Diguetinus raptator Roewer, 1912

Cokendolpher, James C., Lucio-Palacio, Cesar Raziel & Staręga, Wojciech, 2021, Redescription and Natural History of the Mexican harvestman Diguetinus raptator Roewer, 1912 (Opiliones: Globipedidae), type species of the genus, Zootaxa 4984 (1), pp. 119-133 : 121-128

Diguetinus raptator Roewer, 1912

Figs 1–9

Diguetinus raptator Roewer 1912: 271–273 , pl. 1; 1923: 863, fig. 1030. Bronn 1932: 7. Di Caporiacco, 1938: 280. Goodnight & Goodnight 1942: 15. Roewer 1956: 252. Weidner 1959: 121. Crawford 1992: 17. Cokendolpher & Lee 1993: 16. Kury & Cokendolpher 2000: 150–151, 153; 2020: 52–54.

Diagnosis. Because the genus is monotypic, the diagnosis is currently the same as given above for the genus.

Type material. Syntypes from Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico (leg. L. Diguet 1897); no lectotype designation seems needed because of the uniformity of the specimens lodged in several national museums. Roewer (1912: 273) cited 8 syntypes at MNHN [Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris] and 1 syntype at Museum Brüssel and then later Roewer (1923: 863) mentioned a “cotype” (syntype) from the MNHN series then at SMF [Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt], while Weidner (1959: 121) cited 2 or more syntypes “aus Coll. Roewer” at ZIZM [Zoologisches Institut und Zoologisches Museum, Hamburg; now: CeNak]. Presumably, Roewer moved part of the specimens from the MNHN to other museums.

Material examined (by both JCC & WS). Mexico, Jalisco, Guadalajara , 1 male, 1 female, L. Diguet leg. 1897, syntypes, “ Diguetinus raptator Rwr ,” “ C. Fr. Roewer ded. 14.8.1915 ” SMF RI/88/623 + slide 16088 + types 2 males, 3 females no. R I/623 and specimens from Zoologisches Museum Hamburg ( ZIZM). Records on the exact number and sexes of the ZIZM collections are either lost or in currently inaccessible paper correspondences.

The pair of specimens upon which the new descriptions and illustrations were obtained are from examinations of Diguetinus raptator collected in Valle de Guadalupe, Jalisco (E. S. Ross, 20.11.1948, CAS). This collection was from a locality about 100 km from the type locality ( Fig. 1 ).

Description. Body thick, leathery, and with granulated cuticle. Male and female reddish-black in color with yellowish-white, small tubercles/spines on abdomen; tarsi and metatarsi of legs gradually lightened to a yellowishbrown. Some black patterning on dorsum and legs.

Cephalothorax ( Fig. 2 ) small compared to enlarged abdomen, especially in females. Preocular area of cephalothorax medially with only a small, gradually raised, area covered with smaller denticles, mostly on anterior edge; without trident or conspicuous large spines/tubercles. Ocularium low, small, essentially round in dorsal view; as wide as long and about half that distance in height, about its length from the anterior margin of the cephalothorax; with a median longitudinal furrow; dorsally both sexes with 4–5 small denticles over each eye. Ozopores slightly elongated along the edges of cephalothorax, situated near the bases of legs I, clearly visible from above, not occluded by spines or other ornamentation; with two dark shallow depressions; towards the center appearing white in material preserved in alcohol. Supracheliceral lamellae short and smooth, not visible in dorsal view.

Chelicerae ( Fig. 4 ) basically not sexually dimorphic, dark reddish-brown with amber colored teeth with black tips; basicheliceriae ventrally with a short, smooth bump or hook, only few very short granules serving as bases to setae on distal end of anterior portion of hand.

Pedipalps ( Fig. 5 ) not sexually dimorphic, except palpal tarsus ventromedially bears a row (or a belt) of denticles in males, but not females, nor juveniles; not significantly inflated; clamp-type; no apophysis of any sort on any segment from any age group; hairs and spines on tibiae and tarsus are very thickly spaced; claws smooth, rarely with one to few small rounded processes ( Fig. 3E ) not pectinate.

Leg coxae with evenly distributed small rounded tubercles ( Fig. 7B ), without marginal rows of denticles, coxae II without distally blunt lobes. Endites have few small tubercles with setae on ventral surface [ Fig. 7A with male = 12 tubercles: female = 6]. Legs not especially elongate, sexually dimorphic, legs I and III in males ( Figs 7A–B ) very stout and heavily armed, basically cylindrical, with rows of spines or setae on the edges; metatarsus I long and curved. All leg tibiae round in cross-section; with two accessory spiracles, one near the proximal and one near the apical end; tibiae II with two pseudosegments on each side, metatarsus I enlarged at basal end, with 13–15 denticles ventrally. No pseudoarticular nodules on any femora.

