Cristarmadillidium muricatum (Budde-Lund, 1885)

Recuero, Ernesto, Rodríguez-Flores, Paula C. & García-París, Mario, 2022, Homoplasy and morphological stasis revealed through multilocus phylogeny of new myrmecophilous species in Armadillidiidae (Isopoda: Oniscidea), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4), pp. 1312-1340 : 1319

CRISTARMADILLIDIUM MURICATUM

(BUDDE- LUND, 1885)

( FIGS 1D , 5E , 6E )

Armadillidium muricatum Budde-Lund, 1885: 297 .

Armadillidium (Cristarmadillidium) muricatum Budde-Lund, 1885 ; Arcangeli, 1935: 172.

Cristarmadillidium muricatum ( Budde-Lund, 1885) ; Vandel, 1954: 62.

Material examined: Two males and two females ( MNCN 20.04 /14380- MNCN 20.04 /14383), Spain, Islas Baleares, Ibiza, Santa Gertrudis de Fruitera , 38°58′34″N, 1°26′45″E, 3 June 2011 . – Four males and three females ( MNCN 20.04 /14384- MNCN 20.04 /14390), Spain, Comunidad Valenciana, Alicante Province, Denia, La Xara, Punta de Benimaquia Cave , 38°49′55″N, 0°01′39″W, 18 February 2016 .

Remarks: Genetic differentiation between populations from the Iberian Peninsula (Alicante Province) and Ibiza Island is low, with a mean uncorrected p -distance of 0.6% in Cox1 and identical sequences in all the analysed nuclear markers. This evidence, together with the broad geographical range in the Iberian Peninsula, from at least Cartagena (Murcia) in the south to Carcagente (Valencia) in the north ( Schmölzer, 1971), suggests that the origin of the insular populations in Ibiza is recent. The latest terrestrial connection between the Iberian Peninsula and Ibiza dates from the Messinian ( Bover et al., 2008; Mas et al., 2018); therefore, colonization of the island must have occurred by overseas rafting dispersal or associated with human activity, which has been documented for other organisms present in this archipelago (e.g. Gómez & Espadaler, 2006; Podda et al., 2011; Santos et al., 2015). Cristarmadillidium muricatum is a troglophilic species, with most known populations inhabiting karstic caves, but it is also present in limestone soils not associated with caves, as in the case of the studied population from Ibiza.

Figures

Figure 1. Map showing the sampling localities of Iberiarmadillidium pinicola (black stars), I. psammophilum (purple stars), I. sakura (white star), Cristarmadillidium breuili (black circle), Cristarmadillidium muricatum (red circles) and C. myrmecophilum (yellow circles). Habitus in vivo: A, I. pinicola from Valdemaqueda, Madrid; B, I. psammophilum from El Pardo, Madrid; C, C. myrmecophilum from Casas de Don Antonio, Cáceres; D, C. muricatum from Punta de Benimaquia Cave, Alicante; and E, C. breuili from Bolumini Cave, Alicante.

Figure 5. Scanning electron photomicrographs showing the general habitus of Iberiarmadillidium psammophilum (A), Iberiarmadillidium pinicola (B), Iberiarmadillidium sakura (C), Cristarmadillidium myrmecophilum (D) and Cristarmadillidium muricatum (E).

Figure 6. Scanning electron photomicrographs showing details of pereonite 1 and 2 epimera of Iberiarmadillidium psammophilum (A), Iberiarmadillidium pinicola (B), Iberiarmadillidium sakura (C), Cristarmadillidium myrmecophilum (D) and Cristarmadillidium muricatum (E) (only epimera 1 is shown).