Deuteraphorura pseudobosnaria ( Dallai, 1970 )

Fanciulli, Pietro Paolo, Loreti, Mara & Dallai, Romano, 2010, A new cave species of Deuteraphorura (Collembola: Onychiuridae) and redescription of four species of the genus from Italy, Zootaxa 2609, pp. 34-54 : 38-49

Deuteraphorura pseudobosnaria ( Dallai, 1970)

Figs 14–24 , Tab. 4–6.

Onychiurus pseudobosnarius Dallai, 1970: 447

Material examined: holotype (female) and 3 paratypes (2 females, 1 male) on slides in Collembolan collection, Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Siena. All types labelled as “ Onychiurus pseudobosnarius, Alpi Apuane , 23-III-1970 (leg. R. Dallai.)” sampling locality at the beginning of the fork to Arni. Topotypes in alcohol collection; 4 females, 2 males labelled “Alpi Apuane, Mt. Corchia, 24-9-1969 ”, 3 females, 1 male labelled “Alpi Apuane, Mt. Freddone, 29-10-1969 (leg. R. Dallai)”.

Redescription. Body length 1.49–2.0 mm; cuticle granulation fine and regularly distributed on the body.

Length of the antennal segments I, II, III and IV as 46, 65, 86 and 174 µm respectively. Antennal base well marked. Ratio antennae/head diagonal is 0.82. Ant. IV with subapical organite and microsensillum at the base ( Fig. 17 ). Ant. I, II and III with 9, 14 and 19 chaetae respectively ( Fig. 17 ). Antennal III sense organ as in Fig. 21 , consisting of five papillae, two sensory rods, two ribbed sensory clubs and five guard chaetae; microsensillum present.

PAO in cuticular groove, with 16 compound vesicles disposed on two parallel rows ( Fig. 22 ). Labrum with 5,4,2 chaetae ( Fig. 23 ); labium: submentum with 4+4 chaetae, basolateral field––mentum with 5 chaetae ( Fig. 18 ); outer maxillary lobe with one basal and two sublobal hairs. Labial palp of type AB with 6 proximal chaetae, labial papillae A, B, C, D and E with 1, 4, 0, 3 and 3 guard chaetae respectively ( Fig. 19 ).

Body chaetotaxy consisting of macrochaetae and mesochaetae apically pointed and one microsensillum positioned dorso-laterally on the on thoracic terga II and III. Dorsal chaetotaxy as in Fig. 14 and Tab. 4–6. Abdominal terga IV and VI with chaeta p0; Abd. IV with chaeta p4. Without chaetae on thoracic sterna. Ventral chaetotaxy of abdomen and head as in Figs 15 and 16 respectively. VT with 6+6 apical chaetae on each side, without basal chaetae. Furca reduced to finely granulated area with 2+2 chaetae disposed in one row; female genital area with about 30 small chaetae ( Fig. 15 ); male genital area as in Fig. 20 with about 40 small chaetae.

TABLE 4. Deuteraphorura pseudobosnaria . Chaetotaxy of the head. row Number and kind of chaetae d m0, m1, m2, m3, m4 sd m1, m3, m3’, m4, m5 sd’ m1, m3, m5

v m1, m2, m3, M4

ca m5

cm m3, m4

cb m1, m3, m5, m6

cp m1, m4, m6

p m2, m3, m4, m5

g 11 chaetae

m: micro-mesochaetae; M: macrochaetae.

row Thorax I Thorax II Thorax III a m2, m4, m 6 m 2, m4, m5, m6, M 7 m 2, m4, m5, m6, m 7 m m1, M2, m3?, m4, m5?, m6, M 7 m 1, M2, m4, m6, M7 ca m4, m 5 m 4, m5 cp m1, m2, m4, m 6 m 1, m2, m4, m6 p M1, m2, m3, m4, M5, m6, M 7 m 1, m2, M3, m4, M5, m6, M 7 m 1, m2, M3, m4, M5, m6, m7,M 8 m: micro-mesochaetae; M: macrochaetae.

