Cloeon perkinsi Barnard, 1932

Yanai, Zohar, Graf, Wolfram, Terefe, Yonas, Sartori, Michel & Gattolliat, Jean-Luc, 2020, Re-description and range extension of the Afrotropical mayfly Cloeon perkinsi (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae), European Journal of Taxonomy 617, pp. 1-23 : 6-13

Cloeon perkinsi Barnard, 1932

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6778B321-3190-44E4-AB60-A063A3B97FAC

Figs 1 , 4–8

Material examined

Material includes female imagos (♀), female subimagos (s ♀), male imagos (♂), male subimagos (s ♂), and nymphs of both sexes (N).

ETHIOPIA • 63 ♀♀, 4 s ♀♀, 4 ♂♂; Awash River , Lafessa; 8 Nov. 2017; Graf W. and Terefe Y. leg.; MZL • 4 ♂♂; Awash River , Wonji; 9 Nov. 2017; Graf W. leg.; MZL • 1 ♂; Awash River , Korkada; 10 Nov. 2017; Graf W. leg.; MZL .

ISRAEL • 1 N; Lakhish Stream ; 1 Oct. 2014; Elron E. leg.; SMNH • 2 ♀♀; Tel-Aviv, Tel-Aviv University botanical gardens; 17 Nov. 2014; Morgulis E. leg.; MZL • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; SMNH • 5 ♀♀, 2 s ♀♀, 6 ♂♂, 8 N; Hula swamp; 1 Dec. 2014; Yanai Z. leg.; SMNH • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; MZL • 1 ♂, 1 N; Upper Jordan River ; 8 Dec. 2014; Yanai Z. leg.; SMNH • 2 N; Hula swamp; 29 Apr. 2015; Goren L. leg.; SMNH • 1 ♀, 1 ♂; Upper Jordan River ; 18 Jul. 2015; Yanai Z. leg.; SMNH • 4 N (1 on slide); Alexander Stream ; 12 Nov. 2015; Yanai Z. leg.; SMNH • 4 ♀♀, 2 s ♀♀, 13 ♂♂, 8 s ♂♂; Yessud haMa’ala; 1 Oct. 2016; Yanai Z. leg.; SMNH • 2 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; MZL • 24 N (2 on slide); Hula swamp; 16 Nov. 2016; Yanai Z. and Goren L. leg.; SMNH • 6 N; same data as for preceding; MZL • 16 N (1 on slide); Hula swamp; 17 Nov. 2016; Yanai Z. and Goren L. leg.; SMNH • 7 ♀♀, 1 s ♂; Yessud haMa’ala; 18 Nov. 2016; Yanai Z. leg.; SMNH • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; MZL • 9 N; Hula swamp; 8 May 2017; Goren L. leg.; SMNH • 7 s ♀♀, 4 s ♂♂; Yessud haMa’ala; 19 Aug. 2017; Yanai Z. leg.; SMNH .

SAUDI ARABIA • 9 N; Wadi Buwa ; 8 Nov. 2012; Gattolliat J.-L. leg.; MZL • 2 ♀♀, 1 s ♂, 26 N; Wadi Elarj , near Adam; 9 Nov. 2012; Gattolliat J.-L. leg.; MZL • 1 s ♀; ‘ Al-Itnayn Dam ; 14 Nov. 2012; Gattolliat J.-L. leg.; MZL .

YEMEN • 1 ♂; Ta’izz; 3 Apr. 1998; van Harten A. & Ahwad A. leg.; MNHG • 1 ♀; Ta’izz; 30 May 1998; van Harten A. leg.; MNHG • 7 ♀♀, 6 ♂♂; Ta’izz; 24 Jan. 1999; van Harten A. and Ahwad A. leg; MNHG .

Diagnosis

Nymph

LENGTH. (based on 30 mature specimens) Body 4.6–6.1 mm, cerci 3.6–4.1 mm, median caudal filament 2.6–4.0 mm.

