Dixella neozelandica, Tonnoir, 1924

Greenwalt, D, 2016, The first fossil New World Dixidae with a critical discussion of generic definitions, Palaeontologia Electronica 19 (3), pp. 1-32 : 27-30

Dixella neozelandica

Dixella nixiae

Dixella obscura

WRBU

WRBU

WRBU

WRBU

WRBU

WRBU

Takahashi, 1958

WRBU

Theobald, 1937

Takahashi, 1958

WRBU

Takahashi, 1958

Wagner et al., 1991/1992

WRBU

Disney, 1975

Wagner et al., 1991/1992

WRBU

WRBU

Peters, 1992

WRBU

This study

WRBU

Hennig, 1966

This study

Chaverri and Borkent, 2007

Disney, 1975

Hennig, 1966

Taber, 2010

Wagner et al., 1991/1992

WRBU

Wagner et al., 1991/1992

Chaverri and Borkent, 2007

Chaverri and Borkent, 2007

Peters and Cook, 1966

This study

Wagner et al., 1991/1992

Chaverri and Borkent, 2007

Peus, 1936

WRBU

Chaverri and Borkent, 2007

Chaverri and Borkent, 2007

WRBU

Belkin, 1968

Peters, 1980

WRBU

APPENDIX 2. Character states used in the analysis of fossil and extant dixid wing venation.

1. Vein Sc apex relative to the origin of Rs: basal [>2X vein width] (0); subbasal [<2X vein width] (1); even (2); subapical [<2X vein width] (3); apical [>2X vein width] (4).

2. Crossvein r-m origin relative to the bifurcation of Rs: basal (0); subbasal [<2X vein width] (1); even (2); subapical [<2X vein width] (3); apical (4).

3. Crossvein m-cu origin relative to the terminus of r-m: basal (0); subbasal [<2X vein width] (1); even (2); subapical [<2X vein width] (3); apical (4).

4. Vein A 1 terminus relative to the origin of Rs: basal (0); subbasal [<2X vein width] (1); even (2); subapical [<2X vein width] (3); apical (4).

5. Vein A 1 terminus relative to Sc terminus: basal (0); subasal [<2X vein width] (1); even with (2); subapical [<2X vein width] (3); apical (4).

6. Vein A 1 terminus relative to the bifurcation of Cu: basal (0); subbasal [<2X vein width] (1); even (2); subapical [<2X vein width] (3); apical (4).

7. Vein R 2+3: branched (0); unbranched (1).

8. R 2+3 curvature: straight or very slightly arched (0); strongly arched (1).

9. Vein R 2+3 branch relative to the bifurcation of M: basal (0); subbasal [<2X vein width] basal (1); even (2); subapical [<2X vein width] (3); apical (4).

10. Vein R 1: fused to C far basal (near 3/4 wing length) of wing apex (0); closer to C than R 2 and fused near wing apex (1); equidistant to C and R 2 and fused near wing apex (2).

11. Vein R 2: not fused with R 1 (0); fused with R 1 (1).

12. Rs: straight (0); sigmoidal (1).

13. Wing length/width: <2.5(0); 2.5 – 3 (1);>3 <4 (2)>4 (3).

APPENDIX 3. Morphological data matrix ( Dixidae wing and venation characters only).

Taxon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Dixa aliciae 2 1 2 2 2 0 0 1 4 1 0 0 -