Coryptilus circalatus Fusu, 2019

Fusu, Lucian, Kawano, Taisuke & Park, Duk-Young, 2019, Revision of the Oriental and East Palaearctic genus Coryptilus Gibson (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae), Zootaxa 4657 (2), pp. 317-332 : 318-323

Coryptilus circalatus Fusu sp. nov.

Figs 1–15.

Etymology. From the Latin circa (around, near) and alatus (winged), in reference to this being the only known species of Coryptilus with both fully macropterous and somewhat brachypterous females.

Type material. Holotype ♀: THAILAND, Suphanburi, Pu Toei NP, car park/ Pu Krathing waterfall, 14°48.922’N 99°27.52’E, Malaise trap, 14–21.iii.2009, Wangkum P. leg. T4631 (1♀ QSBG, on long term loan to CNC).

Condition of holotype: entire, uncontorted, point mounted by right acropleuron (Fig. 2).

1 Males not known for any of the species FIGS 1–9. Coryptilus circalatus female (photo LF): 1, lateral habitus (LF 2017-22); 2­, dorsal habitus (holotype); 3–5, head lateral, dorsal and frontal (LF 2017-21); 6–8, metasoma in specimens LF 2017-24, 2017-23, and 2017-21 respectively; 9, mid leg (LF 2017-23). Scale bars represent 1 mm in 1 and 2, and 0.2 mm in 3–9.

Paratypes 23♀. THAILAND: Suphanburi, Pu Toei NP, Pinus merkusii forest, 14°58.4’N 99°26.017’E, 763m ,

Malaise trap, 1–7.x.2008, Wangkum P. leg. T4631 (1♀ CNC); Chaiyaphum, Tat Tone NP, Chaiyapoom forest fire station, 16°00.793’N 102°01.257’E, 195m, Malaise trap, 12–19.xii.2006, Tawit Jaruphan & Orawan Budsawong leg. T1369 (1♀ CNC, no. 2017-22); Chaiyaphum, Tat Tone NP near stream, MT, 15°58.771’N 102°02.397’E, 26.vii–7.viii.2006, T. Jaruphan & O. Budsawong leg. T227 (1♀ QSBG, on long term loan to CNC); Chaiyaphum, Tat Tone NP, Dipterocarp forest at Sapsomboon substation, 16°1.059’N 101°58.603’E, 674m, MT, 19–26.v.2007, Tawit Jaruphan & Orawan Budsawong leg. T2576 (2♀, one CNC no. 2017-21, one QSBG, on long term loan to CNC); Chaiyaphum, Tat Tone NP, Chaiyapoom forest fire station, 16°00.809’N 102°01.335’E, 195m, Malaise trap, 5–12.xii.2006, Tawit Jaruphan & Orawan Budsawong leg. T1367 (2♀ QSBG, on long term loan to CNC); Chai- yaphum, Tat Tone NP, water supply station at Taad Fah waterfall, 15°56.468’N 102°05.855’E, 245m, Pan trap, 8–9.ix.2006, Tawit Jaruphan & Orawan Budsawong leg. T862 (2♀ CNC one no. 2017-20); Chaiyaphum, Tat Tone NP, Nursery near head water, 15°58.344’N 102°02.169’E, 257m, Malaise trap, 26.viii–5.ix.2006, Tawit Jaruphan & Orawan Budsawong leg. T556 (1♀ QSBG, on long term loan to CNC); Loei, Phu Kradueng NP, Koke Hin Ngam, 16°51.817’N 101°50.794’E, 270m, Malaise trap, 30.viii–6.ix.2006, Sutin Khonglasae leg. T492 (1♀ AICF with permission from CNC, no. 2017-23); Loei, Phu Kradueng NP, Road to Ta Krong waterfall of Na Noy Forest Unit, 16°48.913’N 101°47.634’E, 265m, Malaise trap, 2–8.xii.2006, Sutin Gong-lasae leg. T1082 (1♀ QSBG, on long term loan to CNC); Loei, Phu Kradueng NP, Forest protection unit Loei 5 (Phakbung), 16°50.463’N 101°41.687’E, 401m, Malaise trap, 25.ii–1.iii.2007, Sonkgran Kamtue leg. T1504 (1♀ CNC); Loei, Phu Kradueng NP, decidu- ous, 16°56.569’N 101°49.045’E, 274m, Malaise trap, 25.ix–2.x.2006, Sutin Gong-lasae leg. T953 (1♀ QSBG, on long term loan to CNC); Loei, Phu Ruea NP, Behind check pt, 17°27.829’N 101°21.360’E, 691m, Pan trap 11–12.xii.2006, Patikom Tumtip leg. T1260 (1♀ QSBG, on long term loan to CNC); same data except 10–11.xii and T1259 (1♀ QSBG, on long term loan to CNC); Patchaburi, Kaeng Krachan NP km 33/helipad, 12°50.177’N 99°20.688’E, 735m, Malaise trap, 4–11.iii.2009, Sirichai & Chusak leg. T4695 (1♀ CNC); Ubon Ratchathani, Pha Taem NP, Don Rong pond, 15°24.582’N 105°30.935’E, 250m, Malaise trap, 3–10.ii.2007, Bunlu Subsiri leg. T1664 (1♀ QSBG, on long term loan to CNC); Ubon Ratchathani, Pha Taem NP, Saengjan waterfall, 15°31.985’N 105°35.774’E, 155m, Pan trap, 5–6.ix.2006, Mitchai Sai-ngam leg. T881 (2♀ CNC); Ubon Ratchathani, Pha Taem NP, Wild flower field 1, 15°27.336’N 105°34.870’E, 232m, Malaise trap, 2–9.v.2007, Sorawit Mingman leg. T2186 (1♀ CNC). INDIA: U. P. [Uttar Pradesh] Aligarh , 21.vii.1983, Coll : S. Islam / Anastatus (Connuanastatus) cavifrons Holotype ♀ [manuscript name], Det: S. Islam (1♀ CNC, no. 2017-24). NEPAL: nr. Birganj, Lothar, 450 ft., 29 Aug. to 5 Sept. 1967 Can. Exped., Malaise Trap No.25 (1♀ CNC).

