Clito anda

Grishin, Nick V., 2014, Two new species of Clito from South America and a revision of the Clito littera group (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Pyrginae), Zootaxa 3861 (3), pp. 231-248 : 237

C. anda Evans 1953 , new status

( Figs. 11–14 , 26 l–o, 27 part, 28 part)

C. anda differs most prominently from both C. littera and C. nebulosa in the cucullus being strongly bulged distad at the bend ( Figs. 26 l–o), while the ampulla is similar to C. littera . Wing patterns of these three species also amply differ, as stated in the key below and indicated on Fig. 27 . Due to these differences in genitalia and facies, it seems more reasonable to treat these taxa as distinct biological species rather than subspecies. In researching this question, a difficulty was encountered. Both valvae of C. anda [holo] type, glued to the carton card by Evans, have been damaged and the cuculli broken off. Apparently, the damage happened after the sketches had been made from them by Evans. These sketches: one pinned in the BMNH collection, the other one published in the book ( Evans 1953)—while being similar to each other, differ in slight details ( Figs. 26 n–o). Both show very prominent distal expansion of the cucullus (bulge). On the sketch from the collection, this bulge is less expressed, more consistent with a more accurate drawing by Austin (2000) of C. anda specimen from Brazil: Rondônia ( Fig. 26 l). This collection sketch shows a more prominent rise in the ampulla, also more similar to the Austin drawing, and, more importantly, more similar to the holotype valva ( Fig. 26 m). It appears that the collection sketch is more accurate. Importantly, since the cuculli were broken off the holotype genitalia mount, both of these sketches made from the holotype (TL: French Guiana, the sole [para] type was not dissected, see Figs. 13–14 ) and Austin drawing from a Rondônia specimen show the distal bulge of the cucullus in C. anda , thus setting this species apart from both C. littera and C. nebulosa , the two species without this distal expansion and the cucullus narrowing gradually towards the dorsally pointed tip. After Evan's work, two more Clito species with apparent phylogenetic affinities to C. littera have been discovered.

Figures

FIGURE 26. Male genitalia of Clito littera group species. a, g. C. littera lectotype, designated here, " Brasil ", P. Mabille collection 1923, R. Oberthür Coll., Brit. Mus. 1927 - 3, specimen No. BMNH (E) # 982948 [BMNH], in situ on a specimen, scales brushed off: a. various views rotating from right posterolateral through posterior to left posterolateral; g. ventrolateral (specimen Figs. 9 – 10); b, c. C. litteroides holotype, Venezuela: Aragua State, Rancho Grande [Biological Station, approximate GPS coordinates 10 ° 21 ' N 67 ° 41 ' W], elevation 1100 m, 4 - Jun- 1985, leg. S. S. Nicolay, genitalia vial NVG 130614 - 42 [USNM]: b. section of complete genitalia in posterolateral view; c. complete genitalia in lateral view and uncus with distal part of tegumen in dorsal view (specimen Figs. 7 – 8); d. C. nebulosa holotype, ventral, lateral and dorsal views of tegumen, uncus, gnathos and associated structures, lateral internal view of right valva, lateral view of penis, illustration from Mielke & Schröder (1994) (specimen Figs. 15 – 16); e, f. C. trinidadensis holotype, Trinidad, Morne Catherine, 24 - Mar- 1982, leg. M. J. W. Cock, specimen No. BMNH (E) # 982949 [BMNH], dorsal and lateral views of tegumen, uncus, gnathos and associated structures, lateral internal view of right valva, lateral view of penis, illustration from Cock (1998) (specimen Figs. 17 – 18); h. C. palotschka paratype, Ecuador: Esmeraldas Prov., El Durango, km 39 Lita – San Lorenzo road, 1 ° 02.45 ' N, 78 ° 38.06 ' W, 230 - 300 m, {25, 27} - Aug- 2002, leg. J. P. W. Hall & M. A. Solis [USNM], complete genitalia in lateral view and uncus with distal part of tegumen in dorsal view (specimen Figs. 5 – 6); i. C. jonkersi holotype, Surinam, Domburg, 8 - Mar- 1975, leg. E. H. Jonkers [RMNH], lateral internal view of left valva and lateral view of uncus and gnathos, illustration from de Jong (1983) (specimen Figs. 19 – 20); j. C. palotschka paratype, Ecuador: Esmeraldas Prov., El Durango, km 39 Lita – San Lorenzo road, 1 ° 02.45 ' N, 78 ° 38.06 ' W, 230 - 300 m, {25, 27} - Aug- 2002, leg. J. P. W. Hall & M. A. Solis [USNM], right valva and uncus in situ on a specimen, scales brushed off (specimen Figs. 3 – 4); k. C. palotschka holotype, Ecuador: Esmeraldas Prov., El Durango, km 39 Lita – San Lorenzo road, 1 ° 02.45 ' N, 78 ° 38.06 ' W, 230 - 300 m, 4 - Mar- 2001, leg. D. H. Ahrenholz [USNM], right valva in situ on a specimen, scales brushed off (specimen Figs. 1 – 2); l. C. anda, Brazil: Rondônia, Cacaulândia municipality, Fazenda Rancho Grande, genitalia No. GTA 4377, illustration from Austin (2000), ventral, lateral and dorsal views of tegumen, uncus, gnathos and associated structures, lateral internal view of right valva, lateral view of penis; m – o. C. anda [holo] type, French Guiana, Collect. C. Bar, R. Oberthür Coll., Brit. Mus. 1931 – 136, specimen No. BMNH (E) # 982947 [BMNH] (specimen Figs. 11 – 12), left valva on m. and Evans's sketches: n. pinned in the collection [BMNH]; o. published, and more stylized, version (Evans 1953), lateral internal view of left valva, lateral and ventral views of uncus, gnathos and distal half of penis. Species name is given below each image, holotypes and paratypes are labeled as HT and PT. Gray " F " indicates mirror image (left-right inverted). Images a, f, g, m – o. are copyright (©) Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London (used with permission).

