Claudecypria mesquitai, Almeida, Nadiny Martins De, Ferreira, Vitor Góis, Martens, Koen & Higuti, Janet, 2023

Almeida, Nadiny Martins De, Ferreira, Vitor Góis, Martens, Koen & Higuti, Janet, 2023, 5237, Zootaxa 5237, pp. 1-88 : 61-72

Claudecypria mesquitai gen. et spec. nov.

( Figs 38–45 )

Diagnosis. Cp suboval, LV overlapping RV, except in the middle of dorsal margin; anterior and posteroventral overlap the largest. Posteroventral tubercles on RV more prominent than anteroventral ones. LV with clear posteroventral flange.A2 with natatory setae well-developed, short accompanying seta absent; male A2 with four-segmented endopodite and with t2 and t3 transformed into sexual bristles. Rpp and Lpp asymmetrical. Rpp first segment strongly constricted in middle; with large and pointed dorsal outgrowth; second segment large, subtriangular, with curved dorsal side and a dorso-distal knob. Lpp with stout first segment, distally narrowing; second segment small and sickle-shaped, smoothly curved. T1 with one long and hirsute seta next to the two a-setae. T2 without d1 and d2 setae. T3 without dp and d2 setae in both male and female. CR with proximal seta short. Hp with two large and broad lobes; ls with broad stem, distally dilated and rounded; ms subquadrate, twice broader than long, reaching beyond halfway ls.

Differential diagnosis. Claudecypria mesquitai gen. et spec. nov. can be distinguished from other Physocypria s.l. species mainly by the exceptional morphology of the Hp and prehensile palps. Up to now, no Physocypria s.l. species has characteristics of the male reproductive appendages that even remotely approach those of C. mesquitai gen. et spec. nov. Regarding Cp morphology, C. mesquitai gen. et spec. nov. is somewhat similar to Keysercypria affinis , but has broader anterior and posterior margins of CpRl. Claudecypria mesquitai gen. et spec. nov. also has a short h3-seta on the T2, which is characteristic of Keysercypria affinis and diagnostic of the genus (see Discussion). The general shape of Physocypria circinata W̧rdig & Pinto, 1993 and of P. longiseta is also similar to the new species. However, in P. circinata , the LV does not overlap the RV as much as in the new species, especially in the antero and posteroventral sides.

Material examined. Type locality: South Matogrossense Pantanal , Carenda Forest Road , lake 1 ( PAN 09 ), in macrophytes. Coordinates: 19°43′39′′ S, 57°4′19′′ W .

Type material: Holotype: A male, with soft parts dissected in glycerine in a sealed slide and with valves stored dry in a micropaleontological slide ( MZUSP 43184 ).

Allotype: A female, dissected and stored as the holotype ( MZUSP 43185 ).

Paratypes: Two males dissected and stored as the holotype ( MZUSP 43186 , MZUSP 43187 (LV lost)) . Three male carapaces stored dry in micropaleontological slides ( MZUSP 43188 , MZUSP 43189 , MZUSP 43190 ) .

One female dissected and stored as the holotype ( MZUSP 43191 ) . Three female carapaces stored dry in micropaleontological slides ( MZUSP 43192 , MZUSP 43193 , MZUSP 43194 ) .

Etymology: The species is named in honour of Prof. Francesc “Paco” Mesquita-Joanes (University of Valencia, Spain), in recognition of his important contribution to the knowledge on ecology and taxonomy of freshwater ostracods, and in gratitude for years of friendship with KM.

Other material examined: South Matogrossense Pantanal : One male dissected and stored as the holotype ( NA099 (Cp lost)) from Carenda Forest Road, stream 1 (PAN 10) .

Measurements of illustrated specimens. See Table 2 .

Description of male. Valves with suboval shape, with greatest height just behind the middle on LV and in middle on RV. LVi ( Figs 38A, C–D ) with narrow calcified anterior and posterior inner lamella; and inwardly displaced inner list running along the anterior margin, ending in an internal anteroventral tooth; tubercle-sockets displaced along anteroventral and posteroventral margins.