TABLE 6. Deuteraphorura pseudobosnaria . Chaetotaxy of the abdominal tergites.

row Abdomen I Abdomen II Abdomen III

a m3, m5, m6, m 7 m 3, m5, m6, m 7 m 3, m5, m6, m7

m m1, m2, m4, m6, M 7 m 1, M2, m4, M6?, M 7 m 1, M2?, m4, m5, M6?, M7 ca m1, m4, m 6 m 1, m3, m4, m 6 m 1, m5, m6

p m1, m2, m3, M4, m5, m6, M 7 m 1, m2, m3, M4, m5, m6, M 7 m 1, m2, m3, M4, m5, m6, M7 continued.

row Abdomen IV Abdomen V Abdomen VI a m2, m3, m5, m6, m7

m m1, M2, m3, m4, m5, m6, M 7 m 2, m3, m4, m5, M 7 m 1 ca m1, m4, m5, m 6 m 3, m4, m5 cp m3, m4, m5

p m0, m1, m2, m3, m4, M5, m6, m7, M 8 m 1, m2, m3s’, M5, m6, M7 M0, M1, M2, m3, m 4 m: micro-mesochaetae; M: macrochaetae.

Tibiotarsi I, II and III with 18, 18 and 17 chaetae respectively; distal whorl with 9 chaetae. Claw without inner tooth, but with two small baso-lateral teeth; empodial appendage slender, without basal lamella and reaching about 80% of the inner edge ( Fig. 24 ).

Pseudocellar formula dorsally: 33/033/33353; ventrally 3/011/3212. Subcoxae 1 of legs I, II and III with 2 pseudocelli. All femura ventrally with one parapseudocellus, not well visible in other parts of body.

Taxonomic remarks. Compared with the original description ( Dallai 1970) we have modified the ventral pseudocellar formula from 3/022/3212 to 3/011/3212 because of the misinterpretation of the two roundish structures positioned close to linea ventralis at the level of intersternites. These structures cannot be interpreted neither as parapseudocelli nor pseudopores, thus their real significance remains to be established. D. pseudobosnaria has the same dorsal formula of D. apuanica (33/033/33353) but the two differ for the ventral formula that is 3/011/ 3212 in D. pseudobosnaria and 2/011/ 1212 in D. apuanica . Five other species, indeed, have the same ventral (3/011/3212) but a different dorsal formula of pseudocelli: D cebennaria ( Gisin, 1956) 32/133/33354, D. closanica ( Gruia, 1965) 33(4)/133/33353, D. gemae ( Simon & Luciáñez, 1994) 32/ 133/33353, D. nevoi (Gruia, Poliakov & Broza, 2000) 32/122/33343 and D. frasassi ( Fanciulli, 1999) 32/033/ 33353, this last species being the more closely related to D. pseudobosnaria .

Deuteraphorura pseudoinsubraria ( Dallai, 1970) Figs 25–31 , Tab. 7 –9

Onuchiurus pseudoinsubarius Dallai, 1970: 447

Material examined. Holotype (female) and 1 paratype (male) mounted on slides, Collembolan collection, Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Siena. Holotype labelled as ” Onychiurus pseudoinsubrarius, Alpi Apuane , 23-III-1970 ”(in Dallai (1970) “near Stazzema), paratype labelled as “ Onychiurus pseudoinsubrarius, Alpi Apuane – Riomagno, 23-III-1970 (leg. R. Dallai)”.

Redescription. Body length is 2.0 0 mm, while the paratype is 1.75 mm long. Granulation of body fine and uniform.

Antennal bases well marked. Ant. I, II, III and IV as long as 35, 81, 89 and 118 µm respectively ( Fig. 28 ). Ratio antennae/head diagonal is 0.82. Microsensillum on Ant. IV located slightly above posterior chaetae; subapical organite present. Ant. I, II and III with 8, 14 and 17 chaetae respectively ( Fig. 28 ). Antennal III sense organ with five conical papillae, two sensory rods, two ribbed sensory clubs and five guard chaetae ( Fig. 29 ); lateral microsensillum present.