FIGURE 27. Visual keys to species in the Clito littera group. Dorsal and ventral aspects for each species are shown on the left and right of the species name, respectively. Images shown are illustrations, sometimes composed of photographic segments from left and right sides and digitally edited to highlight the wing patterns instead of imperfections in specimens. Images are set to be approximately the same size. Unedited and to scale photographs of specimens are shown in Figs. 1 – 20. Since these species are defined on the basis of male genitalia, which are likely to be diagnostic, wing pattern characters are preliminary due to exceedingly small samples of available specimens, and exceptions are expected. Wing pattern characters should be treated as suggestions for further research. Photographs of C. jonkersi and C. nebulosa are by Bernard Hermier and Ernst Brockmann, respectively. Images of C. littera, C. trinidadensis and C. anda are copyright (©) Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London (used with permission).

FIGURES 9 – 16. Type specimens of Clito from the C. littera group. 9 – 10. C. littera lectotype, designated here, " Brasil ", P. Mabille collection 1923, R. Oberthür Coll., Brit. Mus. 1927 - 3, specimen No. BMNH (E) # 982948 (genitalia Fig. 26 a, g); 11 – 12. C. anda [holo] type, French Guiana, Collect. C. Bar, R. Oberthür Coll., Brit. Mus. 1931 - 136, specimen No. BMNH (E) # 982947; (genitalia Fig. 26 m, n, o); 13 – 14. C. anda [para] type, French Guiana: Cayenne, R. Oberthür Coll., Brit. Mus. 1931 - 136, specimen No. BMNH (E) # 1054238; 15 – 16. C. nebulosa holotype, Bolivia, Rio Songo, 750 m, Coll. Fassl (genitalia Fig. 26 d). All specimens are males. Dorsal and ventral surfaces are shown on odd- and even-numbered figures, respectively. Labels are shown in-line with the specimen images. Labels are reduced 2.5 times compared to specimens: small scale bar below C. littera labels refers to labels, and larger scale bars refer to specimens. 15 – 16 is in SMF collection and is photographed by Ernst Brockmann, other specimens are in BMNH collection and images are copyright (©) Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London (used with permission).