Colletes cyaniventris Spinola, 1851, 2017

Ferrari, Rafael R., 2017, Taxonomic revision of the species of Colletes Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae: Colletinae) found in Chile, Zootaxa 4364 (1), pp. 1-137 : 49-52

Colletes cyaniventris Spinola, 1851 , new status

( Figs. 22A–F )

Colletes cyani-ventris Spinola, 1851: 224.

Lectotype ♀ (not examined) designated by Moure & Urban (2002: 7). {MRSN}.

Colletes cyaniventris ; Vachal 1909: 54; Ducke 1912: 81; Friese 1910: 645, 1912: 366; Toro 1986: 122; Rojas & Toro 1993: 86.

Colletes atripilis Vachal, 1909: 55 . [new synonymy]

Lectotype ♂ (examined) designated by Moure & Urban (2002: 8). {MNHP}.

Diagnosis. Colletes cyaniventris is unique among the Chilean species of the genus in having the following combination of characteristics: body size with 13/ 10mm (♀ / ♂) in length, clypeal mid-longitudinal area not carinate, mesosoma with black hairs only, and metasoma metallic blue.

Colletes cyaniventris is most similar to C. cyanescens and C. musculus , but it can be differentiated from those species by the mesepisternum with smooth interspaces (interspaces imbricate in both C. cyanescens and C. musculus ).

Redescription. FEMALE ( Figs. 22A, 22C, 22E ): Dimensions (mm): Approximate body length 11.0–13.5; head width 3.6–4.3; head length 2.8–3.2; intertegular distance 3.3–3.7; forewing length 8.4–9.5.

Colouration: Black except metallic blue on metasoma (except T6 black and S6 dark-brown), with purplish and greenish reflections on metasomal sterna. Reddish-brown on distal half of tarsal claws; marked on distal 1/3 of mandible. Dark-brown on anterior surface of front and mid femora, ventral surface of hid femur, dorsal surface of tarsi, wing veins (except veins C and R of forewing black), stigma. Pale-brown on anterior half of tarsal claws.

Structure: Labrum medially concave; concavity margined by lateral ridges. Clypeal mid-longitudinal area deeply and narrowly (0.3x MOD) on upper half; adjacent lateral area convex; apicomedial ridge absent. Malar area about half as long as basal depth of mandible (34:65). F1 ~1.2x as long as its apical width (37:31). UID:LID (77:75). Genal area flat behind upper summit of compound eyes in lateral view. Dorsolateral angle of pronotum rounded. Horizontal surface of metapostnotum 0.3x as long as metanotum (25:84); metapostnotal pits welldelimited; posterior transverse carina straight and interrupted medially. Posteromedial surface of front coxa without spine. Posterior hind tibial spur ciliate. Hind basitarsus ~ 3x longer than broad (53:18). Outer rami of hind tarsal claws ~2.1x as long as inner rami (34:16). Posterolateral area of S6 convex and bearing thick stria; marginal zone not depressed.

Pubescence: Black, plumose, erect, moderately long on lateral slopes of supraclypeal area, genal area (except long towards proboscidial fossa), mesoscutum, scutellum, ventral surface of front and mid coxae, T1 laterally; such hairs long on paraocular, frontal and vertexal areas, metanotum, mesepisternum, metepisternum, central area of lateral surface of propodeum, posteroventral surface of front trochanter and femur, anteroventral surface of mid trochanter, ventral margin of mid femur, disc of T1; very long on upper margin of lateral surface of propodeum, ventral surface of hind coxa and trochanter, S1. Black, erect, moderately short setae on dorsal surface of front tibia and tarsus, T3, T4 laterally, S3–S6; moderately long on mandible, posterior surface of front coxa, posterior surface of front tibia and basitarsus, dorsal surface of mid and hind tibiae and basitarsi. Black, suberect, very long hairs, which are branched only apically on anterior surface of hind femur and tibia. Fulvous, suberect, thick setae on ventral surface of mid and hind tarsi; thickest towards distal margin. S2 with mixed black, erect, moderately short hairs, which are branched only apically, and long, plumose hairs.