COLOURATION. ( Fig. 4 ) General colouration honey-orange to brown. Head brown with light ecru spots and light vermiform mark between compound eyes. Scape and pedicel brown, flagellum ecru. Thorax brown. Legs ivory with distinct brown bands on distal ⅓ of femora and proximal ⅓ of tibiae and tarsi. Base of claws and joints between leg segments dark brown. Abdominal terga relatively uniform, light brown with two central pale yellow spots on posterior terga, tergum X and sometimes IX almost completely bright. Abdominal sterna ecru to pale brown. Gills milky, semi-transparent, tracheation dark brown. Cerci ecru to light brown with thin ring on each segment, every fourth ring darker; median transversal band absent or very fade in Israel, dark brown in Saudi Arabia.

HEAD. Antennae almost bare ( Fig. 5A ). Labrum ( Fig. 5B ) dorsal surface with scattered long setae and setal bases; ventral surface with 7–8 disto-lateral short stout setae, distal margin with row of 25–40 fine long feathered bifid setae. Hypopharynx ( Fig. 5E ) lingua hemispheric; lingua and superlingua densely covered with short thin hairs; base of superlingua laterally serrated. Left mandible ( Fig. 5C ) with incisors composed of two sets of four denticles each; prostheca with broad, short denticles and elongated combshaped structure; margin between prostheca and mola with tuft of fine setae. Right mandible ( Fig. 5D ) with incisors composed of outer and inner sets of four and three denticles respectively, middle denticles of each set more prominent; prostheca with minute pointed denticles; margin between prostheca and mola with tuft of fine setae. Maxillae ( Fig. 5F ) with three broad, hooked teeth and dentiseta similar to teeth; lacinia with one row of small setae and long, serrated setae; one row of soft, long, slightly feathered setae and one row of shorter setae; palp three-segmented, segment III with single apical scale. Labium ( Fig. 5G ) glossae subequal to paraglossae, with scattered ventral thin, long setae; inner margin and apex of glossa with medium, stout setae; paraglossa curved, with 4–6 setae on inner dorsal side and four long simple setae on outer margins. Labial palp three-segmented; segment I shorter than segments II and III combined; segment II with dorsal row of four long, pointed setae; segment III broad and clavate, distal margin with stout, pointed setae; surface of segments II and III with scattered stout setae.

THORAX. Forelegs ( Fig. 6A ): Coxae bare. Trochanters, femora and tibiae dorsally and ventrally with numerous short, pointed setae; femoral dorsoapical setal patch formed by 4–6 minute setae and a few hair-like setae; no tibial subproximal arc of setae. Tarsi with at least 20 ventral pointed setae; dorsal margin with sparse short, thin setae; one pointed seta, shorter than most ventral setae, on ventral tarsusclaw meeting point. Tarsal claws ( Fig. 6B ) hooked and elongated, as long as 0.4 tarsus length; with two rows of 9–11 acute teeth, increasing in length toward the apex. Mid and hindlegs similar to forelegs.

ABDOMEN. Terga I–IX with many scale bases, denser and much more numerous on distal part of tergum; tergal distal margin with row of acute spines of different lengths ( Fig. 6F ); tergum X with distal spines arranged in one central and two lateral groups. Sterna I–IX with scattered scale bases. Lateral abdominal margins with no spines on segments I–VII, 5–10 spines on segment VIII, and 8–12 spines on segment IX ( Fig. 6G ). Gills I–VI with two lamellae; in gill I upper lamella longer than lower lamella; gill VII with one triangular lamella ( Fig. 6 C–E). Paraproct ( Fig. 6H ) covered with few fine setae; margin with 15–25 triangular spines; postero-lateral extension with fine setae, margin with 10–20 small triangular spines. Cerci with whorls of spines, lateral spines more prominent.

Adult female

LENGTH. (based on 13 specimens). Body 5.1–6.3 mm, forewing 4.7–6.3 mm, cerci 6.2–8.9 mm.

