Epiphragma (Epiphragma) kempi Brunetti, 1913

Kato, Daichi, Nakamura, Takeyuki & Tachi, Takuji, 2020, Taxonomic study of the genus Epiphragma of Japan (Diptera: Limoniidae), Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 60 (2), pp. 449-461 : 453-455

Epiphragma (Epiphragma) kempi Brunetti, 1913

( Figs 15–22 , 46 )

Epiphragma kempi Brunetti, 1913: 155 . Type locality: India, Assam, between Kalek and Misshing.

Epiphragma kempi: EĐ wΑ*R Đ S (1913: 204).

Epiphragma (Epiphragma) kempi : Oο SΤΕ*R*ô*R οΕk (2019).

Non-type material examined. JAPAN: NΑΝ SEI I SLΑΝDS: AΜΑΜI I SLΑΝD S: 2 ♀♀, Kagoshima, Amami Island, Setouchi-chô, Mt. Yui-dake ( MT), 10.viii.2004, H.Makihara ( SIHU); 1♁, Kagoshima,Amami Island, Setouchi-chô,Mt. Eboshi-dake, 3.x.2013,D.Kato ( BLKU); 1♁, Kagoshima, Amami Island, Yamato-son, Materia Falls, 4.vii.2004, T. Nakamura ( SIHU); 5 ♁♁, Kagoshima, Tokunoshima Island, Tokunoshima-chô, Kedoku, Mt. Minada, 30.ix.2013, D. Kato ( BLKU). OĸIΝΑWΑ I SLΑΝDS: 4 ♁♁ 1 ♀, Okinawa, Okinawa Island, Kunigami-son, Yona, 28.iii.2004, T. Nakamura ( SIHU); 1 ♀, Okinawa, Okinawa Island, Nago-shi, Genka, Mt. Ubashi-yama, 12.iii.2017, D. Kato ( BLKU). YΑE Y ΑΜΑ I SLΑΝDS: 1 ♁, Okinawa, Iriomote Island, Taketomi-chô, Komi, Maira-gawa River, 15.iii.2017, D. Kato ( BLKU); 2 ♁♁ 1 ♀, Okinawa, Ishigaki Island, Ishigaki-shi, Mt. Omoto, 13.xi.2007, T. Nakamura ( SIHU); 1 ♁, same data as previous except 26.ix.2013, D. Kato ( BLKU); 2 ♁♁, Okinawa, Iriomote Island, Taketomi-chô, Haeminaka to Haemi, 15.iii.2017, D. Kato ( BLKU). INDIA: SIĸĸIΜ: 1 ♁, Sikkim, Lingtham, 8.viii.1959, T. Schmid (identified by Alexander / USNM).

Redescription. Male. Body length 7.4–9.1 mm. Wing length 8.5–9.6 mm. Body colouration darker and wing marking narrower or smaller in specimens from Yaeyama Islands.

Head yellowish brown to brown with yellowish grey pruinescence; vertex with dark central line; antenna with scape dark brown, pedicel brown; flagellomeres 1–2 orange-yellow, following flagellomeres evenly dark brown; palpus and mouth parts dark brown.

Thorax with mesonotum yellowish brown to brown, darkened at anterior end, this dark area extending posteriorly in short length, lateral sides of prescutum widely dark, anterior inner margin of this dark area sometimes extending posteromedially; pruinescence of mesonotum very weak, indistinct on anterior half in dorsal view; prescutum with four dark areas on posterior third; postsutural area largely darkened at middle, dark area extending to basal area of scutellum; anterior outer edge of scutal lobe with small dark spot; mediotergite slightly darkened with V-shaped lighter area; pleuron yellowish brown, variegated with darker areas and grey pruinescence. Legs with coxae and trochanters yellow to yellowish brown, fore and mid coxae with darker area at middle, hind coxa with dark area on lower half; femora, tibiae and tarsi yellow to yellowish brown; each femur with short weak brown band near tip, 1.0–2.0 times as long as width of femur and sometimes indistinct. Wing ( Fig. 17 ) 3.6–4.2 times as long as wide, greyish subhyaline with brown markings, outlined with dark brown, these darker margins sometimes indistinct on posterior half of wing; markings interrupted transversely at middle of wing in Amami Islands and joining near distal end of cell br in Okinawa and Yaeyama Islands; circular marking enclosing base of Rs with narrow dark seam inside, restricted on base of Rs; markings at distal end of cell sc and on inner and outer ends of cell d solid; cell d with one large subhyaline area at middle; spots at tips of veins near wing tip narrowly connected to adjacent ones; marking at tip of R 2 reaching at R 4L5; variation of development of wing marking small in same locality. Halter dusky yellow with dark band at base of knob.