PAO in long cuticular groove with 16–17 finely granulated vesicles ( Fig. 30 ). Labrum with 5,4,2 chaetae; labium: submentum with 4+4 chaetae, basolateral field––mentum with 5 chaetae; outer maxillary lobe as usual with one basal and two sublobal hairs. Labial palp of type AB with 6 proximal chaetae, labial papillae A, B, C, D and E with 1, 4, 0, 3 and 3 guard chaetae respectively. Mandible with 4 apical teeth; maxillary head not well visible.

Distribution of dorsal chaetae as in Fig. 25 and Table 7 –9 consisting of mesochaetae and macrochaetae apically pointed and lateral microsensilla on thoracic terga II and III. Ventral chaetotaxy of abdomen and head as in Figs 26 and 27 . Abdominal terga IV and VI with chaeta p0. Ratio chaetae M/s’ = 2.0 on the V abdominal tergum. Thoracic sterna without chaetae. Ventral tube with 6+6 chaetae, no chaetae at the base. Furca reduced to finely granulated area with 2+2 chaetae disposed in one row.

Tibiotarsi I, II and III with 18, 18 and 17 chaetae respectively ( Fig. 31 ); distal whorl with 9 chaetae. Claw without inner tooth but with two small baso-lateral teeth; empodial appendage without basal lamella, about 80% of the inner edge.

Pseudocellar formula dorsally: 32/133/33353; ventrally: 3/011/1212.

Taxonomic remarks. D. pseudoinsubraria share the same dorsal pseudocellar formula (32/133/33353) of D. eduardi ( Denis, 1938) , D. insubraria ( Gisin, 1952) , D. silvaria ( Gisin, 1952) but differs from these in the ventral formula. This is 3/011/ 1212 in D. pseudoinsubraria , but 3/011/ 2212 in D. insubraria , 2/000/ 1212 in D. eduardi and 3/011/ 3222 in D. silvaria . D. angelieri ( Izarra, 1968) show the same ventral formula as in D. pseudoinsubraria but they show a different number of pseudocelli on the IV and V abdominal terga (5, 3 in D. pseudoinsubraria VS 4,2 in D. angelieri ).

d m0, m1, m2, m3, m4 sd m1, m2, m3, m3’, m4, m5, sd’ m1, m3’, m3, m 5 v m1, m2, m3, M4 ca m5,

cm m3, m4

cb m1, m2, m5, m6 cp m1, m4, m6

p m2, M3, m4, m5, m 6 g 11 chaetae

m: micro-mesochaetae; M: macrochaetae.

row Thorax I Thorax II Thorax III a m2, m4, m 6 m 2, m3, m4, m5, m6, M 7 m 2, m3, m4, m5, m6, M 7 m m1, M2, m3, m4, m6, M 7 m 1, M2, m3, m5, m6, M7 ca m 5 m 4,m5

cp m1, m2, m4, m 6 m 1, m2, m4, m6 p M1, m2, m3, m4, M5, m6, M 7 m 1, m2, M3, m4, M5, m6, m7, M 8 m 1, m2, M3, m4, M5, m6, m7, M 8 m: micro-mesochaetae; M: macrochaetae.

TABLE 9. Deuteraphorura pseudoinsubraria . Chaetotaxy of the abdominal tergites. m: micro-mesochaetae; M: macrochaetae.

Deuteraphorura apuanica ( Dallai, 1970) Figs 32–38 , Tab. 10–12

Onychiurus apuanicus Dallai, 1970: 446 –447 Material examined: holotype (female) and 5 paratypes (1 male and 4 females) mounted on slides from the collembolan collection of the Department of Evolutionary Biology of the University of Siena. Holotype labelled as ” Onychiurus apuanicus Alpi Apuane , 29-X-1969 ” collected along slope of Mount Freddone; four paratype females labelled as “ Onychiurus apuanicus, Alpi Apuane – Monte Freddone”, a paratype male labelled as “ Onychiurus apuanicus – Alpi Apuane 24-IX-1969 – Monte Corchia (leg. R. Dallai). 13 topotypes (12 females, 1 male) in alcohol collection labelled as “Alpi Apuane, 29-X-1969, Mt. Freddone” (leg. R. Dallai). All slides conserved in the Collembola collection, Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Siena.

