Eumenes bollii Cresson, 1872

Grandinete, Yuri Campanholo, Noll, Fernando Barbosa & Carpenter, James, 2018, Taxonomic Review of Eumenes Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae) from the New World, Zootaxa 4459 (1), pp. 1-52 : 9-12

Eumenes bollii Cresson, 1872

Eumenes bollii Cresson, 1872 , 4: 232.

Type data: Lectotype female at ANSP (n° 2066) (examined).

Type locality: Texas.

Cresson, 1887: 287 [cat.].

Dalla Torre, 1894, 9: 19 [cat.].

Dalla Torre, 1904, 19: 21 [bolli [!]]; [cat.].

Viereck, 1906, 32: 230.

Isely, 1914 (1913), 8 (7): 299 [bolli [!]], [nest].

Cresson, 1916, 1: 104 [designation of lectotype].

Isely, 1917, 10: 346 (key), 349.

Bequaert, 1938, 33: 65 [notes on types], 68 (list).

Bequaert, 1944, 71: 77 (key), 79.

Bohart, 1948, (4) 24 (9): 315.

MacLachlan, 1980, 53: 617, 619 (key).

Ruiz C. et al., 1993, 88: 83, 86 (list).

Buck et al. (2008), 5: 44 (key), 154.

Eumenes ehrenbergi Zavattari, 1912 , 78A (4): 124.

Type data: Type female at ZMHB.

Type locality: Mexico (“ Ehrenberg ”).

Eumenes bollii var. oregonensis Bequaert, 1938 , 33: 66, 69. NEW STATUS.

Type data: Holotype female at MCZ (n° 35828) (examined); Paratype female at AMNH (examined); Paratype female at OSU.

Type locality: Holotype: “ Wawawai , Whitman Co., Washington State” ( USA) . Paratype ( AMNH): Fallon , Churchill Co., Nevada ( USA) ; Paratype ( OSU): Blitzen , Harney Co., Oregon .

Eumenes bollii oregonensis ; Bohart, 1951: 884 (cat.).

Krombein, 1979, 1507 (cat).

Eumenes bollii bollii ; Bohart, 1951: 884.

Krombein, 1958: 163.

Giordani Soika, 1978, 29: 24.

Krombein, 1979: 1507 (cat).

Rodríguez-Palafox, 1996: 479 (list).

Eumenes bollii ehrenbergi ; Giordani Soika, 1978, 29: 18 (key), 24 (designation of lectotype).

Rodríguez-Palafox, 1996: 479 (list).

Distribution: Canada (Alberta); Mexico (Lower California, Chihuahua; Coahulia; Durango; Tamaulipas *, Zacatecas); U.S.A. (AZ, CA, CO, IA*, ID*, KS, MD, MN*, MO*, MT, NE*, NM, NV, OK*, OR, TX, UT, WA).

* Records from the literature.

Comments and diagnosis. Eumenes bollii Cresson, 1872 , can be easily identified by the lack of the pronotal carina dorsally, the long pubescence along the body, especially on the frons, dorsal surface of mesosoma, T1–T2, and S2; and the globose T2.

Bequaert (1938) described Eumenes bollii var. oregonensis ( Fig. 4 ) as a “melanic variety” of E. bollii . Later the taxon was treated as a subspecies of E. bollii by Bohart (1951) and Krombein (1979). Eumenes bollii Cresson, 1872 , was described as having many ferrugineous marks along the body, while Bequaert (1938) based his variety on the reduction of those ferrugineous marks, mostly on the abdomen. We studied the holotype and one paratype of the E. bollii var. oregonensis and there was no morphological evidence (as stated also by Bequaert, 1938) that would support the separation of the taxon into two different taxa, and as we have found color variants (see variation section below) of E. bollii bollii that overlap with the color description of E. bollii oregonensis , we are confident that both taxa are synonyms.

Although we did not see the type specimen of E. bollii ehrenbergi Zavattari (1912) , we examined other specimens and observed that there is no morphological difference between it and E. bollii bollii , except that the former has additional ferrugineous marks along the body, as observed by Giordani Soika (1978), who examined the type specimen. Therefore, we propose to treat E. b. ehrenbergi as a synonym of E. bollii .

