Cradoscrupocellaria calypso, VIEIRA & JONES & WINSTON, 2013

VIEIRA, LEANDRO M., JONES, MARY E. SPENCER & WINSTON, JUDITH E., 2013, <p class = " HeadingRunIn " align = " left "> <strong> <em> Cradoscrupocellaria </ em>, a new bryozoan genus for <em> Scrupocellaria bertholletii </ em> (Audouin) and related species (Cheilostomata, Candidae): taxonomy, biodiversity and distribution </ strong> </ p>, Zootaxa 3707 (1), pp. 1-63 : 20-22

Cradoscrupocellaria calypso n. sp.

( Fig. 8 , Table 2)

Material examined. Holotype. MNHN 15979 ( Fig. 8 ), Scrupocellaria sp. , RV Calypso, Station 29, Recife, Brazil, 8°28’ S, 34°55’ W, 21 November 1961, 22– 30 m. Paratypes. NHMUK 2013.4 .10.1, RV ‘ Calypso’ , Station 29, Recife, Brazil, 8°28’S, 34°55’W, 21 November 1961, 22– 30 m. Additional material. USNM 559195 . United States Exploring Expedition, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil .

Type locality. Recife , Pernambuco, Brazil .

Etymology. Noun in apposition based on RV Calypso.

Diagnosis. Chitinous joints passing across proximal end of opesia in outer zooids at bifurcation (zooids C and D); 2 inner and 3 outer distal spines (rarely 1 additional medial spine), but 5–6 spines in axial zooid; opesia occupying two thirds of zooidal length; scutum slender, regularly branched twice, occupying half length of opesial membrane; distolateral avicularia absent; frontal avicularia dimorphic; very large and elongate avicularia often present, lanceolate, with curved, serrated rostrum.

Description. Colony erect, with branches of 5–11 zooids. Internodes slightly curved, with acutely bifurcating pattern; chitinous joints passing across proximal end of opesia of outer zooids at bifurcation (zooids C and D) and across proximal gymnocyst of inner zooids (F and G). Autozooids elongate, slightly tapering proximally. Oval opesia occupying distal half to two thirds of zooidal length; cryptocyst minimal and deep around opesia. Scutum inserted at midline of inner opesial border, regularly branched twice at 50–80°, with acute tips, extending past midline of frontal membrane. Distal spines delicate, long, unbranched; 2 inner and 3 outer, 1 median distal spine rarely present; proximalmost outer spines directed forward; axial zooid with 5–6 spines. Distolateral avicularium absent. Frontal avicularia dimorphic: small frontal avicularium with triangular mandible; large frontal avicularium, 0.209 –0.274 mm long, with lanceolate, curved and serrated rostrum, proximally directed, with curved tip; mandible long, curved, its tip hooked. Vibracular chamber present on basal surface of each zooid, inconspicuous in frontal view; chamber of vibraculum almost circular, with large rhizoidal foramen on its proximal outer corner; setal groove transverse to internode axis, straight, with smooth seta as long as one autozooid length. Single axial vibraculum without rhizoidal foramen. Rhizoids tubular, with some short-spaced retroussé hooks. Ovicells subglobular, with ectooecium perforated by 9–18 rounded pores with raised edges; ovicelled zooids with 2 inner and 3 outer spines.

Remarks. Cradoscrupocellaria calypso n. sp. is similar to four Atlantic species, C. curacaoensis , C. floridana n. sp., C. jamaicensis n. sp. and C. normani n. sp., in the position of the joints, the slender scutum and the absence of distolateral avicularia. Cradoscrupocellaria calypso is distinguished by the presence of the very long dimorphic frontal avicularium and the regular twice- bifurcated, acute-tipped scutum.

Distribution. Atlantic Ocean: Brazil (Pernambuco and Rio de Janeiro state); 22– 30 m.

Figures

FIGURE 8. Cradoscrupocellaria calypso n. sp. A–F, MNHN 15979, holotype, Recife, Brazil. A, Frontal surface of colony. B, Frontal surface of branch bifurcation; note the dimorphic frontal avicularia. C, Close-up of branches; note the absence of lateral avicularia, the gigantic frontal avicularia and one ovicelled zooid. D, Close-up of gigantic frontal avicularium; note the curved rostrum. E, Abfrontal surface of colony. F, Abfrontal surface of branch bifurcation.