Redescription. Body length 1.4–1.81 mm; body shape cylindrical with uniform cuticle granulation, body colour white in alcohol.

Ant. I, II, III and IV as long as 44, 61, 67 and 110 µm respectively. Ratio antennae/head diagonal is 0,85. Ant. IV with subapical organite and microsensillum at its base just at the level of first row of posterior chaetae ( Fig. 37 ). Ant. I, II, III and IV with 8, 14 and 18 chaetae respectively ( Fig. 37 ). Antennal sense organ III organized with five conical papillae, two sensory rods, two ribbed sensory clubs and five guard chaetae; microsensillum present ( Figs 36 and 37 ).

PAO with 14–16 compound tubercles in two parallel rows ( Fig. 35 ). Labrum with 5,4,2 chaetae, labium: submentum with 4+4 chaetae, basolateral field––mentum with 5+5 chaetae ( Fig. 34 ). Maxillary palp with one basal and two sublobal hairs. Labial palp of type AB, consisting of 6 proximal chaetae, papillae A, B, C, D and E with 1, 4, 0, 3 and 3 guard chaetae, respectively.

Body chaetotaxy of mesochaetae and macrochaetae and microsensilla on thoracic terga II and III, as in Fig. 32 and Table 10–12. Chaeta p0 present on abdominal terga IV and VI, sometimes also chaeta ca0 present on Abd. IV. Ventral chaetotaxy of abdomen and head as in Figs 33 and 34 , respectively. Without chaetae on thoracic sterna. Ventral tube with 6+6 apical chaetae ( Fig. 34 ), without chaetae at the base. Furca reduced to finely granulated area with 2+2 chaetae disposed in one row; female genital area with 14–18 chaetae; male genital area with about 60 microchaetae; male organ absent.

Tibiotarsi I, II and III with 18, 18 and 17 chaetae, respectively; distal whorl as usual with 9 chaetae ( Fig. 38 ). Claw without inner tooth; empodial appendage without basal lamella, slender, almost as long as the inner ridge of the claw ( Fig. 38 ).

Pseudocellar formula dorsally as 33/033/33353; ventrally 2/011/1212; each subcoxa1 usually with two pseudocelli and 6 chaetae, parapseudocelli not visible.

Taxonomic remarks. Deuteraphorura apuanica and D. pseudobosnaria have the same dorsal pseudocellar formula (33/033/33353) but differ for the ventral one that is 2/011/ 1212 in D. apuanica and 3/ 011/ 3212 in D. pseudobosnaria . Deuteraphorura defensaria ( Gisin, 1964) and D. silesiaca ( Dunger, 1977) , indeed, have the same ventral but a different dorsal formula respect to D. apuanica (32/133/ 33354 in D. defensaria ; 32/033/ 33353 in D. silesiaca ).

TABLE 10. Deuteraphorura apuanica . Chaetotaxy of the head. row Number and kind of chaeta d m0, m1, m2, m3, m4 sd m1, m2, m3, m3’, m4, m5 sd’ m1, m2, m3, m5

v m1, m2, m3, M4

ca m3, m4, m5

cm m3, m5

cb m1, m5

cp m1, m4, m6

p m1, M3, m4, m5, m 6 g 11 chaetae

m: micro-mesochaetae; M: macrochaetae.

row Thorax I Thorax II Thorax III a m2, m4, m 6 m 3, m4, m5, m6, M 7 m 3, m6, m7, m 8 m m1, M2, m3, m4, m5, M6, M 7 m 1, M2, m4, m5, m6, M7, M8 ca m 5 m 5

cp m1, m2, m4, m 6 m 1, m2, m4, m6 p M1, m2, m3, m4, M5, m6, M 8 m 1, m2, M3, m4, M5, m6, m7, M 8 m 1, m2, M3, m4, M5, m6, m7, M 8 m: micro-mesochaetae; M: macrochaetae.

