Emmenomma obscurum Simon

Lina, Almeida-Silva, Charles, Griswold & Antonio, Brescovit, 2015, Revision of Emmenomma Simon (Amaurobiidae, Macrobuninae), Zootaxa 3931 (3), pp. 387-400 : 396-399

Emmenomma obscurum Simon sp. reval. new rank

Figs. 8 ; 10A, D, G; 11.

Emmenomma oculatum obscurum Simon, 1905: 14 (Two female syntypes from Monte Buenos Aires, F. Silvestri coll., deposited in MNHN AR315, only one examined); Roth, 1967: 317 (Syn. with E. oculatum ).

Synonymy. Simon designated two syntypes for E. o. obscurum that he described as juveniles. Roth (1967) followed Simon’s designation without examining the specimens, since he mention that the specimens are “probably deposited in the MNHN”. During the visit to the MNHN the first author noticed that there were two vials labeled as E. o. obscurum , both with the number 315, but one of them was empty. The syntype found was examined and allowed us to confirm that it is a mature female not conspecific with Emmenomma oculatum according to its epigynal and vulval morphology. Therefore here we remove E. o. obscurum from synonymy with Emmenomma oculatum and raise it to species level.

Note. The type locality listed by Simon, “Monte Buenos Aires” is most probably Cerro Buenos Aires (50°24'S, 72°59'W) in Santa Cruz, Argentina (M. Ramírez, pers. comm.).

Diagnosis. Emmenomma obscurum differs from E. oculatum and E. joshuabelli sp. nov. by the sub triangular shape of middle-field plate in the female epigynum ( Fig. 8 A).

Description. Male. Unknown.

Female (holotype). Total length 6.32. Carapace piriform, length 3.04, width 1.96, height 0.84. Fovea long and shallow. Anterior eye row straight, posterior eye row recurved. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.06; ALE 0.22; PME 0.13; PLE 0.13; AME–AME 0.10; AME–ALE 0.11; ALE–PLE 0.42; AME–PME 0.35; PME–PLE 0.28; PME–PME 0.14. Coloration ( Fig. 10 G): Carapace pale brown, uniform; endites, labium and sternum brown; chelicerae brown; legs brown with faint dark rings on the ventral face of the femur; abdomen yellowish brown with pale paired spots along the dorsal line, ventral weakly pigmented. Clypeus 0.34 high. Clypeal hood present ( Fig. 10 A). Chelicerae geniculate ( Fig. 10 D), fang 0.52; paturon 0.83; retromargin with four denticles and four teeth. Labium: 0.34 long, 0.41 wide, not rebordered. Leg measurements. I: femur 2.28/ patella 0.97/ tibia 2.22/ metatarsus 1.88/ tarsus 1.00/ total 8.34; II: 2.20/ 1.00/ 2.00/ 2.41/ 0.94/ 8.55; III: 2.00/ 0.92/ 1.86/ 2.18/ 0.98/ 7.94; IV: 2.53/ 1.00/ 2.50/ 3.03/ 1.29/ 10.34. Leg formula: 4213. Right legs and palp spination: femur: I: d 0-2(1r- 1m)-3; II to IV: d 0-3-3; patella: III and IV: d 0-1; tibia: I: v 2-2 -0-0; II: v 2-2 -0-1p, r 0-0-1-0, p 1-1-1-0; III: v 2-2 -2ap; IV: v 1 p-1p- 1r-2ap; III and IV: r 1d-1d-1d, d 1r-0-1, p 1d-1d-1d; metatarsus: I: v 2-1 -1pap, r 0-1-0-1- 1v, p 1-0-1-1d; II: r 1-1-1, p 1-1-1, d 0-1p-2; III: v 1 r-2-1map, r 1-1-1, d 1p-1p-2, p 1-1-1; IV: v 2-2 -1map, r 1sap, d 1p-2-2, p 1-1-1sap. Epigynum middle-field a fused sub triangular plate ( Fig. 8 A) and projecting dorsally in posterior view ( Fig. 8 C). LL each with a very pointed tooth ( Fig. 8 A). Vulva with CD straight and S globose, with a projection on the internal posterior side ( Fig. 8 B).