Abdomen yellowish brown to brown, each segment with weak pruinescence at caudal margin, strongly widened at lateral sides of tergites; sternites paler, each segment darkened along lateral margins. Male genitalia ( Fig. 18 ) with tergite 9 bearing pair of large and narrow subtriangular median lobes at posterior margin; sternite 9 flattened at caudal margin, without conical tubercle; gonostyli large, about 1/2 length of gonocoxite; interbase ( Fig. 19 ) with rod moderate in length, tip extending beyond tip of aedeagus and ending at about basal 3/5 of gonocoxite, straight on basal 3/4 and curved medially on apical part; base of interbase slightly shorter than rod.

Female. Body length 10.5–11.2 mm. Wing length 8.5– 10.4 mm. Generally resembling male except for terminalia.

Ovipositor with sternite 8 ( Fig. 20 ) bearing linear apodeme on lateral side of posterior half; when viewed ventrally, length of sternite 8 excluding hypogynial valve usually slightly shorter than wide; sternite 8 with indistinct dark markings in various areas, marking often indistinct; furca ( Fig. 21 ) vertically long elliptical or tongue-shaped on anterior 4/5, narrowest at fork at basal 1/5, with longitudinal groove extending almost all length of furca; sternite 10 ( Fig. 22 ) roughly squarish, indistinct at anterior margin, with small three projections at posterior margin.

Distribution. Japan (Nansei Islands: Amami Islands; Okinawa Islands; Yaeyama Islands) ( Fig. 46 ), Taiwan, India, and Sri Lanka.

Remarks. The specimens from India have wider femoral bands, about four times as long as width of femur, while 1.0–2.0 times or indistinct in the specimens from Japan. However, based on the structure of the male genitalia, the Japanese specimens are treated as conspecific. This species is very similar to a Taiwanese species, Epiphragma divisum Alexander, 1923 in terms of wing marking and structure of male genitalia, but is distinguished from it by the following characters: each femur with one dark band near tip (without band in E. divisum ); brown spots at tips of M 3 and M 4 very distinct, longer than width of cell m 4 (much smaller than half width of cell m 4 in E. divisum ); marking along M 1, M 1L2, cord, and tip of CuPsinuous, coarse at outline (gently curved, smooth at outline in E. divisum ).

Figures

Figs 15–22. Epiphragma kempi Brunetti, 1913. 15 – habitus (male from Tokunoshima Is.); 16 – habitus (male from Ishigaki Is.); 17 – wings (upper one from Amami Is., middle one from Okinawa Is., lower one from Ishigaki Is.); 18 – male genitalia in dorsal view; 19 – interbase in dorsal view; 20 – female abdominal sternite 8 and hypogynial valve in ventral view; 21 – furca in dorsal view; 22 – female abdominal sternite 10 in ventral view. Scale bars = 5 mm (15–16), 2 mm (17), 0.25 mm (18–22).

Figs 44–47. Distributions of Epiphragma species in Japan. 44 – E. gracilistylus Alexander, 1933; 45 – E. amamiense sp. nov. (blue) and E. subfascipenne Alexander, 1920 (red); 46 – E. kempi (blue) and E. subinsigne Alexander, 1920 (red); 47 – E. trichomerum Alexander, 1955.