COLOURATION. ( Figs 1 , 7A–B). Compound eyes dark grey with whitish frame and two reddish cross lines. Head, thorax and abdominal terga I–VIII beige to light brown with longitudinal medium purple-brown stripes as follows (faintly visible on terga VIII–X): two lateral wide stripes starting behind compound eyes, and central stripe forked in two on head, wide on prothorax and narrow on terga, sometimes missing on all or only posterior terga. Abdominal sterna I–VIII white. Legs beige, brownish near joints, femora sometimes with proximal small chestnut-brown spot. Cerci white with dark rings every four segments.

WINGS. (Fig. 7C). Costal field uniform light brown; subcostal field solid brown; rest of the wing completely transparent. Veins and cross-veins coppery brown; pterostigma composed of 2–3 crossveins; no cross-veins proximally to main bulla; generally, three cross-veins on subcostal and first radial fields, distal cross-veins not aligning; all marginal intercalaries present and single.

Adult male

LENGTH. (based on 15 specimens). Body 4.2–5.6 mm, forewing 4.1–5.3 mm, cerci 7.3–10.0 mm.

COLOURATION. (Fig. 7D). Head and thorax with chestnut brown to purple stripes, similar to female pattern. Turbinate eyes honey orange. Wings transparent with no pattern, costal and subcostal fields hyaline, veins yellowish. Legs ivory white. Abdominal terga I–VI with two medium purple-brown stripes divided by dorsal white-yellow line, sometimes median narrow dark stripe present, may be fragmented, and may decrease on terga III–IV. Sterna I–VIII white, lateral narrow black line between terga and sterna, posterior segments medium to dark brown. Cerci white with dark rings.

European Journal of Taxonomy 617: 1–23 (2020)

GENITALIA. (Fig. 7E). Gonopods three segmented; length of basal gonopod segment and segment I subequal, segment II three times longer than segment I; segments I and II well separated, tip of segment I considerably wider than base of segment II; segment II without spur at base, apex expanded; terminal segment (III) piriform and minute. Genital plate (penis cover) narrower than gap between two basal segments of gonopods.

Molecular analysis

Blasting the resulted sequences in NCBI and in Barcode of Life Database (BOLD) failed to match similarities higher than 87.7%, meaning that COI sequences of this C. perkinsi have never been deposited online before. Comparing to newly obtained sequences of representatives of Cloeon species from the other morphological species groups (see below), we found distances no lower than 14% ( Table 2).

Cloeon perkinsi average intra-group distances were 0.1% ( Saudi Arabia, n=3) and 0.7% ( Israel, n=2). Inter-group distances were very low between the Ethiopian and Israeli populations (0.5%), while the Saudi sequences were more distant (3.9–4.8%) ( Table 2).

Figures

Fig. 1. Cloeon perkinsi adult female in vivo. A–B. Photos taken near Johannesburg, SouthAfrica by Pieter Kotzee. C. Photo taken in Gaborone, Botswana by Christine Sydes. (C published on www.iNaturalist.org)

Fig. 4. Cloeon perkinsi, nymph. Habitus. Specimen collected in Hula swamp, Israel. Scale bar = 5 mm.

Fig. 5. Cloeon perkinsi, nymph. A. Antennal scape, pedicel and first flagellomeres. B. Labrum (left, ventral; right, dorsal). C. Left mandible (typical molar tooth enlarged). D. Right mandible. E. Hypopharynx. F. Maxilla. G. Labium (left, ventral; right, dorsal). All mouthparts scaled.

Fig. 6. Cloeon perkinsi, nymph. A. Foreleg. B. Tarsal claw. C. Gill I. D. Gill IV. E. Gill VII. F. Abdominal tergum V, surface and distal margin. G. Lateral abdominal margins (segments VI, VII, VIII, IX). H. Paraproct plate.

Fig. 8. Cloeon perkinsi, ♀ abdominal terga II–V. Arrows presenting two different methods of counting the lines. Left: counting only the dark stripes (three stripes in total). Right: counting dark and bright stripes, including darker borders of stripes (seven dark lines in total).