Abdomen arched (less so in males, Figs 2B, E ); tergites with numerous smaller denticles on each transverse row; abdominal spiracles of second abdominal somite with occluding entapophysis ( Šilhavý 1970: fig. 11) without a grill or lattice. No lateral abdominal sclerites.Anal operculum without white spot. Genital operculum covered with setae, without any tubercles ( Figs 2A–B ). Sternites smooth, no tubercles.

Penis ( Fig. 6 ) truncus sclerotized, slender and lanceolate throughout most of length with large, subterminal, lateral alae or “winglets” that are curved ventrally. Winglets with darkly colored, “reticulated,” surface that extends across entire winglet to edge; unable to determine in older preserved material if surface appearing “reticulated” is expandible into a sac or bulb. Tendon long, inserted ventrally, at base of glans. Muscle fills about basal half-length of truncus. Ventrolateral edges of truncus with row of single, small, thin spines (these structures appear to be outgrowths of the truncus and do not appear to have sockets at their bases) with tiny, subterminal, roughened region ( Fig. 6F ). Glans probably immovable, slightly bent in relation to the axis of the shaft; stylus movable, very broad but with thin ending making a full loop. With two pairs of small, lateral, sensory bristles in the distal 1/3 (can be small and easily overlooked). Stylus: irregularly spindled and thickened at base, coiled, inserted dorso-apically to glans, movable, ventrally rugose (or wrinkled) appearance.

Ovipositor ( Fig. 7E ) in retracted position within pregenital chamber ( Wijnhoven 2013); many-segmented, cuticle ornamented with many distally-aimed, fine cuticular points ( Fig. 7C ); ending in a 3-segmented furca, with one large terminal sensorium on each distolateral end; 3-slit sensilla on anteriocental portion on each side of segment II of furca. Paired seminal receptacles found in ovipositor segments 1–3 from the base of the furca ( Figs 7D–F ).

Measurements (in mm). Data presented in the format of one specimen, one museum, followed by second specimen and its museum acronym (*widths measured at mid-point, lateral view, large spines not included). SMF specimens are syntypes.

Males: Guadalajara, SMF 623, largest- (Valle de Guadalupe, CAS) Body length/greatest width/greatest height=11.82/7.32/5.20 (10.82/6.63/5.38). Genital operculum length 4.0, width at neck 1.20, width at base 2.32 (3.60, 1.22, 2.44). Penis length = 5.01 (5.64.). Ocularium length/width/height = 0.92/0.78/0.36 (0.72/0.80/0.28). Leg femora I-IV lengths/widths*, respectively: 6.00/1.36, 10.60/0.54, 5.60/1.64, 10.08/0.81 (4.82/1.18, 9.31/0.51, 5.18/1.48, 8.31/0.78). Leg tibiae I-IV lengths/widths, respectively*: 6.00/1.57, 8.58/0.60, 5.60/1.60, 6.32/0.80 (5.72/1.50, 7.99/0.58, 5.44/1.40, 5.75/0.80). Leg pseudosegments = tibiae II=2–?; tarsus IV=2–2; all others 0/0 (2/2, 3/4, 0/0). Leg nodes = 0 (0). Pedipalp lengths/widths = femur 1.84/0.82, patella 1.47/0.80, tibia 1.60/0.82, tarsus 2.93/0.50 (1.77/0.80, 1.45/0.80, 1.50/0.80, 2.61/0.38); no apophysis on any segment 0 (0); claws smooth except for small teeth basally 2 (0).

Females: Guadalajara, SMF 623- (Valle de Guadalupe, CAS) Body length/greatest width/greatest height =10.0/6.64/5.02 (12.18/6.97/6.48). Genital operculum length 2.64, width at neck 1.28, width at base 2.08 (2.32, 1.38, 1.26). Ocularium length/width/height = 0.62/ 0.65/ 0.36 (0.58/0.62/0.37) from front of cephalothorax. Leg femora I-IV lengths/widths*, respectively:?/?, 0.62/0.42, 5.12/0.7, 7.50/0.61 (4.83/0.63, 8.57/0.42, 4.39/0.60,7.69/0.59). Leg tibiae I-IV lengths/widths, respectively*:?/?, 7.50/0.58, 3.88/0.80, 5.30/0.70 (4.02/0.82, 7.15/0.47, 3.65/0.80, 4.79/0.62). Leg pseudosegments = tibiae I=?–?, II=2–?, tarsus I=?/?, IV=4/4, all others 0/0,? missing (?/?, 2/2,?/?, 3/4, 0/0). Leg nodes = 0 (0). Pedipalp lengths/widths= femur 1.46/0.91, patella 1.08/0.60, tibia 1.26/0.60, tarsus 2.5/0.39 (1.44/0.60, 1.09/0.58, 1.21/0.58, 1.37/0.37), no apophysis on any segment, claw smooth except III and IV each have one, small, rounded tooth. Ovipositor with?/? (3/3) slit sensilla per side.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Mapped records of Diguetinus raptator in Mexico from two biogeographic regions: southern Mexican Plateau (pinkish-salmon color) and western and central Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (lavender). Records included from iNaturalist, taxonomic localities (type locality and place where specimens used for the redescribed were collected), and the three locations where natural history observations were made.

