Dasyscirtus olivaceus Bruner, 1908

Fontana, Paolo, Mariño-Pérez, Ricardo, Sanabria-Urbán, Salomón & Woller, Derek A., 2017, Studies in Mexican Grasshoppers: Three new species of Dactylotini (Acrididae: Melanoplinae) from Mexico and a review of existing conspecifics with comments on their geographical distributions, Zootaxa 4337 (3), pp. 301-343 : 305-315

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4337.3.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0C782C01-6DD6-4385-BC58-EBE3E78EE13D
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6034198
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C98784-A278-FFE9-FD86-FF7EF9D1F9A5
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Dasyscirtus olivaceus Bruner, 1908
status

Treatment

( Figs. 1A View FIGURE 1 & 2–7 View FIGURE 2 View FIGURE 3 View FIGURE 4 View FIGURE 5 View FIGURE 6 View FIGURE 7 )

urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:55195

Dasyscirtus olivaceus BRUNER , L. 1908. BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA 2:303. Dasyscirtus olivaceus REHN, J.A.G. & HEBARD. 1912. PROC. ACAD. NAT. SCI. PHILAD. 64(1):121. D. olivaceus IS THE TYPE SPECIES OF THE GENUS.

Coloration. Depending on curation method, olive green in color with blackish antennae and with first 1–2 joints lighter. Lower margin of hind femur red and hind tibia variable, being gray to body color, sometimes with lighter apex ( Figs. 1A View FIGURE 1 , 2 View FIGURE 2 , 3 View FIGURE 3 , 6 View FIGURE 6 ).

Body and Tegmina. Body densely pubescent. Tegmina regularly oval in both sexes, lateral, densely reticulated and homogenous in color ( Figs. 2 View FIGURE 2 , 3 View FIGURE 3 , 6 View FIGURE 6 ).

Terminalia: Male, external. Furculae vestigial with short gap between. Supra-anal plate subtriangular with broadly rounded apex; surface almost plain with reduced keels and shallow, median groove that extends apically for approximately ½ the total length. Cerci wider at base, suddenly narrowing in middle, but slightly expanding apically and flattened, and with a rounded, elongated spoon-shaped apex; strongly curving inwards almost 90° beginning around midway point. Subgenital plate hemiconical in lateral view, slightly pointed at apex, and with hemicircular inner margin in dorsal view ( Fig. 4A,B View FIGURE 4 ). Internal phallic complex: overall, typical for a melanopline, with the following unique characters: Epiphallus: ancorae relatively elongate, subtriangular, and bent slightly ventrally; lophi prominent, subrectangular, and bent strongly anteriorly; post-epiphallic lobe (Carbonell, 2000; Carbonell et al., 1980) moderately wrinkled compared to conspecifics and covered in raised microstructures ( Figs. 4C,D View FIGURE 4 , 5A–B View FIGURE 5 ). Ectophallus: rami prominent, fairly vertical, and extending well below valves of aedeagus. Sheath of aedeagus taking the form of two halves that do not meet, each containing two sets of lobes, and all covered in raised microstructures resembling those on the post-epiphallic lobe; first set of lobes connected to almost entirety of rami via thin membrane, curving dorsally to almost touch dorsal valves of aedeagus; second set attached to the first via thin membranes and about 1/3rd the length of the first, curving around apices of dorsal valves ( Figs. 4C,D View FIGURE 4 & 5A,C,D View FIGURE 5 ). Endophallus: arch of aedeagus well-developed. Dorsal valves of aedeagus do not meet flexures and about ½ the length of ventral valves, relatively wide and connected basodorsally for approximately ½ their length with apices strongly y-shaped and with each arm connected to a strong lobe that touches the lobes of the ventral valves and extend for some length posteriorly. Ventral valves of aedeagus meet flexures and are twice as long as the dorsal valves, basal ½ thin and elongate and widening apically at midway point, apices with fairly flat lobes that touch the lobes of the dorsal valves and extend posteriorly about the same length, apices also with an additional ventral sclerotized portion that forms a bulbous, hollow space ( Figs. 4C,D View FIGURE 4 & 5A,C,D View FIGURE 5 ). Female, external ( Fig. 7 View FIGURE 7 ): as in D. hirsutus and D. monicae sp. nov.: supra-anal plate subtriangular, cerci relatively small and subconical, and dorsal valves of ovipositor with teeth along majority of dorsal margin.

