Eumerus colladoi Ricarte & Aguado-Aranda, 2022

Aguado-Aranda, Pablo, Ricarte, Antonio, Nedeljković, Zorica & Marcos-García, M. Ángeles, 2022, An overlooked case for a century: taxonomy and systematics of a new Iberian species of Eumerus Meigen, 1822 (Diptera, Syrphidae), European Journal of Taxonomy 817, pp. 35-57 : 41-50

Eumerus colladoi Ricarte & Aguado-Aranda sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C63F1D95-7528-4679-9705-FAA919D7CDDD

Figs 2–7

Diagnosis

Medium sized (6.5–9.5mm) black species ( Fig. 2 ), slightly larger than E. strigatus , which can be distinguished from similar species by the black pilosity on vertical triangle ( Fig. 3 ), the absence of a baso-ventral ridge in the metatibia ( Fig. 5B ), the shape of sternum IV with a pair of black spinose valves ( Fig. 6 ) and the general morphology of male genitalia ( Fig. 7 ).

Etymology

This species is named after the Spanish entomologist Juan Gil Collado for his important contribution to the knowledge of the Iberian hoverflies ( Gil-Collado 1930). The specific epithet ‘ colladoi ’ refers to his second surname and should be treated as a noun in the genitive case.

Material examined

Holotype SPAIN • ♂; Alicante , Alcoleja , Sierra de Aitana, Puerto de Tudons, on Thapsia villosa ; 18 Jun. 2020; A. Ricarte leg.; CEUA00109561 ; CEUA-CIBIO.

Paratypes PORTUGAL • 1 ♂; Mértola , NE of town; 29S618-416 ; 22 May 2004; A. v. Eck leg.; coll. A. v. Eck.