RVi ( Figs 38B, E–F ) with narrow calcified anterior and posterior inner lamella and an inwardly displaced inner list along the anterior margin, disappearing in the anteroventral margin; strong marginal tubercles along the anteroventral and posteroventral margins, weakly along the middle of ventral margin.

CpRl ( Fig 38G ) with a suboval shape, with greatest height behind middle; LV overlapping RV along all margins, except in middle of dorsal side, with greatest overlap in anterior and posteroventral side. CpD ( Fig 38H ) and CpV ( Fig 38I ) with greatest width behind middle, external surface with shallow pits ( Fig 38J ).

A1 ( Fig 39A ) with seven segments. First segment large, with two long hirsute ventro-apical setae; one short hirsute dorsal seta; Wouter’s organ not seen. Second segment wider than long, with one short hirsute dorsal seta; Rome organ not seen. Segment with two apical setae: ventrally with one short seta slightly longer than fourth segment and dorsally with one short seta reaching middle of fourth segment. Fourth segment with two long dorsoapical setae and two unequally short ventro-apical setae. Fifth segment with four apical setae: two long dorsal ones reaching beyond tip of terminal segment and two ventral, ca. 2x length of fifth segment. Sixth segment with one short hirsute seta (5x length of terminal segment). Terminal segment with one short hirsute seta ca. 3x of length of the aesthetasc Ya.

A2 ( Fig 39B–C ) with protopodite, exopodite and four-segmented endopodite. Protopodite ventrally with one long apical hirsute seta reaching tip of terminal segment. Exopodite a small plate with one long hirsute seta (reaching tip of the terminal segment) and two shorter, unequal setae (one ca. 3x the length of shorter one). First endopodal segment ventrally with aesthetasc Y (ca. 1/2 length of segment), one long ventro-apical hirsute seta (reaching beyond tip of terminal segment), and five natatory setae, reaching well beyond tip of end claws; short accompanying seta missing. Second endopodal segment with four t-setae of unequal length (t1 long and hirsute, t2 and t3 stout and t4 short); dorsally with two unequally short setae; ventrally with aesthetasc y1 (same length of second endopodal segment) and aesthetasc y2 (reaching middle of terminal segment). Third endopodal segment apically with four claws (G1, G2, z1, z2) and two setae (G3, z3). Terminal segment ( Fig 39C ) with two claws, one long (GM) and one slightly short (Gm) claw, one aesthetasc y3 with accompanying seta (ca. 4x length of aesthetasc y3), and one g-seta, ca. 2/3 length of y3.

Md-palp ( Fig 40A ) with four segments. First segment with two long plumose setae (S 1 and S 2), one long smooth seta and short slender smooth α-seta. Second segment with two dorsal, unequally short setae; ventrally with stout hirsute β-seta (ca. 2/3 length of third segment) and four long setae (three hirsute and one smooth). Third segment with three groups of setae: dorsally one group of four setae (three unequally long and one short ca. 1/3 length of longest); lateral apical γ-seta (1/2 length of terminal segment) and three smooth setae (one long and two short, ca. 2/3 of longest); one ventral group with one seta reaching the middle of the terminal segment and one very short seta. Terminal segment with L ca. 2x basal width, with three unequally long claws and two short setae.

Md-coxa ( Fig 39D ) elongated, dorsally with a short seta, and with strong and apical teeth, interspaced with some setae.

Mx1 ( Fig 40B —chaetotaxy not complete) consisting of three masticatory lobes (endites), a two-segmented palp and a large branchial plate (not illustrated). Branchial plate elongated, with ca. 16 respiratory rays, some quite short, others longer. First segment of palp with five unequally short setae and one stout plumose setae at base of segment. Terminal segment of palp rectangular, ca. half-length of first segment of palp, apically with three claws and two setae (both ca. 1/2 length of claws). Third and second endites with two smooth claws. First endite short with two basal setae (one short and one long, about 2x length of short one).

T1 with protopodite ( Fig 41A ) and endopodite (asymmetrical prehensile palps) ( Figs 41B–C ). Protopodite apically with a group of 15 unequal and hirsute setae, two short a-setae, one smooth b-seta, one long and hirsute d-seta (ca. 2x length of b-seta), and one long and hirsute seta next to the two a-setae (almost 2x length of d-seta). Rpp ( Fig 41B ) with first segment strongly constricted in middle, with large dorsal outgrowth; second segment large, subtriangular, with curved dorsal side and a dorso-distal knob. Lpp ( Fig 41C ) with stout first segment, distally narrowing; second segment small and sickle-shaped, smoothly curved.