Redescription. Lectotype Eumenes bollii Cresson, 1872 ( Fig. 3 )

Female. Color, head: Yellow marks as follows: apex of labrum; mandibles, except for the apex and inner margin which is dark brownish; a stripe running from base of the clypeus to the ocular sinus; scape, except for some ferrugineous marks; pedicel. Black marks as follows: frons, vertex and posterior region of the superior half of the gena; F4–F10, except for ferrugineous marks. Ferrugineous marks as follows: entirely clypeus; inter-antennal region and right above it, but not surpassing the lower level of the upper orbit of the compound eye; a stripe (with some yellowish marks) along anterior portion of gena. Mesosoma: Predominantly ferrugineous, except for blackish marks as follows: a broad longitudinal stripe on mesoscutum; mesepimeron, anterior and posterior portion of the mesepisternum; anterior portion of the lateral face of the propodeum; a narrow transverse stripe on the base of scutelum; a stripe on the superior portion of the posterior face of the propodeum, which runs longitudinally along the medial portion towards the base of it. Tegula and parategula entirely yellow. Coxae, trochanters and femura ferrugineous; tibiae and tarsi yellow. Metasoma: T1 ferrugineous (like mesosoma) with a blackish band which goes from the base towards and becomes narrower narrow towards pre-apex region; a yellow transverse stripe on apex of T1; S1 ferrugineous with smalls black marks on lateral margins; T2 predominantly yellow with a transverse blackish stripe on the base and a short stripe on each side of the lateral margins portions; ferrugineousyellowish (as in T1) circle (one in each side) that goes from the base of T2 along the lateral edge towards the dorsal face of the sclerite; T3–T6 entirely yellow; S2 yellow with a blackish spot on each side of it; S3–S6 yellow with blackish spots on each side of S3 and S4. Wings: Wings yellow with the veins darkened.

Pubescence, head: Basal region of clypeus, frons, vertex and occipital region with long and golden pubescence. The rest of the clypeus with short whitish pubescence and some scattered erect bristles. Short and whitish pubescence on gena. Mesosoma: Covered with long (as long as on frons) golden pubescence, including the anterior surface of fore coxae. Trochanter and basal portion of femur of the fore legs with erect and golden bristles.

Metasoma: Covered with golden pubescence. T1 with long pubescence (as in mesosoma) on dorsal and lateral portions, while on ventral portion there is just some long scattered pubescence. Dorsal face of T2 with long pubescence (as on T1) on the first third, which becomes shorter on the second third and longer again on the last third. S2 with long pubescence on basal half which becomes slightly shorter on apical half. T3–T6 and S3–S5 with short pubescence, except for long bristles on the apex. S6 with short pubescence on all sclerite.

Surface of integument, head: Clypeus with weak scattered punctation; frons and vertex with coarser punctation, moderately dense (denser than on clypeus). Mesosoma: Dorsal face and below humeral region of pronotum with coarse and moderately dense punctation as in frons and vertex, except on middle area of the dorsal face where it is weak. Mesepisternum with punctation as on propodeum, except on the anterior portion where there is no evident punctation. Mesoscutum, scutelum, metanotum and lateral face of the propodeum with coarse and moderately punctation (as in pronotum). On posterior face of propodeum the punctation is also coarse but denser than the rest of the mesosoma. Metasoma: T1 with weak punctation (as in clypeus) very sparse. T2 with punctation as in T1 on basal half, which becomes coarse and strongly dense towards apex. S2 with evident punctation scattered on basal half. T3–T6 and S3–S6 with weak scattered punctation.

Structure, head: Apex of labrum rounded; clypeus as long as wide with the apex concave forming two rounded projections with weak carina on the apex of each one. Inter-antennal region rounded, transversely elevated at middle area, slightly wider than the antennal socket; lateral ocelli closer to the compound eyes than to each other. Occipital carina complete, weakly angled (concave) on middle portion of the gena and close to the compound eye next to the mandibles. Mesosoma: Pronotal carina absent on dorsal portion, present and well developed on lateral portion of the pronotum; pronotal fovea present; mesepimeron slightly elevated regarding to the mesepisternum. Posterior emargination of tegula weakly developed and rounded; parategula flattened dorsal-ventrally, lamelliform. Posterior face of propodeum strongly concave on basal half; external surface of the basal half of the fore coxa with a well developed carina. Metasoma: T1 almost three times longer than wide, not strongly swollen in dorsal view ( Fig. 29 ); T2 longer than wide ( Fig. 45 ), globose in lateral view, with the basal portion rising up strongly and the apical third with an incipient sinuosity on pre-apical region. T2 with an apical lamella which becomes absent towards lateral portion.

Male: Clypeus narrower than females; F11 short, without longitudinal carina on dorsal surface, with the apex pointed surpassing the apical margin of F8 ( Fig. 79 ). Ventral surface without microscopic erect bristles. S7 flattened apically, with moderately long scattered pubescence on apex (also on T7). Color, pubescence, punctation and structure (except for those cited above) are the same as females, including the variation.

Male genitalia: Aedeagus as in figure 95a, b. Paramere (fig. 95c) with long bristles on the middle region of gonostyle; digitus long, becoming narrow towards apex, with moderately long bristles on the base and becoming shorter towards apex (fig. 112); cuspis with erect bristles slightly shorter than those on the base of digitus; volsella with long bristles on the ventral edge and scattered short bristles; distal lobe truncate with no evident bristle.