SPAIN • 1 ♂; Málaga, Yunquera, Parque Natural Sierra de las Nieves , Puerto Saucillo ; 36°43′22.9″ N, 04°57′59.8″ W; 1181m a.s.l.; 21 May 2010; M.A. Marcos García leg.; en (‘hovering around’) piornal (‘broom’); CEUA 00107843 ; CEUA-CIBIO • 1 ♂; Ciudad Real, Parque Nacional de Cabañeros ; 2–23 Aug. 2004; A. Ricarte leg.; Malaise trap maA1; CEUA 00109557 ; CEUA-CIBIO • 1 ♂; Ciudad Real, Parque Nacional de Cabañeros, Finca Garbanzuelo ; 27 Jul. 2021; P. Aguado leg.; CEUA 00109777 ; CEUA-CIBIO • 1 ♂; León, Sena de Luna ; 3 Sep. 2010; F. Fresno leg.; N° Cat. 56574; MNCN • 1 ♂; León, Rodiezmo ; 27 Aug. 2010; F. Fresno leg.; N° Cat. 57041; MNCN • 1 ♂; Salamanca, Espeja, Campanarios de Azaba ; 2 Aug. 2011; García, Ramírez, Moreno leg.; Malaise trap 19; CEUA 00109556 ; CEUA-CIBIO • 1 ♀; Salamanca. Topas, Castillo del Buen Amor ; 11 Jun. 1978; Mª A. Marcos leg.; CEUA 00018013 ; Mª A. Marcos det. as Eumerus strigatus ; CEUA-CIBIO • 1 ♀; Salamanca, Montemayor del Río ; 29 Apr. 1980; Mª A. Marcos leg.; CEUA 00018004 ; Mª A. Marcos det. as Eumerus strigatus ; CEUA-CIBIO • 1 ♂; Salamanca, Vallejera de Riofrío, Puerto Vallejera ; 1202m a.s.l.; 26 Sep. 1977; S. Fdez. Gayubo leg.; CEUA 00017757 ; Mª A. Marcos-García det. as Eumerus amoenus ; CEUA-CIBIO • 1 ♂; same locality and altitude as for preceding; 24 Aug. 1980; M.A. Marcos leg.; CEUA 00017758 ; Mª A. Marcos-García det. as Eumerus amoenus ; CEUA-CIBIO • 2 ♂♂; Alicante, Agres, Caveta del Voltor ; 1200 m a.s.l.; 29 May 2001; Pérez Bañón, Marcos-García & Rojo leg.; CEUA 00109554 to 0010955 ; CEUA-CIBIO • 5 ♂♂; Alicante, Agres, Foia Ampla ; 1060 m.; 29 May 2001; Pérez Bañón, Marcos- García & Rojo leg.; CEUA 00109771 to 00109775 ; X. Mengual det. as Eumerus amoenus in Mengual (2005); CEUA-CIBIO • 1 ♂; same locality and altitude as for preceding; 17–31 Jul. 2001; Pérez Bañón, Marcos-García and Rojo leg.; Malaise trap; CEUA 00109552 ; X. Mengual det. as Eumerus amoenus in Mengual (2005); CEUA-CIBIO • 1 ♂; same locality and altitude as for preceding; 23 Apr.–15 May 2002; Pérez Bañón, Marcos-García and Rojo leg.; CEUA 00109553 ; Malaise trap; X. Mengual det. as Eumerus amoenus in Mengual (2005); CEUA-CIBIO • 1 ♂; Alicante, Agres, Font Retura ; 900 m a.s.l.; 30 Aug.- 2 Sep. 2001; Pérez Bañón, Marcos-García and Rojo leg.; Malaise trap; CEUA00109776 ; X. Mengual det. as Eumerus amoenus in Mengual (2005); CEUA-CIBIO • 1 ♂; same locality as for holotype; 6 Jun. 2020; A. Ricarte leg.; CEUA_S01 ; CEUA 00107848 ; CEUA-CIBIO • 1 ♀; same locality as for holotype; 6 Jun. 2020; A. Ricarte; CEUA 00109558 ; CEUA-CIBIO • 1 ♀; same locality as for holotype; 29 May 2020; A. Ricarte leg.; CEUA 00109559 ; CEUA-CIBIO • 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; CEUA 00109560 ; CEUA 00109562 to 00109563 ; CEUA-CIBIO • 3 ♀♀; same locality as for holotype; 20 Jun. 2020; A. Ricarte leg.; CEUA_S02 , CEUA 00107847 ; CEUA 00109564 to 00109565 ; CEUA-CIBIO; Coll. A. v. Eck • 3 ♀♀; same locality as for holotype; 20 Jun. 2020; Z. Nedeljković leg.; CEUA 00109566 to 00109568 ; CEUA-CIBIO • 1 ♀; same locality as for holotype; 10 Sep. 2020; Z. Nedeljković leg.; CEUA 00109569 ; CEUA-CIBIO • 2 ♀♀; same locality as for holotype; 16 May 2021; Z. Nedeljković leg.; CEUA_S52 , CEUA 00107928 ; CEUA 00109570 ; CEUA-CIBIO • 2 ♂♂; same locality as for holotype; 26 May 2021; Z. Nedeljković leg.; CEUA 00108052 to 00108053 ; CEUA-CIBIO; CSCA • 5 ♀♀; same locality as for holotype; 26 May 2021; Z. Nedeljković leg.; CEUA 00108050 to 00108051 ; CEUA 00108067 to 00108069 ; CEUA-CIBIO; CSCA • 1 ♀; same locality as for holotype; 11 Jun. 2021; Z. Nedeljković leg.; CEUA 00108054 ; CEUA-CIBIO • 1 ♀; Alicante, Alcoleja, Sierra de Aitana , Mas del Piscul ; 29 May 2019; M.A. Marcos García leg.; CEUA 00109854 ; CEUA- CIBIO • 1 ♀; same locality and date as for preceding; A. Ricarte leg.; CEUA 00109855 ; CEUA-CIBIO • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; 20 Jun. 2016; G.J. Souba Dols leg.; INV09526; CEUA 00111027 ; Ricarte det. as Eumerus sp. ; CEUA-CIBIO • 6 ♀♀; same locality as for preceding; 26 May 2021; I. Ballester leg.; CEUA 00109860 to 00109865 ; CEUA-CIBIO • 1 ♂; Alicante, Benimaurell ; 7 May 2007; Marcos-García & Ricarte leg.; CEUA 00029572 ; CEUA-CIBIO • 1 ♂; Alicante , la Vall d’Ebo ; 38°48′16.60″ N, 0°11′59.57″ W; 555 m a.s.l.; 26 May 2021; P. Aguado leg.; CEUA 00108079 ; CEUA- CIBIO • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; A. Ricarte leg.; CEUA 00108075 ; CEUA-CIBIO • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; 38°48′16.47″ N, 0°11′42.97″ O; 546m a.s.l.; 20 May 2021; A. Ricarte leg.; on Thapsia villosa ; CEUA 00109853 ; CEUA-CIBIO • 3 ♀♀; Alicante, la Vall de Laguar, Venta del Collao ; 38°46′10.91″ N, 0°9′4.21″ W; 762 m a.s.l.; 26 May 2021; A. Ricarte leg; CEUA 00108059 ; CEUA 00108073 to 00108074 ; CEUA-CIBIO • 1 ♂; Alicante, Cocentaina , Font de la Penya Banyà; 4 Jul. 2021; I. Ballester leg.; en (‘on’) Rubus sp. ; CEUA 00108072 ; CEUA-CIBIO • 1 ♂; Valencia, Bocairent, Mas del Parral ; 900 m a.s.l.; 5–19 Jun. 2001; Malaise trap; Pérez Bañón, Marcos-García and Rojo leg.; CEUA 00109851 ; X. Mengual det. as Eumerus amoenus in Mengual (2005); CEUA-CIBIO • 1 ♂; same locality and altitude as for preceding; 30 Jul.–13 Aug. 2002; Malaise trap; Pérez Bañón, Marcos-García and Rojo leg.; CEUA 00109852 ; X. Mengual det. as Eumerus amoenus in Mengual (2005); CEUA-CIBIO • 1 ♀; Valencia, Bocairent, Sierra de Mariola, Pla d’Aparici , on Thapsia villosa ; 3 Jun. 2020; A. Ricarte leg.; CEUA_S06 ; CEUA 00107844 ; CEUA-CIBIO • 1 ♀, Valencia, Sª Mariola, Bocairent, Font del Mas dels Arbres , on Thapsia villosa ; 3 Jun. 2020; A. Ricarte leg.; CEUA 00109850 ; CEUA-CIBIO • 2 ♀♀; Valencia, Alt del Portell, Bocairent, Vall Albaida ; 837 m a.s.l.; 12 Jun. 2021; Z. Nedeljković leg.; CEUA 00108056 to 00108057 ; CEUA-CIBIO • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; CEUA 00108058 ; CEUA-CIBIO • 1 ♂; same locality, altitude and date as for preceding; A. Ricarte leg.; CEUA 00108055 ; CEUA-CIBIO • 1 ♂; Valencia, Sª Mariola, Bocairent, Font del Mas dels Arbres , campo de Thapsia villosa ; 12 Jun. 2021; Z. Nedeljković leg.; CEUA 00108078 ; CEUA-CIBIO • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; CEUA 00108077 to 00108076 ; CEUA-CIBIO • 1 ♂; same locality and date as for preceding; A. Ricarte leg.; CEUA 00108071 ; CEUA-CIBIO • 1 ♂; Sierra Espuña ; 37.866° N, 1.447° W; 732 m a.s.l.; 7 Oct. 2020; A. Ricarte, Z. Nedeljković and P. Aguado leg.; CEUA_S03 ; CEUA 00107846 ; CEUA-CIBIO • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; CEUA_S04 ; CEUA 00107842 ; CEUA-CIBIO • 1 ♂; El Escorial ; 14 Jun. 1922; Dusmet leg. ; • 1 ♂; El Pardo ; Jun. 1908; Arias leg.; MNCN • 1 ♂; Villaviciosa de Odón, Villaviciosa ; 14 Apr. 1926; Dusmet leg.; J. Gil Collado det. as Eumerus amoenus in Gil-Collado (1930); MNNC .