Male measurements (in mm) (n=5) ( Table 1): Body length 19.43–23.63 (21.22 ± 1.58); pronotum length 4.27–4.79 (4.56 ± 0.23); prozona length 2.21–3.02 (2.67 ± 0.29); metazona length 1.54–2.30 (1.89 ± 0.32); hind femur length 10.43–12.79 (11.35 ± 0.97); and tegmina length 3.91–4.87 (4.14 ± 0.41). Female measurements (in mm) (n=2) ( Table 1): Body length 25.61–25.71 (25.66 ± 0.07); pronotum length 5.54–5.73 (5.64 ± 0.13); prozona length 3.50–3.65 (3.58 ± 0.11); metazona length 1.89–2.23 (2.06 ± 0.24); hind femur length 13.89–13.99 (13.94 ± 0.07); and tegmina length 4.89–5.24 (5.07 ± 0.25).

Material examined. Holotype male ( ANSP, Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 ) Mexico, Morelos Cuernavaca. (1-IV-1899) Legit C.C. Deam. CPF. Mexico, Estado de Mexico, Valle de Bravo. 2 males and 1 female (28-XI-1969); 2 males (21-II-1970) . Mexico, Estado de Mexico, Zacualpilla , 8 Km NE of Zacualpan. 1 male and 1 female (5-X-2000) Legit H. Brailovsky and E. Barrera. ANSP. Mexico, Morelos, Cuernavaca, 1 male, (29-X-1957) Legit R. & K. Dreisbach (determined by I.J. Cantrall in 1960). CNIN-UNAM . Mexico, Estado de Mexico, Malinalco , 8 males, 12 females, (17-XI-2016).

Geographic distribution. This species is only known from the northern-central portion of the Balsas River Basin and the southern slope of the Mexican Volcanic Belt in elevations ranging from 1,536 to 1,829 meters above sea level (m.a.s.l.) in the Mexican states of Mexico and Morelos ( Fig. 36 View FIGURE 36 ).

SPECIES SPECIMEN ENTIRE PRONOTUM PROZONA METAZONA HIND TEGMINA

BODY FEMUR

Dasyscirtus olivaceus ♂ 1 21.13 4.51 2.21 2.30 11.00 3.92 2 19.43 4.27 2.73 1.54 10.43 3.91 3 20.30 4.43 2.74 1.69 10.68 3.92 4 21.60 4.79 2.64 2.15 11.85 4.08 5 23.63 4.78 3.02 1.76 12.79 4.87 ♀ 1 25.71 5.73 3.50 2.23 13.89 5.24 2 25.61 5.54 3.65 1.89 13.99 4.89

Dasyscirtus hirsutus ♂ 1 17.57 3.62 2.35 1.27 0 9.61 2.61 2 18.17 3.84 2.48 1.36 0 9.90 2.88 3 19.95 3.98 2.34 1.64 11.01 3.49 4 20.17 4.13 2.46 1.67 11.05 3.41 5 21.31 4.56 2.76 1.80 11.42 4.10 6 18.70 4.03 2.44 1.59 10.42 2.84 7 18.84 4.02 2.53 1.49 0 9.95 3.28 8 19.53 4.09 2.31 1.78 10.54 3.74 9 20.97 4.21 2.37 1.84 11.68 3.44 ♀ 1 22.25 4.93 2.82 2.11 12.50 4.17 2 25.82 5.73 3.51 2.22 14.40 4.18 3 24.13 5.81 3.42 2.39 13.27 4.76 4 23.40 5.27 3.21 2.06 12.15 4.24 5 23.39 5.35 3.12 2.23 13.21 4.56 6 23.28 5.55 3.15 2.40 12.64 4.52 7 24.51 6.28 3.77 2.51 13.20 5.25 8 26.40 5.97 3.43 2.54 14.45 4.76

