [MHNG, MNHN, MNRJ, NHMUK, NHMW, RMNH, ZMUH]; E-Brazil, Est. Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Jardín Botanico [MNRJ]; E-Brazil, Est. Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Mount Corcovado [USNM]; E-Brazil, Est. Rio de Janeiro, Teresópolis [CEIOC, NHMUK]; E-Brazil, Est. Rio de Janeiro, Petrópolis [CEIOC, MNRJ, UFPR]; E-Brazil, Est. Rio de Janeiro 15km NNE of Petrópolis [USNM]; E-Brazil, Est. Rio de Janeiro, Barra Mansa [CEIOC]; E-Brazil, Est. Bahia [MHNG, NHMUK, NHMW]; E-Brazil, Est. Espírito Santo [MHNG, NHMW, ZMUH, ZSMC, FH]; E-Brazil, Est. Espírito Santo, Linhares [RNV]; E-Brazil, Est. Espírito Santo, Santa Teresa [UFPR]; E-Brazil, Est. Espírito Santo, Alto Tirol 800 m [FH]; Argentina: NE-Argentina, Prov. Buenos Aires, Río Paraná, Zárate [ZMUH].

Figures

FIGURE 3. Terminalia of ♀♀: A. Phanocles ploiaria (Westwood, 1859); B. Globocalynda ruficollis sp. n. PT [ANSP]; C. Spinocloidea panamaense gen. n., sp. n. PT [coll. FH]; D. Cladomorphus phyllinus Gray, 1835 [coll. FH]; E. Phanocloidea muricata (Burmeister, 1838) [coll. FH]; F. Bacteria ferula (Berthold, 1827) [Diapheromerini: “Bacteriformia”].

FIGURE 4. Terminalia of ♂♂: A. Cladomorphus phyllinus Gray, 1835 [coll. FH]; B. Phanocles mutica (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) [coll. FH]; C. Alienobostra remiformis (Rehn, 1904) [coll. FH]; D. Xylodus adumbratus Saussure, 1859 [ZMUH]; E. Bacteria ferula (Berthold, 1827) [Diapheromerini: “Bacteroformia”; the white arrow indicates how stigmae VIII are shifted away from the anterior margin of abdominal segment VIII.

FIGURE 15. Cladomorphus Gray, 1835: A. C. phyllinus Gray, 1835 ♀ (Brazil, Espirito Santo), habitus dorsolateral view [coll. FH, No. 0184–1]; B. C. phyllinus Gray, 1835 ♀ (Brazil, Est. Rio de Janeiro, Jedenfalls), habitus dorsal view [ZMUH]; C. C. tuberculatus (Piza, 1936) ♀ (Argentina), habitus dorsolateral view [NHMW]; D. C. rubus (Saussure, 1861) ♀ (Brazil, San Antonio de Jesu), habitus dorsolateral view [ANSP].

FIGURE 16. Cladomorphus Gray, 1835: A. C. aborigenus (Giglio-Tos, 1910) ♀ HT (Brazil), habitus lateral view [MRSN]; B. C. pleuracanthus sp. n. ♀ HT (Brazil, Est. Bahia, Bana da Varzinha), habitus dorsal view [CEIOC]; C. C. phyllinus Gray, 1835 ♀, head and prothorax in lateral view [MNRJ]; D. C. phyllinus Gray, 1835 ♀, head and prothorax in lateral view [MNHU]; E. C. rubus (Saussure, 1861) ♀, head and prothorax in dorsolateral view [MNHU]; F. C. phyllinus Gray, 1835 ♂, head and pronotum and anterior portion of mesonotum in dorsal view [ZMUH]; G. C. phyllinus Gray, 1835 ♂, head and prothorax in dorsolateral view [coll. FH]; H. C. tuberculatus (Piza, 1936) ♀, head and prothorax in lateral view [MHNG].

FIGURE 17. Cladomorphus Gray, 1835: A. C.phyllinus Gray,1835 ♂ (Brazil,Santa Catharina,San Bento do Sul, RioVermelho), habitus dorsolateral view [coll. FH, No. 0184–5]; B. C. tuberculatus (Piza, 1936) ♂ (Brazil, Minas Gerais, Pirapora), habitus dorsolateral view [MNHN] (Arrows indicate the diagnostic characters, i. e. the dorsal crest of probasitarsus, cephalic horns, dorso-apicla lobe of meso- and metafemora and distinct medio-dorsaö lobe of mesotibiae); C. C. aborigenus (Giglio-Tos, 1910) ♂ (Brazil, R. G. Norie, Natal), habitus lateral view [MNRJ]; D. C. aborigenus (Giglio-Tos, 1910) ♂ (Brazil, R. G. Norie, Natal), habitus dorsal view [MNRJ]; E. C. tuberculatus (Piza, 1936) ♂, terminalia in lateral view [MNHN]; F. C. tuberculatus (Piza, 1936) ♂, terminalia in dorsal view [MNHN]; G. C. phyllinus Gray, 1835 ♂, terminalia in lateral view [ZMUH]; H. C. phyllinus Gray, 1835 ♂, terminalia in dorsal view [coll. FH]; J. C. phyllinus Gray, 1835 ♂, terminalia in ventral view [MNHU].