Additional examined material of other species of Eumerus

Eumerus amoenus Loew, 1848

SERBIA • 1 ♂; Dubašnica , Klisura Lazareve Reke; 21 Aug. 1997; Vujić leg.; CEUA 00017760 ; A. Vujić det.; CEUA-CIBIO • 1 ♀; Malinik , Malinik; 26 Jul. 1997; Dević leg; CEUA 00017763 ; A. Vujić det.; CEUA-CIBIO .

SPAIN • 1 ♂; Ciudad Real , Parque Nacional de Cabañeros; 1–24 Aug. 2004; A. Ricarte leg.; Malaise trap maJ1; CEUA 00084834 ; A. Ricarte det.; CEUA-CIBIO .

TUNISIA • 1 ♂; Djerba, Houmt Souk, 5km S of Midoun; M. Hauser leg.; CEUA 00017759 ; M. Hauser det.; CEUA-CIBIO .

Eumerus chrysopygus Sack, 1941

SOUTH KOREA • 1 ♂; Chungnam Keumsan Nami-myeon Pohyeonsa Pohyeonsa ; 36°03.494 N, 127°27.225 E; 1–8 Jun. 2005; P. Tripton leg.; Malaise; CEUA 00103565 ; M. Hauser det.; CEUA-CIBIO. Eumerus clavatus Becker, 1921

GERMANY • 1 ♂; D-BW Pforzheim Niefern MV91 Lattenold MF ; 26 Jun. 1992; Schmid-Egger leg.; D. Doczkal det.; CSCA • 1 ♀; same locality and collector as for preceding; 10 Sep. 1992; D. Doczkal det.; CSCA .