Surface sculpture: Clypeal convex area densely and coarsely punctate; mid-longitudinal depression with fine punctures; lower 1/3 longitudinally striate. Malar area densely and moderately finely punctate on upper half; substrigulate on lower half. Supraclypeal area imbricate. Lower paraocular area punctures crowded and moderately coarse; interspaces smooth. Upper paraocular area densely and moderately finely punctate; interspaces rugulose. Frontal area densely and moderately coarsely punctate; interspaces rugulose and dull. Vertexal area with minute punctures intermingled with fine ones; interspaces smooth and shiny. Mesoscutum punctures crowded and moderately coarse (except densely punctate mid-posteriorly); interspaces smooth throughout. Scutellum densely and moderately coarsely punctate; interspaces imbricate. Metanotum punctures crowded and moderately fine; interspaces smooth. Mesepisternum punctures crowded and coarse; interspaces smooth and shiny. Metepisternum rugose above; obliquely striate medially; rugulose below. Lateral surface of propodeum with very sparse coarse punctures; interspaces imbricate. Upper area of vertical surface of metapostnotum smooth medially. Metasoma sparsely and minutely punctate on terga; finely and moderately sparsely punctate; interspaces imbricate but shiny.

MALE ( Figs. 22B, 22D, 22F ). As in female, except for usual secondary sexual characteristics and as follows:

Dimensions (mm): Approximate body length 8.5–11.1; head width 3.0–3.5; head length 2.6–2.9; intertegular distance 2.8–3.3; forewing length 8.1–8.8.

Colouration: Tibial spurs dark-brown. T1–T2 with purplish reflections. Dorsal surface of mid and hind trochanters dark-brown.

Structure: Labral mid depression not margined by ridges. Malar area as long as basal depth of mandible (46:46). F1 ~1.2x as long as its apical width (26:21). UID:LID (70:60). Genal area concave behind upper summit of compound eyes in lateral view. Horizontal surface of metapostnotum ~0.35x as long as metanotum (25:70); metapostnotal pits poorly-delimited; posterior transverse carina low. Hind basitarsus ~2.8x longer than broad (53:19). Outer rami of hind tarsal claws ~1.4x as long as inner rami (26:18). Posterolateral area of S6 flat and lacking thick stria. S7, S8 and genital capsule as in Figs. 23A, 23B , 24C , respectively.

Pubescence: Off-white on lateral slopes of clypeus and supraclypeal area, interantennal area. Off-white and black hairs intermixed on proboscidial fossa, pronotal lobe, mesoscutum, scutellum, metanotum. S2 with plumose hairs only. Marginal zones of S2–S5 with a row of off-white, plumose, erect, moderately long hairs.

Surface sculpture: Clypeal mid-longitudinal area finely punctate. Supraclypeal and upper paraocular areas, scutellar anterior 2/3, metepisternum below, lateral surface of propodeum, metasomal terga with smooth interspaces. Sparsely punctate area on mesoscutum larger; densely and moderately finely punctate elsewhere. Scutellar interspaces rugulose on posterior 1/3. Mesepisternum moderately sparsely and moderately coarsely punctate. Lateral surface of propodeum finely and sparsely punctate. Metasomal terga finely and moderately sparsely punctate.

Material studied. Primary type specimen: Lectotype ♂ of C. atripilis— “Chili; 63”. “MUSEUM PARIS; Chili; COLL. O. SICHEL 1867”. “ Colletes ♂; atripilis ; Vach”. “TYPE”. “SYNTYPE”. “LECTOTYPE; Colletes atripilis ♂; Vachal, 1909; labelled R. Ferrari, 2017”. {MNHP}.

Secondary type specimens: Paralectotypes ♀♀ and ♂♂ of C. atripilis — CHILE— 1863, 4♀♀ 3♂♂, { MNHP}.

Additional specimens: CHILE — Region V: Cerro El Roble , (-33.007, -71.020), 1566m , 1/i/2009, [L.Packer], 1♀ 1♂, { PCYU}. El Melón , (-32.688, -71.208), 246m , x/1998, [R.Madariaga], 2♀♀, { AMNH}. Region Metropolitana: Caleu , (-32.997, -70.977), 1055m , 1/i/2009, [L.Packer], 4♀♀, { PCYU}. El Manzano , (-33.439, - 70.634), 489m , 8/xii/1945, [L.Peña], 1♀, { KUNHM}. Farellones , (-33.356, -70.324), 2179m , 5/i/1992, [L.Peña], 1♀, { AMNH}. Pudahuel , (-33.443, -70.772), 467m , 29/i/1951, [L.Penã], 1♂, { KUNHM}. Santiago, (-33.436, - 70.636), 566m , i/1951, [Peña], 1♂, { MACN}. Region VI: El Peumo , (-33.972, -71.763), 192m , i/1953, [L.Peña], 1♀, { KUNHM}. La Correana , 15/ii/1977, [L.Peña], 1♀ 1♂, { AMNH}. Region VII: Constitución , (-35.335, - 72.419), 51m , i/1994, [Arriagada], 1♀, { AMNH}. E of Lago Colbun , (-35.686, -71.221), 485m , 28/xii/2006, [L.Packer], 1♀, { PCYU}. Linares , (-35.847, -71.606), 158m , i/1953, [Peña], 1♂, {KUNHM}. Río Longaví, 5/xii/ 1967, [Catillo], 1♀, { MACN}. Río Teno , 25/i/1968, [L.Peña], 1♂, { AMNH}. Region VIII: Cobquecura , (-36.138, -72.794), 43m , i/1967, [P.Ramirez], 1♀, { AMNH}. Concepción, (-36.752, -73.040), 19m , 20/i/1907, [P.Herbst], 1♂, { AMNH}. Fundo El Chillán , 10/i/1981, [L.Peña], 1♀, { AMNH}. Ñuble , (-36.599, -72.072), 139m , i/1902, 1♀, { MNHP}. Region IX: Lago Galletué , (-38.777, -71.246), 1166m , 20/i/1962, [L.Peña], 1♂, {AMNH}.