TABLE 12. Deuteraphorura apuanica . Chaetotaxy of the abdominal tergites. row Abdomen I Abdomen II Abdomen III a m3, m5, m6, m 7 m 3, m4, m5, m6, m 7 m 3, m4, m5, m6, m 7 m m1, M2, m4, m6, M 7 m 1, M2, m4, M 7 m 1, M2, m4, M7 ca m1, m5, m 6 m 1, m5, m 6 m 1, m4, m5, m6 p m1, m2, m3, M4, m5, m6, M7, M 8 m 1, m2, m3, M4, m5, m6, M7, M 8 m 1, m2, m3, M4, m5, m6,M7 continued.

row Abdomen IV Abdomen V Abdomen VI a m2, m3, m6, m7

m m1, M2, m3, m4, m6, M7 M2, m3, m4, M 7 m 1 ca m0, m1, m4, m5, M 7 m 2, m3, m4

cp m4, m5, m6, M7

p m0, m1, m2, m3, M5, m6, M 7 m 1, M2, m3s’, M5 M0, m1, M2, M3, M 4 m: micro-mesochaetae; M: macrochaetae.

Deuteraphorura pseudoghidinii ( Dallai, 1969) Figs 39–46 , Tab. 13–15

Onychiurus pseudoghidinii Dallai, 1969: 234 –235

Material examined: type material consists of four specimens mounted on slides–– holotype (female) and three paratypes (1 male, 2 females), labelled as “ Onychiurus pseudoghidinii - Montecristo 13 VII 1967 leg. R. Dallai), collembolan collection, Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Siena. 3 topotypes (1 male, 2 females) in alcohol, labelled as “Montecristo, 20-III-1971, Cala maestra, vicino la casa” (leg. R. Dallai).

Redescription. Body length 1.41–1.85 mm. Body colour white in alcohol, cylindrical in shape with cuticular granulation uniformly distributed.

Length of antennal segments I, II, III and IV as 37, 58, 59 and 94 µm, respectively. Ratio antennae/head diagonal is about 0,80. Ant. IV with subapical organite and microsensillum at the base. Chaetotaxy of antennal segments I, II and III with 8, 14 and 16 chaetae respectively ( Fig. 45 ). Antennal sense organ III with five papillae, two sensory rods, two ribbed sensory clubs and 5 guard chaetae ( Fig. 43 ); microsensillum present in lateral position.

PAO with 14–16 composed tubercles ( Fig. 42 ). Labrum with 5,4,2 chaetae, labium: submentum with 4+4 chaetae, basolateral field––mentum with 5+5 chaetae ( Fig. 41 ). Maxillary palp with one basal chaeta and two sublobal hairs. Labial palp of type AB with six proximal chaetae, papillae A, B, C, D and E with 1, 4, 0, 3 and 3 guard chaetae ( Fig. 44 ).

Dorsal chaetotaxy with mesochaetae, macrochaetae and microsensilla as in Fig. 39 and Table 13–15; asymmetrical and extra chaetae frequently observed; chaetae p0 present on abdominal terga IV and VI, in addition chaeta ca0 and, sometimes, cp0 present on tergite IV. Ratio between chaetae M/s’ = 1,65 on abdominal tergum V. Ventral chaetotaxy of abdomen and head as in Figs. 40 and 41 , respectively. Furca reduced to finely granulated area with 2+2 chaetae disposed in one row. Male ventral organ of transverse row with five small thickened chaetae along anterior edge of abdomen III. Thoracic sterna without chaetae along linea ventralis. Ventral tube with 6-7 + 6-7 distal chaetae; base without chaetae.

TABLE 13. Deuteraphorura pseudoghidinii . Chaetotaxy of the head. row Number and kind of chaetae d m0, m1, m2, m3, m4 sd m1, m2, m3, m3’, m4, m5 sd’ m1, m2, m3, m5

v m1, m2, m3, M4

ca m5

cm m3, m4

cb m1, m5, m6

cp m1, m4, m6

p m2, m3, m4, m6

g 11 chaetae

m: micro-mesochaetae; M: macrochaetae.

row Thorax I Thorax II Thorax III a m2, m4, m 6 m 2, m3, m4, m5, m6, M 7 m 2, m3, m4, m5, m6, M 7 m m1, m2, m3, m4, m5, m6, M 7 m 1, m2, m3, m5, m6, M7 ca m 5 m 5

cp m1, m2, m4, m 6 m 1, m2, m4, m6 p M1, m2, m4, M5, m6, M 7 m 1, m2, M3, m4, M5, m6, M 7 m 1, m2, M3, m4, M5, m6, M 7 m: micro-mesochaetae; M: macrochaetae.