Eumerus nudus Loew, 1848

SPAIN • 1 ♂; Alicante , Tibi, Sª del Maigmó, observatorio ; 1176 m a.s.l.; 26 May 2021; A. Ricarte leg.; CEUA_S64 ; CEUA 00111026 ; Z. Nedeljković det.; CEUA-CIBIO .

Description

Male

MEASUREMENTS (mm). Holotype (♂): l = 8.02; w = 2.05; h = 1.91; hw = 2.54; wl = 5.82.

HEAD. Eye contiguity virtually of the same length (0.31 mm) as the height of the frontal triangle (0.33 mm). Eye pilosity consisting of rather short, scarce and pale pile, specially conspicuous on the ventral part of eye. Face and frontal triangle (including lunules) densely and white pollinose, covered with white pile ( Fig. 3A ). Vertical triangle black and with long, erect, black pile ( Fig. 3C ), pollinose at its anterior apex and with two extremely reduced pollinose spots which are located behind posterior ocelli. Ocellar triangle isosceles. Occiput black and purple iridescent (under artificial white lightning), with pile shorter than those on the vertical triangle; occiput white pollinose along the eye margin. Scape and pedicel dark brown; pedicel with black pile which are longer on the ventral side. Basoflagellomere almost square (ratio length:width = 1:1.1), convex dorsally and slightly concave ventrally, dark brown except baso-ventrally, with a lunulate black fossette at the distal margin. Pedicel and basoflagellomere sparsely white pollinose (pollinosity more obvious in dorsal view and under artificial white lighting). Arista black ( Fig. 3E ).

THORAX. Mesonotum and lateral sides of the thorax black. Anterior and posterior parts of the scutum covered with rather short and white pile, in the medial part white pile intermixed with short and semireclined black pile; scutum with two medial white pollinose vittae extending over the anterior two thirds of the scutum and with a small circular grey pollinose spot posterior to transverse suture; lateral margins of the scutum with green metallic reflections. Notopleural sulcus absent. Disc of scutellum with white pile slightly longer than those on the scutum; posterior margin of scutellum with teeth-like protuberances, each bearing a long black pilis apically. Posterior anepisternum, anterior anepimeron and katepisternum on its postero-lateral area densely long white pilose. Katatergum with discrete bunch of yellow setae. Pleuron grey pollinose except the posterior anepisternum postero-laterally, anterior anepimeron centrally, ventral margin of posterior anepimeron and the dorsal margin of katepisternum. Femora black, basis and apices light brown. Basal half of pro- and mesotibia light brown and apical half black. Basal third of metatibia light brown and apical two thirds black. Dorsal surface of all tarsi black, ventrally yellowish brown. Posterior side of pro- and mesofemora white pilose. Metafemur densely white pilose, ventrally with pile of different lengths including some which are nearly twice as long as the reminder. Metafemur with an anterior row of 6 spinae and a posterior row of 14 spinae curved towards the posterior side of the metafemur ( Fig. 5A ). Metatibia flattened, without a baso-ventral ridge ( Fig. 5B ). Wing membrane extensively microtrichose; posterior margin of the wing with dense, short and brown pile; margin of ventral calypter with rather long and yellow pile; margin of dorsal calypter with pile shorter than those of ventral calypter; halter yellow.

ABDOMEN. Terga I–IV black. Lateral margin of tergum I grey pollinose and white pilose. Terga II–IV densely white pilose on their lateral margins (pile on anterior corners of tergum II rather long); terga II– IV each with a pair of slightly curved, white pollinose maculae, terga covered with rather short, reclined and white pile. Anterior margins of terga III–IV black pilose. Posterior margin of tergum IV light brown with a marginal line of black pile along it. Sternum IV with two quadrangular, straight projections on the posterior margin; central area of the sternum IV black pilose and protruding in a rounded, nose-like expansion; sternum IV with two black spinose valves under the medial area ( Fig. 6 ).

MALE GENITALIA. Epandrium with a simple posterior surstylar lobe convex anteriorly and straight posteriorly ( Fig. 7B ). Cercus with long pile. Anterior surstylar lobe with two large hyaline lobes and a small third accessory lobe in between ( Fig. 7B–C ). Hypandrium with a prominence at the base which shows a small indentation ( Fig. 7A ).

Female

Same as the male, besides the sexual dimorphism, except for the following characters: eye pilosity more abundant; basoflagellomere 1.0-1.2 × wider than long and larger than in male ( Fig. 3D, F ); black macula at the distal margin of the basoflagellomere more noticeable ( Fig. 3F ); white pollinose spots behind the posterior ocelli larger than in male; frons white pollinose along eye margins but grey on its central area ( Fig. 3B ).