Variation. Unknown.

Additional material examined. None.

Emmenomma joshuabelli sp. nov. Figs. 9 ; 10B–C, E–F, H; 11.

Type-material. Holotype male paratype female from Tierra del Fuego, Mission du Cap Horn, Baie Orange (55°30'51.01"S; 68°5'13.90"W), Canal du Beagle, 1882–1883, deposited in MNHN jar 1933. Paratypes: two females ( MNHN); one male and female ( IBSP 166058) all with same data as holotype.

Note. Specimens of E. joshuabelli where found in a vial that included all non-type specimens of Emmenomma collected during the Mission du Cap Horn at Orange bay.

Etymology. The specific epithet is a noun in apposition honoring the violinist Joshua Bell.

Diagnosis. Females of Emmenomma joshuabelli sp. nov. differ from E. oculatum and E. obscurum by the subrectangular epigynum middle-field ( Fig. 9 D) with a sinuous posterior border of the MF ( Figs. 9 D–F) and by the wide tooth of the LL ( Fig. 9 D). Males of E. josuabelli sp. nov. differ from E. oculatum by the presence of a cymbial apophysis ( Figs. 9 A–B), by the extra branch on DTA retrolaterally pointed and by the rounded TA ( Figs. 9 A, C).

Description. Male (holotype). Total length 5.69. Carapace piriform, length 2.69, width 1.80, height 1.00. Fovea long and shallow. Anterior eye row straight, posterior recurved. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.03; ALE 0.19; PME 0.11; PLE 0.15; AME–AME 0.11; AME–ALE 0.12; ALE–PLE 0.35; AME–PME 0.32; PME–PLE 0.22; PME–PME 0.15. Coloration: Carapace dark brown with a pale area that starts behind the PME and goes towards the fovea where it narrows to 1/3 of its width; chelicerae, endites, labium and sternum dark reddish brown; legs brown with dark brown spots; abdomen dark brown with oblique yellow lines starting at the dorsum median line and going towards the sides. Clypeus 0.30 high. Clypeal hood present ( Fig. 10 B). Chelicerae: fang 0.42; paturon 0.83. Chelicerae not geniculate ( Fig. 10 E). Retromargin with three denticles and three or four teeth. Chilum absent. Labium 0.24 long, 0.34 wide. Leg measurements. I: femur 1.75/ patella 0.78/ tibia 1.72/ metatarsus 1.42/ tarsus 0.90/ total 6.57; II: 1.70/ 0.80/ 1.54/ 1.58/ 0.82/ 6.44; III: 1.66/ 0.78/ 1.43/ 1.74/ 0.77/ 6.37; IV 2.16/ 0.83/ 1.88/ 2.18/ 1.00/ 8.04. Leg formula: 4123. Left legs spination: femur: I: d 0-1-3; II: d 0-2-3; III: d 0- 2-3; IV: d 0-2-0; patella: III and IV: d 0-1; tibia: I: v 2-2 -2ap, r 0-1, p 0-1-0-1-0, II: v 2-2 -2ap, p 0-1-0-1; III: v 2-1 p- 2ap, r 0-1-0-1-0, d 1r-0-0-1-0, p 0-1-0-1-0; IV: r 0-1-0-1-0, d 1r-0-0-1-0, p 0-1-0-1-0; metatarsus: I: v 2-2 -1map, r 1sap, p 1-0-1-2; II: v 2-2 -1map, r 1-1-0, p 1-1-0, d 0-1m-2; III: v 2-2 -1map, r 1sap, p 1sap, d 2(1r-1p)-3(1r-1m-1p)- 2; IV: d 2(1r-1p)-3(1r-1m-1p)-2. Palp: cymbium triangular, with a proximal, knob-like, median, dorsal apophysis ( Figs. 9 A–B). E short, arising at the prolateral side ( Fig. 9 C). MA bifid with a triangular basal lobe and a rectangular apical lobe, distally curved to the prolateral side ( Figs. 9 A, C). DTP membranous, subrectangular ( Fig. 9 C). TA rounded ( Fig. 9 C). PTA and VTA as in generic description ( Figs. 9 A, C).

