Cyanopenthe taiwana, Hsiao, Yun, Pollock, Darren A. & Barclay, Maxwell V. L., 2015

Hsiao, Yun, Pollock, Darren A. & Barclay, Maxwell V. L., 2015, Two new species of Cyanopenthe Nikitsky from Taiwan (Coleoptera, Tetratomidae, PentHinae), Zootaxa 4058 (4), pp. 578-588 : 581-584

Cyanopenthe taiwana sp. nov.

Figs. 3–4 , 9–10 , 13 , 15 , 18 , 20–22 , 28 , 30

Type materIal. Holotype ♂, Taipingshan, 800m, Ilan, Taiwan, 26. IV. 2014, Y. Hsiao & P.-W. Hsu leg. ( NMNS). Paratypes: 1 ♀, same data as for the holotype ( NMNS); 1 specimen, Rahau [=Luofu], Formosa [= Taiwan], 25. III. 1933, K. Obayashi leg. ( TARI).

DescrIptIon. ColoratIon. Antennae metallic dark blue. Head and pronotum black, with metallic dark blue to green luster. Elytra metallic dark violet to metallic dark blue. Scutellum black, covered with dense, decumbent yellow pubescence except for dark rounded impression in middle. Prosternum, meso-, metaventrite, abdomen metallic dark blue. Femora and tibiae metallic dark blue, tarsi black. Body densely covered with black erect pubescence.

Male ( Fig. 3 ). Eyes lateral, large, ratio of eye diameter to interocular space 1.0:1.7. Antennomere I cylindrical, II short, III strongly elongate and somewhat clavate, IV–VI clavate, VII somewhat broadened into a pectinate club, about as long as the length of projection, VIII–XI strongly broadened into a pectinate club, projections about 1.8X longer than antennomeres VIII–X, apices of projections rounded; length ratio of antennomeres as follows: 16:10:28:18:16:14:12:12:14:14:30 ( Fig. 9 ). Maxillary palpomere II elongate-triangular, palpomere IV obliquely rounded apically, sides somewhat parallel. Disc of head somewhat convex; surface shining, densely and finely punctate.

Pronotum with width about 2.0X length, about 1.7X as wide as head. Sides of pronotum distinctly marginate; anterior margin shallowly sinuate; posterior margin sinuate; lateral margins rounded and narrowed in anterior twothirds toward head, widest at posterior angles, linearly diverging in posterior one-third. Anterior angles rounded; posterior angles rectangular and obtuse ( Fig. 13 ). Disc flattened, with pair of large impressions extending from base to about mid-length; surface shining, sparsely and finely punctate, interspaces considerably wider than the diameter of apuncture. Scutellum large, transverse, with rounded apex, width about 1.2X length; surface densely and finely punctate.

Elytra broadly oval, widened posteriorly, about 1.3X as wide as pronotal width at humeri, length about 1.5X width. Disc somewhat flattened, more or less convex; surface shining. Rows of punctures noticeable in median part of each elytron, somewhat indistinct towards margins and suture; spaces between striae of punctures densely and finely punctate, the diameter of punctures in the spaces between striae about 2X smaller than that of punctures in rows.

Prosternal process distinctly broadened posteriorly and somewhat roundly truncated apically, slightly exceeding the posterior margin of prothoracic coxae. Prosternum, meso- and metaventrite shining, moderately and finely punctate. Abdomen broadly oval, linearly narrowed posteriorly, with rounded apex; surface shining, densely and finely punctate.

Tarsomeres simple, tarsal formula 5-5-4. Tarsomere I of metathoracic tarsi slightly shorter than the remaining tarsomeres combined; length ratio of tarsomeres as follows: 10:3:2.5:7.5 (measured without pretarsal claws). Pretarsal claws simple.

Aedeagus ( Figs. 20–22 ): Ensiform, lateral margins of apical piece of tegmen slightly convergent distally, slightly shorter than basal piece, median lobe about 1.05 times as long as tegmen, struts on median lobe elongate and narrow.

Length: 8.2 mm; width: 4.3 mm.

