STRATIOMYOMORPHA, Wood, 1990

Grimaldi, David A., 2016, Diverse Orthorrhaphan Flies (Insecta: Diptera: Brachycera) In Amber From The Cretaceous Of Myanmar: Brachycera In Cretaceous Amber, Part Vii David A. Grimaldi, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2016 (408), pp. 1-132 : 7

INFRAORDER STRATIOMYOMORPHA

This group consists of three living families: Stratiomyidae (2650 species in 375 genera), Xylomyidae (143 species in 4 genera), and the small Neotropical family of large, bulky flies, the Pantophthalmidae (20 species in two genera [ Val, 1976]). Monophyly of the group is well established by morphological and molecular evidence ( Woodley, 1989; Yeates, 2002; Wiegmann et al., 2011). Defining features of the infraorder include a short Rs, branching off of vein R distally; loss of protibial spurs; bases of female cerci separated by tergite 10; and vein C short, ending at the tip of M 2, or between it and the tip of M 1 (except in Pantophthalmidae ). The sister grouping of Xylomyidae and Stratiomyidae appears definitive, as both have three (vs. four) larval instars, the larval cuticle has calcareous “warts” ( Woodley, 1989), and the antennae have welldeveloped sensillar foveae (Arillo et al., 2015). Many species in both families are boldly colored, usually with contrasting black and yellow markings. The fossil record is summarized below under each family. A fascinating extinct family of the Stratiomyomorpha is the Zhangsolvidae (formerly the Cratomyiidae [ Mazzarolo and Amorim, 2000]) (Arillo et al., 2015; Peñalver et al., 2015), which lived from the Early to mid- Cretaceous in Gondwana and Laurasia; a new species is described below. All Zhangsolvidae possess a long proboscis and were probably pollinators. Arillo et al. (2015) analyzed the relationships of Cretaceous and some living stratiomyomorphans, confirming the monophyly of families though the relationships among them were unresolved. Zhangsolvidae have sensillar foveae on the antenna (see Arillo et al., 2015) and vein C ending near the tip of M 1, so this family may be an extinct sister group to the Xylomyidae + Stratiomyidae .