Dichotomius (Luederwaldtinia) laevicollis ( Felsche, 1901 )

Valois, Marcely C., Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z. & Silva, Fernando A. B., 2017, Taxonomic revision of the Dichotomius sericeus (Harold, 1867) species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae), Zootaxa 4277 (4), pp. 503-530 : 514

Dichotomius (Luederwaldtinia) laevicollis ( Felsche, 1901)

( Figs 4 a–h, 10c, 12c)

Pinotus laevicollis Felsche, 1901: 140 ; Luederwaldt, 1929: 82 (identification key and diagnosis). Dichotomius laevicollis : Vaz-de-Mello, 2000: 193 (checklist).

Material examined. Type material, Pinotus laevicollis Felsche , Lectotype ♂ (here designated; SMTD): 1. [green label, printed in black] Esp. Santo/ 2. [green label, bordered and printed in black] Coll. C. Felsche, Kauf 20, 1918/ 3. [red label, printed in black] Typus/ 4. [old white label, bordered in red, handwritten] laevicollis, Felsche, I. Brasilien/ 5. [white label, printed in black] Staatl. Museum fur Tierkunde Dresden/ 6. [red label, bordered and printed in black, handwritten] Lectotype ♂, Pinotus laevicollis Fels. , des. F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 2014.

Paralectotype 1 ♂ (SMTD): 1. [green label, printed in black] Esp. Santo/ 2. [green label, bordered and printed in black] Coll. C. Felsche, Kauf 20, 1918/ 3. [yellow label, bordered and printed in black, handwritten] Paralectotype ♂, Pinotus laevicollis Fels. , des. F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 2014.

Paralectotypes 5 ♀ (SMTD): 1. [green label, printed in black] Esp. Santo/ 2. [green label, bordered and printed in black] Coll. C. Felsche, Kauf 20, 1918/ 3. [yellow label, bordered and printed in black, handwritten] Paralectotype ♀, Pinotus laevicollis Fels. , des. F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 2014.

Non-type material [120 males and 92 females]. BRAZIL: BAHIA: Porto Seguro, RPPN Veracel , (39°06'58.1"W; 16°22'25.8"S), XI.2004, J.N.C. Louzada — 1♂ 1♀ ( CEMT) , same data but V.2012, Audino et al. — 4♂ 1♀ ( CEMT) ; Ilhéus , [39°02'24.1"W; 14°47'07.0"S], XI.1995, C. Sperber — 1♂ ( CEMT) . ESPÍRITO SANTO: Anchieta , (40°36'58"W; 20°48'16"S), X. 2010, M. F. Souza — 13♂ 14♀ ( CEMT) ; Marechal Floriano , [40°40'13.3"W; 20°24'53.9"S], I. 2003, Lourdes Dias — 7♂ 11♀ ( CEMT) ; Vargem Alta , [40°59'39.1"W; 20°37'51.2"S], IX.1995, Louzada & Louzada — 3♂ 2♀ ( CEMT) , same data but J.N.C. Louzada — 79♂ 47♀ ( CEMT) . MINAS GERAIS: Barão dos Cocais, Vale Mineração , (43°33'51"W; 19°57'17"S), XI.2011, R.N. Mota — 3♀ ( CEMT) ; Diamantina, Campus UFVJM [Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri ], [43°36'28.5"W; 18°14'32.6"S], XII.2005, S. L. Assis Junior — 1♂ 2♀ ( CEMT) ; Itabira , Mina Conceição , [43°15'09.6"W, 19°39'32.5"S], VI.2011, A. F. Murta — 1♂ ( CEMT) ; Maripá de minas, [42°57'18.1"W; 21°41'53.2"S], XI.2009, M.M. Modesto — 1♂ 3♀ ( CEMT) ; Marliéria, Parque Estadual do Rio Doce , [42°44'12.1"W; 19°42'33.4"S], IX.2000, S. P. Ribeiro — 1♂ ( CEMT) , same data but 1992, J.N.C. Louzada — 2♂ 2♀ ( CEMT) , same data but II.1993, J.N.C. Louzada — 2♂ 4♀ ( CEMT) ; Ipatinga , [42°36'36.7"W; 19°24'57.9"S], XI.1992, E. Grossi — 2♂ ( CEMT) ; Recreio , [42°28'05.4"W; 21°31'37.3"S], I.2000, Lopes-Andreta — 1♂ 2♀ ( CEMT) , same data but Vaz-de-Mello & Lopes-Andreta — 1♂ ( CEMT) .

Diagnosis. Dichotomius laevicollis is similar to D. sericeus and D. iannuzziae sp. nov. in having the disc of pronotum only with sparse simple punctures, visible at high magnification ( Figs 2 d, 4d, 8d). However, it can be distinguished from D. sericeus by the lateral margin of the pronotum presenting a row of ocellate punctures on anterior half ( Fig. 4 e). It can be distinguished from D. iannuzziae sp. nov. by: body length 11 to 12 mm; posterior portion of pronotum with rounded ocellate punctures; meso and metafemur with longitudinal sulcus extending the entire length of the posterior margin; sulcus approximately one-seventh as wide as the femur (as in Fig. 11 d, arrows).

