Deretaphrus piceus ( Germar, 1848 )

Lord, Nathan P. & McHugh, Joseph V., 2013, A Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Deretaphrus Newman, 1842 (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea: Bothrideridae), The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 12) 67, pp. 1-107 : 45-47

Deretaphrus piceus ( Germar, 1848)

( Figs. 43 , 51 , 76 , 120–121 , 133 , 159 , 176 , 228–229 )

Sigerpes piceus Germar, 1848: 223 . Synonymized by Lacordaire 1854: 377–378.

Deretaphrus piceus: Pascoe 1862: 462–463 . Masters 1871: 79; Lacordaire 1876: 8, pl. 20; Lea 1898: 550; Blackburn 1903: 121–123, 125, 129; Carter and Zeck 1937: 200–201.

Derataphrus piceus: Lacordaire 1876: 8 ; pl. 20 fig. 3. Misspelling, no status.

Deretaphrus bakewellii Pascoe, 1862: 463 . Synonymized by Carter and Zeck 1937: 200.

Deretaphrus bakewelli: Masters 1871: 78 ; Lea 1898: 547, 550; Blackburn 1903: 123, 129; Carter and Zeck 1937: 200–201. Misspelling, no status.

Deretaphrus thoracicus Blackburn, 1903: 122 . Synonymized by Carter and Zeck 1937: 200–201.

Diagnosis. This species can be readily distinguished from congeners by the sparsely punctate surface of the pronotal disc, the clearly interrupted pronotal median longitudinal canal, the (relatively) dense setation of the antennal club, the shape of the submentum, and abdominal ventrite V bearing two depressions on either side of the midline, resulting in a median V-shaped area near the posterior margin. It most closely resembles D. analis , from which it can be differentiated by the much more prominently punctate pronotal disc, the posterior portion of the pronotal median longitudinal canal being open and narrowed posteriorly, the more prominent elytral punctures, and the form of the aedeagus.

Redescription. Length 5.6–12.1. Width 1.6–2.9 mm. Body elongate, parallel, dark brown to black; dorsal surface glabrous, moderately shiny; ventral surface moderately shiny, glabrous except for minute setae that arise from punctures. Head: In dorsal view, slightly narrowed anteriorly; without laterally expanded supra-ocular ridges; eyes visible from above; punctures small and dense except sparse along posterior margin. Frontoclypeal suture not distinct, arcuate anteromedially. Anterior margin of clypeus broadly arcuate. Submentum shape as in Fig. 51 ; distinctly separated from subgenal braces, with paired setose pits; anterior margin moderately expanded anteroventrally over oral cavity; a portion of the mentum visible. Antennal groove well-developed, impunctate. Antenna densely setose; segment 1 with few setae on ventral surface; segments 2–4 with short setae; segments 5–11 with long, golden setae that extend beyond distal margin of antennal segment from which they arise. Antennal club segments with multiple transverse rows of setae. Antennal club subsymmetrical. Dorsal surface (external face) of mandible with median setose groove. Thorax ( Fig. 76 ): Pronotum elongate, widest near anterior ¼; dorsal surface flattened along longitudinal midline, convex laterally; anterior margin slightly arcuate, slightly wider than head; anterior angles rounded; base narrower than elytral bases; posterior margin slightly sinuate; posterior angles with small denticle; lateral margin with incomplete carina, forming a distinct raised border in dorsal view. Pronotal disc with small, sparse punctures. Pronotal median longitudinal canal well-developed, interrupted to form a deep, anterior fovea and a posterior canal; raised interruption of the canal impunctate; anterior fovea narrows to a point anteriorly; posterior canal wide, deeply impressed, abruptly narrowed and open at the base, internal lateral margins of canal grooved. Hypomeron minutely punctate; strongly deflexed medially. Prosternum flat medially, strongly deflexed at lateral margin. Tergosternal suture slightly sinuate. Elytra ( Figs. 120–121 ): Elytron convex; interstitial intervals 3, 5, 7, and 9 feebly raised, more pronounced near apex; interval 5 meets or nearly meets interval 9 near elytral apex; intervals 3, 5, and 7 with micropunctures at crest. Apical elytral margin with small, dense punctures. Basal elytral margin with intervals 3 and 5 ending in a knob-like protuberance; protuberance of interval 5 narrowly separated or slightly touching finger-like callosity on the elytral shoulder. Legs: Base of femur and trochanter with long, sparse setae; inner face of tibia with fringe of long, dense setae. Tarsus densely setose with long setae that extend beyond the segment from which they arise. Abdomen: Ventrite V more heavily punctured, bearing two depressions on either side of midline, resulting in a median V-shaped area near posterior margin ( Fig. 133 ), present in both sexes. Aedeagus: Phallobase as in Fig. 159 . Tegmen consisting of paired, elongate, anteriorly-projecting subtriangular plates at middle; plates narrowly touching medially. Basal piece with long anterolateral struts; struts recurved anteriorly. Parameres broadly rounded, broadly fused to one another near base, collectively articulated to phallobase; each paramere with a pair of oblique, elongate-oval patches near base and a pair of subcircular patches near apex; patches lighter in color than remainder of paramere; paramere sparsely setose with short setae at apical margin; dorsal surface of paramere lacking process; Penis similar to Fig. 167 ; elongate, slender, variously curved; apex narrowed and pointed; base slightly expanded, bearing long, slender, paired anterior struts. Penis slightly lighter in color near base.