Description. Female. Length. 2.9–3.5 mm.

Colour. Head (Figs 3–5) dark, in dorsal view frontovertex and parascrobal region with dark-bronze and coppery reflections, except parascrobal region anteriorly mainly purple; in frontal view face and gena green to bluish green, metallic; scrobal depression brighter green and gena additionally with bronze to violet reflections; temple with violet reflections. Mandible dark-yellow basally, dark-brown apically. Maxillary and labial palpi dark brown. Scape yellowish, dark-brown basally and along ventral and dorsal margins (Fig. 11). Pedicel dark brown with strong green luster. Flagellum dark brown, with sensorial region of clava paler, off-white apically. Mesosoma mostly dark brown to black with weak bronze to violet luster except anterolateral surface of pronotum with brighter green luster (Figs 1, 2); mesonotum with faint bluish-green to bronze reflection, more evident on posterior depressed region and acropleuron dark bluish green anteriorly (Fig. 15); tegula brown; propodeal callus with green luster anteromedi- ally, violet luster latero-posteriorly (Fig. 15). Fore wing veins light brown. Front leg dark brown, except trochanter, trochantellus and tarsus distally paler (Fig. 1). Mid leg almost uniformly dark brown with apico-dorsal dark yellow macula on femur; mesotibial pegs and spur brown; mesotarsus with basitarsus and 2 nd tarsomere brown, 3 rd and 4 th tarsomeres brownish yellow, and apical tarsomere brown except yellowish basally (Fig. 9). Hind leg dark brown with part of coxa, trochanter, trochantellus, femur apically, and apex of 2 nd, 3 rd and 4 th tarsomeres paler, yellowish brown (Fig. 10). Metasoma dark brown, with faint purple to blue luster under some angles of light (Figs 6–8); syn- tergal flange translucent. Ovipositor sheaths dark brown, narrowly yellow-brown apically.