Redescription. Length: 11–12 mm. Body brown to black, shiny ( Fig. 4 a). Head: clypeal and genal surface with shallow ocellate punctures ( Fig. 4 b). Dorsal interocular surface with large and dense ocellate punctures ( Fig. 4 b). Clypeofrontal suture with central and conical horn; area between horn and posterior margin of head slightly depressed ( Fig. 4 b). Pronotum: slightly convex in lateral view. Anterior and posterior margins with band of ocellate punctures, frequently a single row. Posterior margin with weakly-defined punctures over the margination. Hypomera: anterior and posterior portion with ocellate and setigerous punctures. Punctures of posterior portion round or strongly elliptical. Lateral margin with a row of setae, visible in dorsal view. Metasternum: disc smooth; anterior lobe with setigerous punctures; punctures separated from each other by twice their diameter and forming a row near the inner margin of the mesocoxa. Lateral portion of metasternum with setigerous punctures, setae long; punctures separated from each other by approximately twice their diameter. Elytra: surface of interstriae convex, shiny and punctate, punctures noticeable at high magnification. Elytral striae well-marked. Foveiform punctures of elytral striae deep. Legs: ventral surface of profemur with large, elongated and setigerous punctures along the midline. Anterior and posterior margin of profemur finely sulcated, with sulcus surface presenting well-defined microsculpture. Ventral surface of mesofemur with setigerous punctures on apical half. Row of setae toward the body on ventral surface of mesotibia extending the entire length of the tibia (as in Fig. 11 e). Ventral surface of metafemur with setigerous punctures on apical third. Abdomen: medial portion of sternites shiny or with a single row of punctures on anterior margin; lateral portion with rounded and dense ocellate punctures on anterior half. Male medial portion of sixth sternite half as long as the fifth. Pygidium: slightly wider than long. Disc smooth, ocellate punctures restricted at the margins. Aedeagus: parameres subtriangular, 2/3 as long as the phallobase ( Figs 4 f–h). [lateral view] — dorsal and ventral margins of parameres gradually narrowed to the apex; dorsal margin of parameres slightly curved outward on apical half ( Fig. 4 f). Ventral margin of parameres slightly curved inward on apical two-thirds ( Fig. 4 f). [ventral view] — inner margins of parameres curved outward ( Fig. 4 g). [dorsal view] — basal portion of parameres wider than apical portion ( Fig. 4 h). External margins of parameres not expanded toward apex ( Fig. 4 h). Inner margins of parameres parallel ( Fig. 4 h). Endophallus: lamella copulatrix — Projection squareshaped; superior portion slightly curved outward and narrowed medially; lateral portion straight ( Fig. 10 c). Secondary sexual characters: females differ from males as follows: anterior portion of clypeal surface with transversal ridges ( Fig. 4 c); clypeal teeth more acute; medial portion of sixth sternite as long as the fifth.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Dichotomius sericeus (Harold, 1867). a— body, dorsal view; b— head, male; c— head, female; d— pronotum; epronotum detail (lateral margin, arrow). Aedeagus. f— lateral view; g— ventral view; h— dorsal view.

FIGURE 4. Dichotomius laevicollis (Felsche, 1901). a— body, dorsal view (fovea on posterolateral portion of pronotum, arrows); b— head, male; c— head, female; d— pronotum (rounded ocellate punctures closer to posterior margin, arrow); epronotum detail (lateral margin, arrow). Aedeagus. f— lateral view; g— ventral view; h— dorsal view.

FIGURE 10. Lamella copulatrix. a— Dichotomius sericeus (Harold, 1867); b— D. irinus (Harold, 1867); c— D. laevicollis (Felsche, 1901); d— D. schiffleri Vaz-de-Mello, Gavino & Louzada, 2001; e— Dichotomius guaribensis sp. nov.; f— Dichotomius gilletti sp. nov.; g— Dichotomius iannuzziae sp. nov.; h— Dichotomius catimbau sp. nov. Scale bar 0,5 mm.

FIGURE 11. External morphology of D. sericeus species group. a— Dichotomius sericeus (Harold, 1867), body, lateral view; b— D. schiffleri Vaz-de-Mello, Gavino & Louzada, 2001, body, lateral view; c— D. sericeus, detail of posterior margin of meso and metafemur, arrows; d— D. schiffleri, detail of posterior margin of meso and metafemur, arrows; e— D. sericeus, mesotibia, ventral view (row of setae toward the body, red arrow); f— D. irinus, mesotibia, ventral view (row of setae toward the body, red arrow); g— D. irinus, pygidium; h— D. sericeus, pygidium.