Range. Chile (III–IX). See also Fig. 3A .

Biogeographic distribution. Andean region: Central Chilean sub-region (Coquimban and Santiagan provinces); Subantarctic sub-region (Maule province). Central Chilean species distributed at altitudes of 0–2200m a.s.l.

DNA barcode. Available. BOLD: AAV8114 (1♀). Distance from the nearest neighbour ( C. nigritulus ): 6.35– 6.53%.

Floral hosts. Compositae— Baccharis linearis (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers. [ Ruiz 1944 (as B. rosmarinifolia Hook. & Arn. )]. Escalloniaceae— Escallonia sp. ( Toro 1999). Quillajaceae— Quillaja saponaria Molina ( Ruiz 1944) . Rhamnaceae— Colletia spinosissima J. F. Gmel. (this paper); C. ulicina [ Ruiz 1944 (as C. ulcina )].

Comments. Uncommon species restricted to central Chile. Colletes cyaniventris is the largest species of the genus found in Chile, although variation in body size (11–13.5 mm and 8.5–11 mm for females and males, respectively) is quite considerable.

In this paper, the name C. cyaniventris is resurrected from synonymy and proposed to be the valid name for the species that has been traditionally referred to as C. cyanescens (see the synonymy list above), which, in turn, is here considered the senior synonym of C. seminitidus (refer to “Comments” for C. cyanescens for further clarification). The conundrum involving these names began very early in the 20th century, when Cockerell (1904: 257) synonymized C. cyaniventris under C. cyanescens . Although this nomenclatural act has not been acknowledged by a series of authors (e.g. Vachal 1909: 54; Friese 1910: 653, 1912: 366; Toro 1986: 122; Rojas & Toro 1993: 86), many others started using the name C. cyanescens to refer to the large species with completely black mesosomal pubescence and metallic bright-blue metasoma (which is herein determined as C. cyaniventris ) found in central Chile. At the same time, the comparatively smaller species with mixed black and off-white hairs on mesosoma and metallic dark-blue mesosoma (which is herein determined as C. cyanescens ) began being identified as C. seminitidus (e.g. Claude-Joseph 1926: 130, Jaffuel & Pirion 1926: 364, Gazulla & Ruiz 1928: 300, Ruiz 1944: 217, Roig-Alsina 1991: 259, Toro 1999: 30, Moure & Urban 2002: 20, Packer et al. 2005: 197, Zayed et al. 2005: 1018, Montalva & Ruz 2010: 22). The nomenclatural acts proposed is this paper, however, correct the mistake made by Cockerell and stabilize the use of these nominal taxa.

Even though I have not examined the lectotype of C. cyaniventris , the combination of the female characteristics listed in the original description by Spinola— i. e. pubescence black, metasoma metallic blue, smooth and nearly bare, and wing veins black ( Spinola 1851: 224)—allows the determination of the species’ identity with certainty.

Figures

FIGURE 3. Geographic distribution by Colletes species. (A) C. alocochila and C. cyaniventris; (B) C. arthuri n. sp. and C. guanta; (C) C. atacamensis and C. cognatus. Scale bars approximately 300 km.

FIGURE 22. Colletes cyaniventris Spinola, 1851. Female: (A) habitus, lateral view; (C) face, frontal view; (E) habitus, dorsal view.Male:(B) habitus, lateral view; (D) face, frontalview; (F) habitus, dorsal view.Scale bars = 2mm.

FIGURE 23.Dorsal view of the male terminalia of C. cyaniventris. (A) S7; (B) S8; (C) genital capsule. Scale bars = 1mm.

FIGURE 24.Colletes flaminii Moure, 1956.Female:(A) habitus, lateral view; (C) face, frontal view; (E) habitus, dorsal view. Male:(B) habitus, lateral view; (D)face, frontal view; (F) habitus, dorsal view.Scale bars = 2mm.