Head. In dorsal view (Fig. 4) 1.4–1.5× as wide as long and 1.5× as wide as mesoscutum; temple 0.1× eye length; interocular distance 0.3× head width; distance between apex of parascrobal region and anterior margin of eye as long as MPOD. Head in lateral view (Fig. 3) subtriangular, with parascrobal region prominent and abruptly bent at about midheight, 1.0–1.1× as long as high. Head in frontal view (Fig. 5) 0.7× as high as broad, with about upper margin of torulus in line with lower orbit. Ocelli in a right-angled triangle, with POL 7.1–9× OOL and OOL 0.5× MPOD. Eye 1.2–1.3× as long as broad, with short, comparatively dense pilosity. Malar space 0.4× eye length; malar sulci converging downwards; mouth opening 1.5–1.8× as broad as malar space. Scrobal depression deep (Figs 4, 5), about as wide as high, carinately margined laterally and dorsally, reticulate. Frontovertex reticulate, mostly with isodiametric cells, frontovertex and dorsally facing part of parascrobal region densely setose with long, erect, lanceolate, white setae (Fig. 4); occiput along upper margin with a transverse line of white, prostrate, curved setae, and above these a line of erect black setae, the line widening on each side to form a tuft of black, upturned setae on upper corner behind eye (Fig. 4). Face, parascrobal and interantennal regions, and gena reticulate, with short, prostrate setae; anteriorly facing part of parascrobal region with a line of short lanceolate setae along eye orbit (Fig. 3). Scape 2.8–3.0× as long as broad and 0.8× eye length, compressed laterally, with prostrate white setae. Pedicel plus flagellum 1.2× head width; pedicel in lateral view 1.9–2.1× as long as broad, 1.9–2.2× as long as fl1. Flagel- lum basally narrower than pedicel; fl1 short, quadrate; fl2 elongate, 1.3–1.5× as long as broad; both fl3 and fl4 the longest, fl3 1.1–1.2× as long as fl2, 1.4–1.5× as long as broad; fl4–fl8 1.2–1.4, 0.9–1.0, 0.8–0.9, 0.7–0.8, and 0.6× as long as broad respectively; clava 2.2–2.4× as long as broad.

FIGS 10–15. Coryptilus circalatus female (photo LF): 10, hind leg (LF 2017-23); 11, antenna (LF 2017-23); 12­, fully macropterous fore wings (LF 2017-22); 13, somewhat brachypterous fore wing (LF 2017-20); 14, acropleuron (LF 2017-21); 15, mesosoma, dorsal (LF 2017-21). Scale bars represent 0.2 mm.

Mesosoma. Elongate, in dorsal view (Fig. 15) 1.8–1.9× as long as broad. Pronotum in dorsal view divided by deep median groove, with collar comparatively short, 0.2× as long as broad, imbricate to reticulate, densely covered with long, black, bristle-like setae on both pronotal neck and collar (Fig. 4). Mesoscutum covered with inconspicuous, brown, bristle-like setae; concave with indistinct median and lateral lobes and with median lobe about 0.9–1.0× as long as broad (extreme anterior edge covered by pronotum); lateral lobes carinate in posterior half, entirely reticulate. Mesoscutellar-axillar complex 1.0–1.1× as long as broad, about 0.6–0.7× as long as mesoscutum; reticulate, covered with black bristle-like setae pointing forward. Metanotum U-shaped with dorsellum as narrow vertical flange. Propodeum (Fig. 15) anteromedially with V-like carinate emargination and foramen Λ-like carinate, the anteromedial and foraminal carinae connected mesally; with translucent region between foraminal carinae and foramen and elongate, comma-like plical furrow. Callar region slightly convex with finely coriaceous anteromedian region and smooth latero-posterior region. Prepectus (Fig. 14) divided by median vertical furrow into imbricate-coriaceous to reticulate anterior region and reticulate posterior region. Tegula elongate, alutaceous, with scattered, erect, black, bristle-like setae and anteriorly with a few shorter, white, lanceolate setae. Acropleuron (Fig. 14) entirely, coarsely reticulate, except mesally cells gradually smaller; anteriorly with a line of long, white, lanceo- late setae along acropleural sulcus. Mesepisternum strongly reticulate anteriorly, otherwise imbricate-coriaceous to alutaceous, with comparatively dense, long, white, slightly lanceolate setae. Profemur with 3 long lanceolate setae in a row ventroapically. Mesofemur (Fig. 9) posteroventrally with a line of about 5–15 erect, conspicuously lanceolate setae, of which at least 4 or 5 longer than tibia width; mesotibia with 3 or 4 apical pegs in 1 row; basitarsus to tarsomere 4 ventrally with 15–18, 6 or 7, 3 or 4, and 2 pegs in row on each side, respectively; those on basitarsus in serrate row. Metafemur (Fig. 10) anterobasally with a group of long, appressed, hair-like setae and ventrally with a line of about 5–8 setae similar to those on mesofemur.