T2 ( Fig 40C ) with protopodite, including a “knee”-segment, and four endopodite segments. Protopodal segment without d1-seta. “Knee”-segment without d2-seta. First endopodal segment with one apical hirsute e-seta, slightly longer than second endopodal segment. Second endopodal segment with one apical hirsute f-seta, reaching beyond tip of third endopodal segment. Third endopodal segment with one subapical hirsute g-seta, reaching the tip of terminal segment, and one accompanying shorter seta. Terminal segment with hirsute h1 and h3-setae, the latter slightly shorter than h1, and apically one long and serrated h2-claw (ca. 2/3 the length of this segment).

T3 ( Fig 41E ) with four segments. First segment without dp-seta and with one short hirsute d1-seta (ca. 1/5 length of first segment), d2-seta missing. Second segment with one very short subapical e-seta. Third segment with two very short setae: medially f-seta and subapically g-seta. Terminal segment short, longer than wide, with three hirsute setae: one short h1-seta, one h2-seta more than twice the length of h1 and one long h3-seta, about as long as T3.

CR ( Fig 41F ) well-developed, with one short proximal hirsute seta (ca. 1/5 length of ramus), subapically with one serrated claw, apically with one long serrated claw and one short and hirsute seta.

CR attachment ( Fig 41G ) robust, with two branches: db short with a rounded protrusion distally and vb longer than db and without a protrusion.

Zenker’s organ ( Fig 41D ) about 3x longer than wide, with ca. 5 spiny whorls.

Hp ( Fig 41H ) with large and broad lobes; ls with broad stem, distally dilated and rounded; ms subquadrate, twice broader than long, reaching beyond halfway ls.

Description of female. CpRl ( Fig 42G ) as in the male. CpD ( Fig 42H ) and CpV ( Fig 42I ) with greatest width behind middle, external surface with shallow pits and setae ( Fig 42J ).

Valves with suboval shape, with greatest height just behind the middle on LV and in middle on RV. LVi ( Figs 42A, C–D ) higher than male, with narrow calcified anterior and posterior inner lamella; and inwardly displaced inner list running along the anterior margin, ending in an internal anteroventral tooth; tubercle-sockets displaced along anteroventral and posteroventral margins.

RVi ( Figs 42B, E–F ) higher than male, with narrow calcified anterior and posterior inner lamella and an inwardly displaced inner list along the anterior margin, disappearing in the anteroventral margin; strong marginal tubercles along postero-ventral margin, disappearing in the middle and few tubercles next to anterior side.

CpRl ( Fig 42G ) with a suboval shape, with greatest height behind middle; LV overlapping RV along all margins, except in middle of dorsal margin, with greatest overlap in anterior and posteroventral side. CpD ( Fig 42H ) and CpV ( Fig 42I ) with greatest width behind middle, external surface with shallow pits and setae ( Fig 42J ).

A1 ( Fig 43A ) with seven segments. First segment large, with two long ventro-apical hirsute setae and one short dorsal hirsute seta; Wouter’s organ not seen. Second segment wider than long, with one short hirsute dorsal seta; Rome organ not seen. Third segment with two apical setae: ventrally with one long seta slightly longer than fourth segment and dorsally with one short seta reaching middle of fourth segment. Fourth segment with two long dorso-apical setae and two unequally short ventro-apical setae. Fifth segment with four apical setae: two long dorsal reaching beyond tip of terminal segment and two ventral twice length of fifth segment. Sixth segment with one short hirsute seta (more than 5x length of terminal segment). Terminal segment with two long setae, one short aesthetasc Ya and one short hirsute seta, the latter twice length of aesthetasc Ya.