Dasyscirtus monicae sp. nov. ♂ 1 (HT) 21.40 4.58 2.72 1.86 12.02 3.60 2 23.20 5.27 3.15 2.12 12.36 4.54 3 19.77 4.17 2.67 1.50 10.89 3.98 ♀ 1 27.58 7.04 4.01 3.03 14.82 6.46 2 27.47 7.06 4.10 2.96 14.70 6.35 3 26.89 7.10 4.11 2.99 14.75 4.80

Perixerus squamipennis ♂ 1 18.05 4.36 2.47 1.89 0 9.50 3.31 2 20.26 5.23 2.65 2.58 11.00 3.90 3 18.80 4.41 2.63 1.78 10.50 3.45 4 18.71 4.39 2.53 1.86 0 9.57 3.76 5 19.08 4.85 2.76 2.09 10.50 4.16 ♀ 1 22.06 5.88 3.14 2.74 11.53 4.62 2 23.34 6.72 3.64 3.08 13.00 5.00 3 20.53 5.51 3.09 2.42 11.34 3.77 4 23.31 6.32 3.53 2.79 13.06 5.32 5 21.84 6.12 3.33 2.79 12.07 4.39 ......continued on the next page SPECIES SPECIMEN ENTIRE PRONOTUM PROZONA METAZONA HIND TEGMINA

BODY FEMUR

URN:LSID: ORTHOPTERA .SPECIESFILE.ORG:TAXONNAME:55196

Perixerus hirsutus HEBARD. 1935. MITT. ZOOL. MUS. BERLIN 20(3):444. Dasyscirtus hirsutus ROBERTS, H.R. 1947. PROC. ACAD. NAT. SCI. PHILAD. 99:222.

Coloration. This species is well-characterized by its contrasting body color, which is mostly dark greenish, but yellowish on its head, posterior and lower margin of pronotum (as well as on the median carinae), part of fore and middle legs, dorsal portion of hind femora, and medial dorsal band on the abdomen. Lower margins of hind femora are bright red. Tegmina reticulation is often light, contrasting with dark background. Fastigium and eyes as in D. olivaceus , antennae completely blackish in both sexes ( Figs. 8 View FIGURE 8 , 9 View FIGURE 9 , 12 View FIGURE 12 ).

Body, Pronotum, and Tegmina. The body of D. hirsutus is heavily pubescent. Pronotum shows a distinct sculpture pattern in prozona and metazona. On the prozona, a clear transversal rugosity is detectable while the metazona is densely dotted. Tegmina lateral, regularly oval in male, but more or less rhomboidal; in female, with a more acutely rounded apex, and reaching the middle of first abdominal tergite in males and middle of 2nd abdominal tergite in females ( Figs. 8 View FIGURE 8 , 9 View FIGURE 9 , 12 View FIGURE 12 ).

Terminalia: Male, external. Furculae absent. Supra-anal plate subtriangular with narrowly rounded apex; lateral sides slightly convex with reduced keels and shallow, median groove that extends apically for approximately ½ the total length. Cerci wider at base and narrowing in middle, but slightly expanding apically; apices are rounded dorsally and pointed ventrally; gently curving inwards beginning around midway point. Subgenital plate hemiconical in lateral view, slightly more pointed at apex than in D. olivaceus , and with hemielliptical inner margin in dorsal view ( Fig. 10A,B View FIGURE 10 ). Internal phallic complex: overall, typical for a melanopline, with the following unique characters: Epiphallus: ancorae relatively elongate, subtriangular, bent slightly ventrally, and curve slightly inwards; lophi prominent, subrectangular, and typically bent strongly anteriorly; moderately wrinkled compared to conspecifics and covered in raised microscopic structures ( Figs. 10C,D View FIGURE 10 & 11A–B View FIGURE 11 ). Ectophallus: rami prominent, extending posteriorly at about a 60° angle, and also extending well below valves of aedeagus. Sheath of aedeagus fairly narrow and taking the form of two halves that do not meet, with each containing three folds of lobes that extend from apex of rami and are covered in raised microstructures resembling those on the post-epiphallic lobe; first and second folds of approximately equal size with third much smaller and extending a bit posteriorly along non-curving portion of dorsal valves of aedeagus ( Figs. 10C,D View FIGURE 10 & 11A,C–D View FIGURE 11 ). Endophallus: arch of aedeagus welldeveloped. Dorsal valves of aedeagus do not meet flexures, are about ½ the length of ventral valves, and with basal ½ wide and connected; apical ½ is narrowly y-shaped and terminates in thin structures that are enveloped in thin lobes that extend along the ventral valves until just before their apices. Ventral valves of aedeagus meet flexures, are twice as long as the dorsal valves, and are broadly v-shaped overall with apices curving sharply upwards and narrowing to points that bend sharply outwards, and often with lower structures that jut out similarly (best viewed posteriorly) ( Fig. 35 View FIGURE 35 ); apical ½ with ventral, lightly sclerotized, shovel-like lobes that typically extend straight posteriorly beyond upper curved apices ( Figs. 10C,D View FIGURE 10 & 11A,C–D View FIGURE 11 ). Female, external: as in D. olivaceus and D. monicae sp. nov.: supra-anal plate subtriangular, cerci relatively small and subconical, and dorsal valves of ovipositor with teeth along majority of dorsal margin ( Fig. 13 View FIGURE 13 ).