Female ( Fig. 4 ). Similar to males. Eyes smaller than in male, ratio of eye diameter to interocular space 1.0:1.9. Antennomere VII strongly broadened into a pectinate club, more well-developed than that of male, projection about 1.8X longer than length of antennomere, projections of VIII–X longer than in male, VIII–X about 2.1X as long as respective antennomeres; length ratio of antennomeres as follows: 16:10:34:21:19:16:15:15:16:15:34 ( Fig. 10 ). Pronotum about 2.2X as wide as long, about 1.8X as wide as head. Elytra slightly wider than those of male, posterior margin slightly more rounded than that of male, about 1.3X as wide as pronotum at humeri, length about 1.4X width. Abdominal ventrite V protuberant, slightly broadened posteriorly, more protuberant than that of male ( Fig. 18 ).

Ovipositor ( Fig. 28 ): paraproct elongated, about 1.1 times as long as coxite, about 1.4 times as long as wide, sides straight and subparallel; proctiger semicircular in dorsal, tapered posteriorly in ventral and more or less curved ventrally.

Length: 8.7 mm; width: 4.8 mm.

DIagnosIs. This species is very similar to C. thailandica Nikitsky, 1998 and C. leei sp. nov. in appearance. It can be distinguished from C. thailandica by thicker antennomeres III–V, more rounded apices of antennomeres VIII–XI projections, more rounded elytra posteriorly, ventrally triangular proctiger and more elongate paraproct.

From C. leei , it differs by its slightly narrower pronotum, more rounded margin of anterior pronotal angle, more rounded elytra and abdomen, abdominal ventrite V slightly broader posteriorly, aedeagus: apical piece of tegmen slightly widened in basal part of lateral sides, median lobe shorter, ovipositor: slightly longer paraproct, and slightly wider proctiger in ventral view.

Natural hIstory. Individuals of this species were observed at night feeding on a sporocarp of Polyporaceae on a dead log. The microhabitat was moist fungi of Polyporaceae ( Fig. 30 ).

Etymology. The specific name is derived from “ Taiwan ”, referring to the only known distribution of this new species.

DIstrIbutIon. Taiwan (presumably endemic).

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 6. Habitus, dorsal view: 1. Cyanopenthe metallica (Champion, 1916), female holotype; 2. C. thailandica Nikitsky, 1998, female holotype; 3 – 4. C. taiwana sp. nov., 3: male holotype, 4: female paratype; 5 – 6. C. leei sp. nov., 5: male paratype, 6: female holotype. Scale bars = 5 mm. (Figure 2 from Nikitsky, 1998)

FIGURES 7 – 12. Antenna: 7. Cyanopenthe metallica (Champion, 1916); 8. C. thailandica Nikitsky, 1998 (from Nikitsky, 1998); 9 – 10. C. taiwana sp. nov., 9: male, 10: female; 11 – 12. C. leei sp. nov., 11: male, 12: female. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 13 – 14. Right half of pronotum: 13. Cyanopenthe taiwana sp. nov.; 14. C. leei sp. nov. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 15 – 16. Abdomen: 15. Cyanopenthe taiwana sp. nov., paratype female; 16. C. leei sp. nov., holotype female. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.

FIGURES 17 – 19. Abdominal ventrite V of female: 17. Cyanopenthe metallica (Champion, 1916); 18. C. taiwana sp. nov.; 19. C. leei sp. nov. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 20 – 25. Aedeagus (20, 23. ventral view; 21, 24. lateral view; 22, 25. dorsal view): 20 – 22. Cyanopenthe taiwana sp. nov.; 23 – 25. C. leei sp. nov. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 26 – 29. Ovipositor, ventral view: 26. Cyanopenthe. metallica (Champion, 1916); 27. C. thailandica Nikitsky, 1998; 28. C. taiwana sp. nov.; 29. C. leei sp. nov. Scale bars = 0.5 mm. (Figures 27 from Nikitsky, 2005)

FIGURES 30 – 31. The microhabitat: 30. Cyanopenthe taiwana sp. nov.; 31. C. leei sp. nov. (Fig. 31 photographed by Mr. Yi- Ting Chung).