FIGURES 2A–F. Diguetinus raptator from Valle de Guadalupe, Jalisco, Mexico (E. Ross, 20.11.1948, California Academy of Sciences) (A–C male, D–F female). A, D Ventral. B, E Right lateral. C, F Dorsal. Scale line: 5 mm.

FIGURES 3A–G. Diguetinus raptator, males (A–E from Valle de Guadalupe, Jalisco, Mexico [E. Ross, 20.11.1948, California Academy of Sciences], F syntype at Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt, G syntype at Zoologisches Museum, Hamburg). A Prolateral view of leg I. B Prolateral view of leg III. C Leg I claw. D Leg III claw. E Pedipalp claw. F Left lateral view from Bronn (1932: 7, fig. 9B). G Left lateral view (photograph by P. Jäger); see text for comments on arrows. Scale lines A, B: 2 mm, C–E: 0.3 mm; F–G: not to scale.

FIGURES 4A–F. Diguetinus raptator from Valle de Guadalupe, Jalisco, Mexico (E. Ross, 20.11.1948, California Academy of Sciences), chelicerae (A–C male, D–F female). A, C, F Mesal. B Anterior aspect with small ridges across subdistal third. D Mesal aspect, dorsally with rugose area on slightly less than basal half, with few small ridges more basal than area of rugosity. E Anterior. Scale line: 1 mm.

FIGURES 5A–D. Diguetinus raptator from Valle de Guadalupe, Jalisco, Mexico (E. Ross, 20.11.1948, California Academy of Sciences), pedipalps (A, B male, C, D female). A, C Lateral. B, D Mesal. Scale line: 1 mm.

FIGURES 6A–G. Diguetinus raptator, penes (A, C, G entire penis of syntype from Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico [Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt]; B, D–F enlargement of terminal end of penis from Valle de Guadalupe, Jalisco, Mexico [E. Ross, 20.11.1948, California Academy of Sciences]). A, B Dorsal. C, D Lateral. E, G Ventral. F Enlargement of tiny spine from dor- solateral portion of truncus. Scale lines A, C, G: 1 mm; B, D, E: 0.30 mm; F: 0.02 mm.

FIGURES 7A–F. Diguetinus raptator from Valle de Guadalupe, Jalisco, Mexico (E. Ross, 20.11.1948, California Academy of Sciences).A, B Left coxae II endites, anterior is up in drawings (top: male, bottom: female). B Close-up of rounded tubercles on a medium potion of male coxa II (setae and tubercles facing proximally/ventrally). C Pregenital chamber, not expanded, points aiming distally. D Female internal genitalia, half of one side. E Ovipositor, distal end, 3-segmented furca, with one large terminal sensorium on each distal end; 3-slit sensilla on anteriocental on each side of segment two furca. F Seminal receptacles opposite to D. Scale lines: A: 1 mm; B, C (diameter of circles): 0.5 mm; D, F: 0.1 mm; E: 0.25 mm.

FIGURES 8A–C. Diguetinus sp. cf. raptator showing variations in coloration and proportions (A, C adult males; B adult female). A iNaturalist observation/60316105, Morelia, Michoacán, México, 20.9.2020, 10:03 PM CDT, © Juan Carlos Pérez Magaña. B iNaturalist observation/60694990: Corregidora, Querétaro, México, 13.9.2020, © Diana Stephanie Angeles Cruz. C iNaturalist observation/16833921: Col Félix Ireta, Michoacán, México, 16.9.2018, 9:52 PM CDT, © Ricardo Arredondo T.

FIGURES 9A–D. Diguetinus sp. cf. raptator showing variations in coloration and proportions (A, B, C, D adult females; C probably a juvenile [smaller size, coloration, time of year observed]. A iNaturalist observations/4265767: San Juan del Río, Querétaro, Mexico, 25.9.2016, 11:26 AM CDT, © manuelbasurto / Olimpo jm, female on flower with antenniform legs outstreched sensing environment. B Female on road, feeding on dead grasshopper, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, North Campus, Aguascalientes, Mexico, 14.11.2016, 5:44, © Cesar Raziel Lucio-Palacio. C iNaturalist observation/53421512: Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro, México, 16.7.2020, 1:33 PM CDT, © Felic Fleck. D iNaturalist observation/61693173: Co- lonia Félix Ireta, Michoacán, México, 27.9.2020, 12:24 AM CDT, © Ricardo Arredondo T.