Variation. Size and color are variable within the species. The degree of carination of the raised interstitial intervals is variable, ranging from only slightly raised to distinctly raised. The lateral margins of the pronotum may be slightly to strongly narrowed. The base of the pronotal median longitudinal canal is generally narrowed posteriorly but may be more or less parallel-sided. The anterior portion of the pronotal canal ranges from narrowed anteriorly (in most specimens) to oval.

Distribution. Australia: Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, and Victoria ( Fig. 176 ).

Biology. One specimen was found in the galleries of Phoracantha ( Coleoptera : Cerambycidae ) in Eucalyptus viminalis [ANIC 65NL]. Several specimens were collected under bark [ANIC 253NL, SAMA 239NL]. Several specimens were taken at lights [ANIC 125NL, ANIC 133NL, ANIC 169NL]. One specimen was taken at a mercury vapor light in an open forest [QMBA 3NL].

Remarks. Neither Germar (1848), Pascoe (1862), nor Blackburn (1903) mentioned the number of specimens examined of D. piceus , D. bakewellii , and D. thoracicus , respectively. In order to stabilize these names, lectotypes are here designated for Deretaphrus piceus Germar , Deretaphrus bakewellii Pascoe , and Deretaphrus thoracicus Blackburn , and a paralectotype is here designated for Deretaphrus piceus Germar from the syntype series of those species. There is a specimen in MNHUB (MNHUB 21NL, examined) that is labeled as a syntype of D. bakewellii , however, we do not regard this specimen as a syntype, as the label data do not correspond with the lectotype in the BMNH.

Type Locality. Deretaphrus piceus: Adelaide , South Australia ; Deretaphrus bakewellii: Melbourne , Victoria and Sydney, New South Wales ; Deretaphrus thoracicus: Glenelg River District , Victoria .

Type Material Examined. Deretaphrus piceus . LECTOTYPE ( Figs. 228–229 ) ( MNHUB, pinned) label data: “43683 // Adelaide [handwritten on purple label] // piceus Germ. [handwritten on purple label, label folded] // Hist. –Coll. ( Coleoptera ) Nr. 43683 Deretaphrus piceus Germ. typ Adelaide, Coll. Schaum Zool. Mus. Berlin [purple label with black border] // piceus [in Heinze’ s hand] Germ. vid. Dr. E. Heinze 1942 // SYNTYPUS Sigerpes piceus Germar, 1848 labeled by MNHUB 2007 [red label]” [ MNHUB 19 NL, examined]. Sex not determined . PARALECTOTYPE ( MNHUB, pinned) label data: “Adelaide [handwritten] // Hist. –Coll. ( Coleoptera ) Nr. 43683 Deretaphrus piceus

Germ. typ Adelaide, Coll. Schaum Zool. Mus. Berlin [purple label with black border] // piceus Germ. [in Heinze’ s hand] vid. Dr. E. Heinze 1942 // SYNTYPUS Sigerpes piceus Germar, 1848 labeled by MNHUB 2007 [red label]” [ MNHUB 20 NL, examined]. Sex not determined.

Deretaphrus bakewellii . LECTOTYPE ( Figs. 230–231 ) ( BMNH, pinned) label data: “Type [round label with orange border] // Melbourne [in Pascoe’ s hand on green oval label] // Deretaphrus Bakewellii Pascoe type [in Pascoe’ s hand] // Pascoe Coll. 93–60”. [ BMNH 108 NL, examined]. Sex not determined.