Female (paratype, MNHN). Total length 6.44. Carapace piriform, length 2.81, width 1.90, height 1.10. Fovea and eye rows as in male. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.06; ALE 0.20; PME 0.11; PLE 0.16; AME–AME 0.11; AME–ALE 0.12; ALE–PLE 0.41; AME–PME 0.35; PME–PLE 0.25; PME–PME 0.15. Coloration ( Fig. 10 H) as in male. Clypeus 0.31 high. Clypeal hood present ( Fig. 10 C). Chelicerae not geniculate ( Fig. 10 F), fang 0.50; paturon 0.90. Retromargin with three denticles and three teeth. Chilum absent. Labium 0.27 long, 0.35 wide. Leg measurements. I: femur 1.80/ patella 0.88/ tibia 1.60/ metatarsus 2.25/ tarsus 0.73/ total 7.26; II: 1.75/ 0.80/ 1.41/ 1.50/ 0.72/ 6.18; III: 1.73/ 0.82/ 1.40/ 1.63/ 0.70/ 6.28; IV: 2.25/ 0.90/ 2.00/ 2.34/ 0.88/ 8.37. Leg formula 4132. Left legs spination: femur: I: d 0-1-3; II to IV: d 0-2-3; patella: III and IV: d 0-1; tibia: I and II: v 2-2 -0-0, r 0-0-1-0; I: p 1-1-0-1; II: p 0-1-0-1-0; III: v 0-1p-2ap; IV: v 1 p-1p-2ap; III and IV: r 1-1, p 1-1, d 1r- 0- 1m; metatarsus: I: v 2-2 -1map, r 0-1-1, p 0-1-2; II: v 2-2 -1map, r 0-1-2sap, p 1-1-2sap, d 0-0-2sap; III and IV: v 2- 2 -1map, r 0-1-1sap, p 0- 1 v-1vsap, d 2-1p-2sap. Epigynum projected to posterior as a pentagonal plate with a prolongation on dorsal end and posterior border sinuous in dorsal view ( Fig. 9 D, F). S mushroom-shaped ( Fig. 9 E).

Variation. Length (3♀): Total: 5.93–6.24; Carapace: 2.50–2.81; Femur I: 1.65–1.96. Length (2♂): Total: 4.95–5.69; Carapace: 2.20–2.69; Femur I: 1.50–1.75.

Additional material examined. None.

Figures

FIGURE 8. Emmenomma obscurum, ♀ genitalia. A. Epigynum ventral view; B. Vulva dorsal view; C. Epigynum posterior view. Abbrev.: CD—copulatory ducts; ET—epigynum teeth; FD—fertilization ducts; LL—lateral lobes; MF—epigynum middle-field; S—spermathecae.

FIGURE 9. Emmenomma joshuabelli sp. nov. A – C. ♂, left palp: A. Retrolateral view; B. Dorsal view; C. Ventral view; D – F. ♀ genitalia: D. Epigynum ventral view; E. Vulva dorsal view. F. Epigynum posterior view. Abbrev.: CD—copulatory ducts; DTA—dorsal tibial apophysis; DTP—distal tegular process; E—embolus; ET—epigynum teeth; FD—fertilization ducts; iRTA—internal branch of the retrolateral tibial apophysis; LL—lateral lobes; MA—median apophysis; MF—epigynum middle-field; PTA—prolateral tibial apophysis; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis; S—spermathecae; ST—subtegulum; TA—tegular apophysis TR—tegular rim; VTA—ventral tibial apophysis.

FIGURE 10. Emmenomma obscurum and E. joshuabelli sp. nov. A, D, G—E. obscurum, ♀; B, E, H—E. joshuabelli, ♀; C, F—E. joshuabelli, ♂. A – C. Carapace frontal view showing clypeal hood. D – F. Chelicerae ectal view; G – H. Habitus, dorsal view.