Male measurements (in mm) (n=9) ( Table 1): Body length 17.57–21.31 (19.47 ± 1.26); pronotum length 3.62–4.56 (4.05 ± 0.26); prozona length 2.31–2.76 (2.45 ± 0.14); metazona length 1.27–1.84 (1.60 ± 0.20); hind femur length 9.61–11.68 (10.62 ± 0.72); and tegmina length 2.61–3.74 (3.31 ± 0.47). Female measurements (in mm) (n=8) ( Table 1): Body length 22.25–26.40 (24.15 ± 1.39); pronotum length 4.93–6.28 (5.61 ± 0.43); prozona length 2.82–3.77 (3.30 ± 0.29); metazona length 2.06–2.54 (2.31 ± 0.18); hind femur length 12.15–14.45 (13.23 ± 0.84); and tegmina length 4.17–5.25 (4.56 ± 0.37).

Material examined. Female holotype ( MfN, Museum für Naturkunde , Berlin , Germany, Fig. 8 View FIGURE 8 ) Mexico, Guerrero. Texquitzin, near Chilapa (X-1929) Legit L. Schutze . CPF. Mexico, Guerrero. 4 mi N of Chilpancingo. 1524 m a.s.l. 1 male and 1 female (17-IX-1940) Legit C. Bolivar and H.R. Roberts . Mexico, Guerrero. Cueva del Borrego, Omiltemi. 1 female (5-XI-1985) . Mexico, Morelos, Tepoztlan. 1 female (11-X-1945) Legit C. Bolivar . Mexico, Estado de Mexico. Camino a Tecomatepec. 1 male (4-XII-1946) . ANSP. Mexico, Guerrero, 2.4 mi SW Almolonga (9.4 miles NE Tixtla ) 5700 ft. 2 males and 1 female (18-IX-1959) Legit I.J. Cantrall & T.J. Cohn #143 . Mexico, Guerrero, 16 rd mi S Chilpancingo (km 298 on Hwy 95) 3800 ft. 2 males and 1 female (X-1959) Legit I.J. Cantrall & T.J. Cohn #147 . Mexico, Guerrero, 9 rd mi NE Taxco (1.7 rd mi SW Acuitlapan ) 5700 ft. 1 male and 1 female (17-IX-1959) Legit I.J. Cantrall & T.J. Cohn #137. CNIN-UNAM: Mexico, Guerrero, Omiltemi - 99.69114004, 17.550556 , 2206 m a.s.l. 6 males and 9 females (27-X-2015) Legit S. Sanabria-Urbán # M035-L61.

Geographic distribution. This species has the widest range among its congeners and is distributed from the inner slope of the Sierra Madre del Sur to the northern-central portion of the Balsas River Basin in elevations ranging from 457 to 2,206 m.a.s.l. in the Mexican states of Guerrero, Mexico, and Morelos ( Fig. 36 View FIGURE 36 ).

Discussion. This species was originally described by Hebard (1935) under the genus Perixerus , based only on female specimens. Roberts (1947) placed this species in the genus Dasyscirtus and added a short, but effective, description of the male. We have provided a more complete description for this species.

Dasyscirtus

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