Deretaphrus thoracicus . LECTOTYPE ( Figs. 232–233 ) (♂, BMNH, point-mounted) label data: “T. 5346 Nelg. V. [in Blackburn’ s hand at base of card-mount; “T.” is written in black ink, “5346” and Nels V. ” is written in red ink] // Type H.T. [round label with orange border] // Australia. [red underline] Blackburn Coll. B.M. 1910-236 // Deretaphrus thoracicus, Blackb. [in Blackburn’ s hand]” [ BMNH 102 NL, examined]. This type was removed from the original card-mount and pointmounted. The original card-mount, abdomen (glued to a card, bearing a ♂ symbol), and genitalia (in glycerin in genitalia vial) are pinned beneath the specimen.

Additional Material Examined (259). AUSTRALIA: AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TER- RITORY (A.C.T.): Black Mountain ( ANIC 65 NL, ANIC 202 NL, ANIC 210–211 NL, ANIC 231 NL); Canberra ( ANIC 111 NL, ANIC 142 NL); Mount Ainslie ( ANIC 105 NL); Weetangera ( ANIC 253 NL); no locality ( ANIC 169 NL). NEW SOUTH WALES: Armidale ( ANIC 77 NL, ANIC 115–116 NL, ANIC 120 NL); Bathurst ( BPBM 1 NL, BPBM 5–7 NL); Blue Mountains ( ANIC 98 NL, MAMU 41 NL); Bombala ( AMSA 56–57 NL); Cooma ( MCZ 21 NL); Culcairn ( ANIC 53 NL); Forest Reefs ( ANIC 49 NL, SAMA 7 NL, SAMA 98 NL, USNM 65 NL); Glenreagh ( SAMA 254 NL); Goulburn ( ANIC 189 NL, SAMA 168 NL); Greta ( BPBM 32 NL, BPBM 36–37 NL); Howlong ( ANIC 227 NL, ANIC 234 NL); Lane Cove ( MAMU 26–27 NL); Murrumbateman ( ANIC 103 NL); Nowra ( ANIC 215 NL); Pipers Flat ( MAMU 39 NL); Sydney ( BMNH 81 NL, BPBM 4 NL, CASC 128 NL, SAMA 99–100 NL); Tumut River ( ANIC 293 NL, BPBM 31 NL, BPBM 33–35 NL); Wagga Wagga ( MAMU 31 NL); Werris Creek ( SAMA 103 NL); no locality ( ANIC 161–163 NL). QUEENSLAND: Dawson River ( SAMA 227 NL); Gayndah ( SAMA 33 NL); Kuranda ( QMBA 41 NL); Mount Nebo Road ( QMBA 3 NL); River Crossing, 1 mi. W of Uralla ( UQIC 13–14 NL); Stanthorpe ( UQIC 43 NL); Wyberba ( ANIC 146 NL). SOUTH AUSTRALIA: Adelaide ( AMSA 50 NL, BMNH 29 NL, BMNH 32 NL,