A2 ( Fig 43B–C ) with protopodite, exopodite and three-segmented endopodite. Protopodite ventrally with one long apical hirsute seta almost reaching tip of end claws. Exopodite a small plate with one long hirsute seta (reaching tip of terminal segment) and two unequally short setae (long one ca. 3x length of short one). First endopodal segment ventrally with aesthetasc Y (ca. 1/2 length of segment), one long ventro-apical hirsute seta (reaching beyond tip of terminal segment), and five long natatory setae, reaching well beyond tip of end claws; short accompanying seta absent. Second endopodal segment with four t-setae of unequally length (t1, t2 and t3 long and t4 very short); dorsally with two unequally short setae; ventrally with aesthetasc y1 (ca. 1/4 length of second endopodal segment) and aesthetasc y2 (reaching beyond middle of terminal segment). Third endopodal segment apically with three claws (G1, G1, G3) and three setae (z1, z2, z3). Terminal segment ( Fig 43C ) with accompanying setae (ca. 5x length of aesthetasc y3), and one g-seta, ca. 2/3 length of y3.

Md-palp ( Fig 44A ) with four segments. First segment with two long plumose setae (S 1 and S 2), one long smooth seta and short slender smooth α-seta. Second segment with two dorsal unequally short setae; ventrally with stout hirsute β-seta (ca. 2/3 length of third segment) and four long setae (three hirsute and one smooth). Third segment with three groups of setae: dorsal group with four setae (three unequally long and one short, ca. 1/4 length of longest); lateral apical γ-seta (1/2 length of the terminal segment) and three smooth setae (two unequally long setae and one shorter, ca. 1/2 length of the longest); ventral group with one short seta. Terminal segment with L ca. 2x basal width, with three unequally long claws and two short setae.

Md-coxa ( Fig 43D ) elongated, dorsally with a short seta, and with strong and apical teeth, interspaced with some setae.

Mx1 ( Fig 44B —chaetotaxy not complete) consisting of three masticatory lobes (endites), a two-segmented palp and a large branchial plate (not illustrated). Branchial plate elongated with ca. 16 respiratory rays, some quite short, others longer. First segment of palp with five unequally short setae and one stout plumose seta at base of segment. Terminal segment of palp rectangular, ca. half the length of first segment of palp, apically with three claws and two setae (both ca. 1/2 length of claws). Third and second endite with two smooth claws. First endite short with two basal setae (one short and one long, about 3x length of previous one).

T1 ( Fig 44C ) with protopodite apically with a group of 15 unequal and hirsute setae; two short a-setae, one smooth b-seta, one long and hirsute d-seta (more than half of the length of the segment), and one long and hirsute seta next to the two a-setae (almost 2x length of d-seta). Endopodite apically with one long and two short setae (one ca. 2/3 length of the long and one 1/2 length of the long).

T2 ( Fig 45A ) with protopodite, including a “knee”-segment, and four endopodite segments. Protopodal segment without d1-seta. “Knee”-segment without d2-seta. First endopodal segment with one apical hirsute e-seta, reaching tip of second endopodal segment. Second endopodal segment with one apical hirsute f-seta, slightly shorter than third segment. Third endopodal segment with one subapical hirsute g-seta, reaching tip of terminal segment. Terminal segment with one short hirsute h1-seta, one hirsute h3-seta, slightly shorter than h1-seta and apically with one long, strongly curved and serrated h2-claw (ca. 2/3 the length of this segment).

T3 ( Fig 45B ) with four segments. First segment without dp-seta and with one hirsute d1-seta (ca. 1/2 the length of the first segment), d2-seta missing. Second segment with one very short subapical e-seta. Third segment with two very short setae: medially f-seta and subapically g-seta. Terminal segment short, slightly longer than wide, with three hirsute setae: one short h1-seta, one longer h2-seta, more than twice the length of h1-seta and one very long h3-seta, about same length as T3.

CR ( Fig 45C ) well-developed, with long proximal hirsute Sp-seta (ca. 1/3 length of segment), subapically with strong serrated Gp-claw, apically with long serrated Ga-claw and short and hirsute Sa-seta.

CR attachment ( Fig 45D ) robust, with two branches: db short with a rounded protrusion distally and vb longer than db and without a protrusion.

Ecology and distribution. Claudecypria mesquitai gen. et spec. nov. was recorded only from South Matogrossense Pantanal, associated with different species of macrophytes. The water temperature was 21°C. The pH recorded was 7 and the electrical conductivity was 215 μS. cm-1 (see Table 1 ).