Variation: Yellow marks (frequently mixed with ferrugineous marks): labrum; clypeus; inter-antennal region; a band from the base of the clypeus to the ocular sinus; a narrow band along gena, adjacent to the compound eyes; a band along the anterior portion of the pronotum; a broad spot on upper half of the mesepisternum; parategula; marks on mesoscutum; apical half of scutellum; metanotum; sides of posterior face of propodeum; legs, mainly on femora. One specimen from Nevada ( USA) showed a predominantly yellow color along its body. Marks on the mesoscutum may be reduced, absent (mostly in males) or contiguous, with black marks only on anterior and posterior portions of the sclerite. Longitudinal black band on posterior face of propodeum may be narrower; black mark on T 1 may occupy almost the entire sclerite or be absent; T2 with a broad black band that goes from the base towards the middle surface and bifurcates into a band that goes towards lateral margins and runs along the edge up to the base. This pattern of the band may vary, being restricted to a mark only laterally to a narrow band or even absent. T 1 may have some evident punctures scattered, as long as the basal half of T2 eventually with some scattered coarse punctures. T 1 may be slightly slender or even more developed laterally to between concave and subparallel.

Type material. The lectotype female of Eumenes bollii Cresson, 1872 is in good condition, except for the absence of flagellomeres 2–10 of the right antenna, and it bears the labels: ‘Tex’ ‘[Red Label] TYPE No. \ 2066- [partially handwritten label]’ ‘ Eumenes \ Bollii \ Cres [handwritten label]’.

The holotype female of Eumenes bollii var. oregonensis is in excellent condition and bears the labels: ‘Wawawai. Wash. \ 9:6;08: WMMann’ ‘ Eumenes \ bollii var. \ oregonensis \ J. Beq’ ‘[Red Label] HOLOTYPE \ 35828 \ teste J. M. Carpenter 87’ ‘MCZ-ENT \ 0 0 0 35828 \\ MCZ-ENT \ 00035828’. The paratype female of Eumenes bollii var. oregonensis is in excellent condition and bears the labels: ‘Fallon, NEV. \ Alt. 4000 ft. \ VI.6.1930’ ‘Collector \ E. L. Bell \ Ace. 30540’ ‘[Red Label] M.C.Z. \ Type \ oregonensis \ ♀ JB’ ‘ Eumenes \ bollii var. \ oregonensis \ ♀ J. Beq. \ paratype’.

Figures

FIGURES 1–12. Eumenes species, lateral view. 1) Eumenes americanus de Saussure (female); 2) E. belfragei aureus Isely, 1917 (Holotype, female); 3) E. bollii Cresson, 1872 (Lectotype, female); 4) E. bollii oregonensis Bequaert, 1938 (Holotype, female); 5); E. bequaerti Isely, 1917 (Holotype, male); 6) E. iturbide (= E. consobrinus; Holotype, female); 7) E. coyotae Bohart, 1948 (Holotype, male); 8) E. crucifera Provancher, 1888 (Holotype, female). 9) E. bolliformis Viereck, 1908 (Lectotype, female); 10) E. crucifera var. nearcticus Bequaert, 1944 (female); 11) E. crucifera stricklandi Bequaert, 1944 (Holotype, female); 12) E. cruciferoides Giordani Soika, 1978 (Holotype, female). Scale bar = 1mm.

FIGURES 27–42. First tergum, dorsal view. 27) Eumenes americanus; 28) E. bequaerti; 29) E. bollii; 30) E. consobrinus; 31) E. coyotae; 32) E. crucifera; 33) E. cubensis; 34) E. flavitinctus; 35) E. fraternus; 36) E. pictus; 37) E. sculleni; 38) E. smithii; 39) E. verticalis; 40) E. filiformis; 41) E. rufomaculactus; 42) E. versicolor. Scale bar = 1mm.

FIGURES 43–58. Second tergum, dorsal view. 43) Eumenes americanus; 44) E. bequaerti; 45) E. bollii; 46) E. consobrinus; 47) E. coyotae; 48) E. crucifera; 49) E. cubensis; 50) E. flavitinctus; 51) E. fraternus; 52) E. pictus; 53) E. sculleni; 54) E. smithii; 55) E. verticalis; 56) E. filiformis; 57) E. rufomaculactus; 58) E. versicolor. Scale bar = 1mm.

FIGURES 77–92. First tergum, dorsal view. 77) Eumenes americanus; 78) E. bequaerti; 79) E. bollii; 80) E. consobrinus; 81) E. coyotae; 82) E. crucifera; 83) E. cubensis; 84) E. flavitinctus; 85) E. fraternus; 86) E. pictus; 87) E. sculleni; 88) E. smithii; 89) E. verticalis; 90) E. filiformis; 91) E. rufomaculactus; 92) E. versicolor. Scale bar = 1mm.