BMNH 38–39 NL, MNHUB 22 NL, OUMNH 8 NL, OUMNH 17–18 NL, SAMA 101 NL, SAMA 177–178 NL); Enfield suburb ( AMSA 48 NL); Glenunga ( SAMA 206–207 NL); Greenock ( FMNH 12 NL, SAMA 195 NL); Hamelfirth ( SAMA 232 NL); Kangaroo Island ( SAMA 192 NL, SAMA 201 NL, SAMA 214 NL, SAMA 217–219 NL, SAMA 248 NL); Kangaroo Island, Ravine des Casoars Wilderness Protection Area ( SAMA 239 NL); Lucindale ( SAMA 104–110 NL, SAMA 113 NL); Mount Lofty ( SAMA 216 NL, SAMA 245– 246 NL); Mount Lofty Ranges ( AMSA 49 NL, AMSA 51 NL, SAMA 117–125 NL, SAMA 131–136 NL); Murray River ( SAMA 180 NL, SAMA 250 NL); Mylor ( SAMA 179 NL); Quorn ( SAMA 191 NL); Saddleworth ( SAMA 182 NL); Torrens Gorge ( SAMA 181 NL); Yorketown ( FMNH 21 NL); no locality ( ANIC 95 NL, BMNH 30 NL, BMNH 41 NL, FMNH 18–19 NL, MAMU 43 NL, MCZ 22 NL, SAMA 111 NL, SAMA 137 NL). TASMANIA: Hobart ( ANIC 133 NL, BMNH 73 NL); Huon River ( SAMA 128 NL); Launceston ( BMNH 35–36 NL, BMNH 40 NL, BMNH 75–77 NL, SAMA 175–176 NL, SAMA 243 NL); Mount Nelson, Hobart ( ANIC 125 NL); New Norfolk ( BMNH 78 NL, BMNH 80 NL); no locality ( BMNH 34 NL, SAMA 3 NL, SAMA 199 NL). VICTORIA: Alexandra ( FMNH 10 NL); Edenhope ( SAMA 115 NL); Eltham ( QMBA 44 NL); Fern Tree Gully ( UQIC 37 NL); Fitzroy River ( BMNH 9 NL); Gippsland ( ANIC 52 NL, ANIC 56–57 NL, MVMA 104–105 NL); Greensborough ( MVMA 100–101 NL); Heyfield ( USNM 66–67 NL); Kewell ( SAMA 126 NL); Kiata ( MAIC 1–2 NL); Mallee District ( MVMA 98 NL, MVMA 109 NL); Melbourne ( MVMA 89 NL, OUMNH 3– 4 NL, OUMNH 6 NL); Mildura ( MVMA 99 NL, MVMA 103 NL); Moe ( ANIC 97 NL, ANIC 213 NL, ANIC 218–220 NL); Narracan ( ANIC 304 NL, MVMA 88 NL); Port Phillip ( BMNH 33 NL); Seaford ( MVMA 92 NL; MVMA 106– 107 NL); Warburton district ( MVMA 94 NL); Yarra Glen ( ANIC 281–282 NL); no locality ( ANIC 157 NL, FMNH 17 NL, MNHUB 24–40 NL, MVMA 87 NL, MVMA 108 NL, SAMA 94–95 NL). STATE UNKNOWN: Paret Reefs ( SAMA 96–97 NL); Parkside ( SAMA 198 NL); Victorian Alps ( SAMA 2 NL, SAMA 112 NL); no locality ( AMSA 32–33 NL; ANIC 206 NL, ANIC 209 NL, ANIC 233 NL; BMNH 28 NL, BMNH 37 NL, FMNH 7–9 NL, FMNH 13–16 NL, MAMU 29 NL, MAMU 32–34 NL, MCZ 23 NL, MNHUB 21 NL, MNHUB 23 NL, MVMA 93 NL, MVMA 95–97 NL, MVMA 102 NL, OUMNH 2 NL, OUMNH 7 NL, OUMNH 15–16 NL, QDPI 20 NL, SAMA 4–6 NL, SAMA 62 NL, SAMA 102 NL, SAMA 129–130 NL, SAMA 203 NL, USNM 60 NL).

Figures

Figs. 42–43. Deretaphrus species, head showing clypeal emargination, mandibular setae, and areas of metal incorporation. 42) D. interruptus, anterior view; 43) D. piceus, anterior view.

Figs. 48–53. Deretaphrus species, head capsule, ventral view, showing setae and shape of submentum. 48) D. ignarus;

Figs. 75–81. Deretaphrus species, pronotum. 75) D. parviceps; 76) D. piceus; 77) D. puncticollis; 78) D. rodmani;

Figs. 118–123. Deretaphrus species, elytra, dorsal and lateral views. 118–119) D. parviceps; 120–121) D. piceus;

Figs. 132–139. Deretaphrus species, abdominal apex. 132) D. analis, ventral view (either sex); 133) D. piceus, ventral view (either sex); 134) D. erichsoni, female, ventral view; 135) D. erichsoni, female, oblique lateral view; 136) D. hoplites, female, ventral view; 137) D. xanthorrhoeae, male, ventral view; 138) D. xanthorrhoeae, female, ventral view; 139) D. xanthorrhoeae, female, posterior view.

Figs. 158–164. Deretaphrus species, phallobase. 158) D. parviceps; 159) D. piceus; 160) D. puncticollis;

Figs. 175–176. Distribution of Deretaphrus species. 175) D. fossus and D. ignarus; 176) D. piceus and D. viduatus.

Figs. 228–236. Primary type specimens and specimen labels of Deretaphrus species. 228–229) D. piceus, lectotype, MNHUB; 230–231) D. bakewellii, lectotype, BMNH; 232–233) D. thoracicus, lectotype, BMNH; 234–235) D. puncticollis, lectotype, SAMA; 236) D. rodmani, holotype, WAMP.

Figs. 165–172. Deretaphrus species, penis (left: dorsal view; right: lateral view; phallobase, to scale with penis). 165) D. boliviensis; 166) D. bucculentus; 167) D. gracilis; 168) D. hoplites; 169) D. ignarus; 170) D. oregonensis; 171) D. parviceps; 172) D. puncticollis.