Fore wing fully developed (extended to beyond apex of metasoma, Fig. 1) or somewhat shortened (extended anywhere from Gt5 to apex of Gt6, Fig. 2); about 2.5× as long as broad in macropterous individuals (Fig. 12) and 2.6–2.9× as long as broad (Fig. 13) in somewhat brachypterous individuals, and then rhomboidal with straight posteroapical margin and posterior angle not conspicuously prominent. Fore wing membrane strongly infuscate and with dense, bristle-like, dark brown setae except for white setae on hyaline region behind about apical quarter of submarginal vein and on posteriorly tapered oblique streak located behind marginal vein before its midpoint. Basal cell setose except variably extensively bare at the angle between basal fold and submarginal vein (Fig. 13). Costal cell 11.1–13.4× as long as broad, 1.3–1.6× length of marginal vein. Fore wing venation similar in macropterous and the somewhat brachypterous specimens because wing reduction occurs mostly due to shortening of the wing apex: marginal vein 3.3–6× as long as stigmal vein (large variation due to stigmal vein); stigmal vein curved; stigma with comparatively long uncus; postmarginal vein 1.6–2.5× as long as stigmal vein, and 0.4–0.5× as long as marginal vein.

Metasoma (Figs 6–8) broadest at level of cerci or slightly before, length excluding ovipositor sheaths 1.1–1.4× that of mesosoma and 1.8–2.0× as long as broad, with white setae except asetose dorsally on Gt1–Gt4; tergites comparatively dull, Gt1 and Gt2 imbricate-coriaceous to reticulate, Gt3 dorsally imbricate-alutaceous, Gt4 dorsally from entirely imbricate-alutaceous (Fig. 6) to reticulate posteriorly (Fig. 7) or entirely reticulate (Fig. 8), and Gt5– Gt7 reticulate. Gt1 apically narrowly emarginate to incised, posterior margin of Gt2–Gt5 broadly emarginate, that of Gt6 outcurved. Ovipositor sheaths short, extended slightly beyond apex of metasoma, 0.5× as long as metatibia.

Male. Unknown.

Variation. Fore wing varies from fully developed, reaching a little beyond apex of gaster in three or four females (only specimen 2017-22 is uncontorted, Fig. 1, the other are contorted and it is difficult to decide whether they are truly fully winged), to somewhat reduced, reaching from about the base to apex of Gt6 (Fig. 2) in most females, but only to Gt 5 in about three females out of total of 24. The white streak located behind marginal vein with posteriorly tapered region variably developed; when narrow, the streak is reduced to a spot.

Distribution. India, Nepal, Thailand.

Remarks. Besides the more obvious characters listed in the first couplet of the key, females of Coryptilus circalatus can be further distinguished from those of C. longicervix by additional characters mentioned under remarks for the latter species.

Females of C. circalatus are most similar to those of C. indicus but differ most conspicuously in the colour of the mesosoma. In both C. circalatus and C. indicus the head, pronotum and propodeum are at least partly metallic and of the same colour. However, in C. indicus the acropleuron and many dorsal parts of the thorax are orange (Figs 16, 23) or brown (see further below) and mostly non-metallic, except the mesoscutum and mesoscutellum are sometimes partly brown with faint blue-green luster under some angles of light, whereas in C. circalatus the mesosoma is dark brown to black with conspicuous, mostly dark green, metallic luster (Figs 1, 2, 14, 15).

Gibson (1995), when describing C. indicus , mentioned that one paratype from Kerala ( India), illustrated here as specimen 2017-17 (Figs 24–31), has the mesosoma entirely dark with metallic luster (and hence more similar to C. circalatus ). However, even if dark brown, this specimen has reduced metallic luster on the mesosoma (except pronotum and propodeum), visible only under some angles of light (Figs 24–26). Coryptilus circalatus has the mesosoma darker, dark brown to black with at least a partly metallic acropleuron and mesoscutum, irrespective of the angle of examination (Figs 1, 2, 14).

Coryptilus circalatus further differs from C. indicus in sculpture of the metasoma. In C. indicus the tergites are entirely reticulate, whereas in C. circalatus at least Gt3 and usually also Gt4 or at least its basal half are imbricatealutaceous. The two species also have somewhat differently shaped fore wings as outlined in the key and under C. indicus (cf. Fig. 13 with 22 and 30), though the difference is rather subtle.

The two paratypes of C. circalatus from India and Nepal were included by Gibson (1995) in C. indicus , however he excluded them from the type series because of their darker colour, longer fore wings, and a more finely sculptured metasoma. These are the main characters that we use to differentiate C. circalatus from C. indicus .