Tibiotarsi I, II and III with 18, 18 and 17 chaetae respectively, distal whorl with 9 chaetae. Claws without inner teeth; empodial appendage without basal lamella ( Fig. 46 ).

Pseudocellar formula dorsally: 32/033/33354; ventrally 3/011/2212; each subcoxae1 with 2 pseudocelli, parapseudocelli not well visible.

Taxonomic remarks. Three species of Deuteraphorura have the same dorsal formula of pseudocelli of D. pseudoghidini : D. ghidinii ( Denis, 1938) , D. handschini ( Denis, 1924) and D. hussoni ( Denis, 1935) . They, however, have a different ventral formula, D. handschini 2/011/3111; D. hussoni 2/011/2111 and D. ghidinii 2/011/2212; the latter one results as the most similar to D. pseudoghidinii differing for only one pseudocellus on the ventral side of the head. Two other species, indeed, have the same ventral but a different dorsal formula of pseudocelli: D imperfecta ( Denis, 1938) 32/133/33354 and D. insubraria ( Gisin, 1952) 32/133/33353.

TABLE 15. Deuteraphorura pseudoghidinii . Chaetotaxy of the abdominal tergites.

row Abdomen I Abdomen II Abdomen III a m3, m5, m6, m 7 m 3, m4, m5, m6, M7, M 8 m 3, m4’, m4, m5, m6, M 7 m m1, M2, m4, (m5), m6, M 7 m 1, m2, m4, m6, M7, m 8 m 1, m2, m3, m4, m5, M7 ca m1, m 5 m 1, m 5 m 1, m5 cp

p m1, m2, m3, M4,m5, m6, M7, M 8 m 1, m2, m3, M4, m5, m6, M7, M8? m1, m2, m3, M4, m5, m6, m7, M8 continued.

row Abdomen IV Abdomen V Abdomen VI a m2, m3, m4, m5, m6, m7

m m1, m2, m3, m4, m5, M 7 m 2, m3, m5, m6, M 7 m 1 ca m0, m4, m5, m 7 m 5, m6

cp m4, m5, m6, m7

p m0, m1, m2, m3, M5, m6, m7, M 8 m 1, M2, m3s’, m4s, M5, m6, M7 M0, M2, M3, M 4 m: micro-mesochaetae; M: macrochaetae.

Figures

FIGURES 14 – 24. Deuteraphorura pseudobosnaria: 14, dorsal chaetotaxy; 15, ventral chaetotaxy of the abdominal sterna; 16, ventral chaetotaxy of the head; 17, chaetotaxy of the antenna; 18, chaetotaxy of the labium (submentum); 19, labial palp with papillae A-E; 20, male genital plate; 21, antennal III sense organ, 22, postantennal organ; 23, chaetotaxy of the labrum; 24, distal part of leg III.

FIGURES 25 – 31. Deuteraphorura pseudoinsubraria: 25, dorsal chaetotaxy; 26, ventral chaetotaxy of the abdominal sterna; 27, ventral chaetotaxy of the head; 28, chaetotaxy of the antenna; 29, antennal III sense organ; 30, postantennal organ; 31, distal part of leg III.

FIGURES 32 – 38. Deuteraphorura apuanica: 32, dorsal chaetotaxy; 33, ventral chaetotaxy of the abdominal sterna; 34, ventral chaetotaxy of the head; 35, postantennal organ; 36, antennal III sense organ; 37, chaetotaxy of the antenna; 38, distal part of leg III.

FIGURES 39 – 46. Deuteraphorura pseudoghidinii: 39, dorsal chaetotaxy; 40, ventral chaetotaxy of the abdominal sterna; 41, ventral chaetotaxy of the head and labium; 42, postantennal organ; 43, antennal III sense organ; 44, labial chaetotaxy of labial palp; 45, chaetotaxy of the antenna; 46, distal part of leg III.