Figures

FIGURE 38. Claudecypria mesquitai gen. et spec. nov. ♁ from South Matogrossense Pantanal, Carenda Forest Road, lake 1 (PAN 09). A. LVi (MZUSP 43184). B. RVi (MZUSP 43184). C. LVi, detail of posterior part (MZUSP 43184). D. LVi, detail of anterior part (MZUSP 43184). E. RVi, detail of anterior part (MZUSP 43184). F. RVi, detail of posterior part (MZUSP 43184). G. CpRl (MZUSP 43188). H. CpD (MZUSP 43189). I. CpV (MZUSP 43190). J. CpRl, detail of anterior part showing the surface of Cp (MZUSP 43188). Scale bars: A–B, G–I = 250 μm; C–F, J = 100 μm. Arrow indicates anterior direction.

FIGURE 39. Claudecypria mesquitai gen. et spec. nov. ♁ from South Matogrossense Pantanal, Carenda Forest Road, lake 1 (PAN 09). A. A1 (MZUSP 43184). B. A2, without the terminal segment (MZUSP 43184). C. A2, terminal segment (MZUSP 43184). D. Md-coxa (MZUSP 43184). Scale bars: A–D = 50 μm.

FIGURE 40. Claudecypria mesquitai gen. et spec. nov. ♁ from South Matogrossense Pantanal, Carenda Forest Road, lake 1 (PAN 09). A. Md-palp (MZUSP 43184). B. Mx1 (MZUSP 43184). C. T2 (MZUSP 43184). Scale bars: A–C = 50 μm.

FIGURE 41. Claudecypria mesquitai gen. et spec. nov. ♁ from South Matogrossense Pantanal, Carenda Forest Road, lake 1 (PAN 09). A. T1 (MZUSP 43184). B. Rpp (MZUSP 43184). C. Lpp (MZUSP 43184). D. Zenker’s organ (MZUSP 43184). E. T3 (MZUSP 43184). F. CR (MZUSP 43184). G. CR attachment (MZUSP 43186). H. Hp (MZUSP 43184). Scale bars: A–H = 50 μm.

FIGURE 42. Claudecypria mesquitai gen. et spec. nov. ♀ from South Matogrossense Pantanal, Carenda Forest Road, lake 1 (PAN 09). A. LVi (MZUSP 43185). B. RVi (MZUSP 43185). C. LVi, detail of posterior part (MZUSP 43185). D. LVi, detail of anterior part (MZUSP 43185). E. RVi, detail of anterior part (MZUSP 43185) arrow indicates piths fitting teeth in opposing valve. F. RVi, detail of posterior part (MZUSP 43185). G. CpRl (MZUSP 43192). H. CpD (MZUSP 43193). I. CpV (MZUSP 43194). J. CpRl, detail of anterior part showing the surface of Cp (MZUSP 43192). Scale bars:A–B, G–I = 250 μm; C–F = 200 μm; J = 100 μm. Arrow indicates anterior direction.

FIGURE 43. Claudecypria mesquitai gen. et spec. nov. ♀ from South Matogrossense Pantanal, Carenda Forest Road, lake 1 (PAN 09). A. A1 (MZUSP 43185). B. A2, without the terminal segment (MZUSP 43185). C. A2, terminal segment (MZUSP 43185). D. Md-coxa (MZUSP 43185). Scale bars: A–D = 50 μm.

FIGURE 44. Claudecypria mesquitai gen. et spec. nov. ♀ from South Matogrossense Pantanal, Carenda Forest Road, lake 1 (PAN 09). A. Md-palp (MZUSP 43185). B. Mx1 (MZUSP 43185). C. T1 (MZUSP 43185). Scale bars: A–C = 50 μm.

FIGURE 45. Claudecypria mesquitai gen. et spec. nov. ♀ from South Matogrossense Pantanal, Carenda Forest Road, lake 1 (PAN 09). A. T2 (MZUSP 43191). B. T3 (MZUSP 43185). C. CR (MZUSP 43185). D. CR attachment (MZUSP 43185). Scale bars: A–D = 50 μm.