Variation

Based on the examined material, E. colladoi Ricarte & Aguado-Aranda sp. nov. shows intraspecific variation in body length (♂ = 6.43–8.91 mm, n = 21; ♀ = 7.69–9.58mm, n = 15), length of frontal triangle in males (0.28–0.38 mm), length of eye contiguity in males (0.24–0.41mm), the presence or absence of two reduced white pollinose spots behind posterior ocelli (in males), the inclination of the spinae on the ventral side of the metafemur (from almost not inclined at all to an inclination of 90°) and the extent of the coloration on the metatibia (from light brown to black).

Distribution

The new species has been recorded from different Spanish and Portuguese localities, all in the Mediterranean region of the Iberian Peninsula ( Fig. 1 ).

Biology

The flight period of E. colladoi Ricarte & Aguado-Aranda sp. nov. runs from late May to October. Adults can be found in a wide altitudinal range (80–1200 m) mainly associated with mountain areas. The predominant vegetation in these areas are woodlands of pine ( Pinus L.) or oak ( Quercus L.) where some adults have been sampled feeding on inflorescences of Thapsia villosa L. ( Apiaceae ).

Systematic position of E. colladoi Ricarte & Aguado-Aranda sp. nov. based on DNA evidence

Both the NJ and ML trees had virtually identical topologies. In the ML-tree ( Fig. 8 ), high node support values (> 70) were obtained for every species group but for the E. pulchellus group (see Introduction). All barcodes of E. colladoi Ricarte & Aguado-Aranda sp. nov. were similar to each other with just 1 base pair difference. Eumerus nudus is similar to E. colladoi sp. nov. in the general shape of the basoflagellomere, the pilosity of the scutum, the coloration of the posterior margin of tergum IV and shape of male genitalia (see Discussion). The morphological similarities between E. nudus and E. colladoi sp. nov. justified the incorporation of the E. nudus sequence in the molecular analyses. A COI- 5’ sequence of the E. nudus was generated as it had no representation in the consulted BOLD and GenBank databases. The barcode sequence of E. nudus grouped, as expected, with that of Eumerus alpinus Rondani, 1857 but they did not form a clade with E. colladoi sp. nov. In addition, the new species did not cluster with sequences of species of the E. clavatus group, which have even more similar male genitalia in comparison with E. colladoi sp. nov. together with a medium-sized body, a dark body coloration and an elongated and parallel-sided abdomen. The proportion of invariant sites for the first and third codon positions were 0.29 and 0.07, respectively. Level of variation is usually higher in the third codon position as it tends to have faster rate of evolution ( Felsenstein 1978).

Figures

Fig. 2. Eumerus colladoi Ricarte & Aguado-Aranda sp. nov. A. Holotype, ♂, dorsal view (CEUA- CIBIO). B. Holotype, ♂, lateral view. C. Paratype, ♀, dorsal view (CEUA-CIBIO). D. Paratype, ♀, lateral view view (CEUA-CIBIO). Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 3. Eumerus colladoi Ricarte & Aguado-Aranda sp. nov. A. Holotype, ♂ (CEUA-CIBIO), head, general view. B. Paratype, ♀ (CEUA-CIBIO), head, general view. C. Holotype, ♂, head, lateral view. D. Paratype, ♀ (CEUA-CIBIO), head, lateral view. E. Holotype, ♂, antenna, lateral view. F. Paratype, ♀ (CEUA-CIBIO), antenna, lateral view. Abbreviation: fs = fossette. Scale bars: A–C = 500 μm; D–F = 250 μm.

Fig. 4. Measurements of Eumerus colladoi Ricarte & Aguado-Aranda sp. nov. A, C–D. Holotype, ♂ (CEUA-CIBIO). B. Paratype, ♀ (CEUA-CIBIO). Abbreviations: bl = basoflagellomere length; bw = basoflagellomere width; hh = head height; hw = head width; l = body length; tg = tegula; w = body width; wl = wing length. Scale bars: A–B = 1 mm; C–D = 500 μm.

Fig. 5. Metalegs of species of Eumerus Meigen, 1822. A–B. Eumerus colladoi Ricarte & Aguado- Aranda sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (CEUA-CIBIO). C. Eumerus amoenus Loew, 1848, ♂ (CEUA-CIBIO). Scale bars: 500 μm.

Fig. 6. Eumerus colladoi Ricarte & Aguado-Aranda sp. nov., paratype, ♂ (CEUA-CIBIO), sternum IV. Abbreviation: vs = valves. Scale bar: 250 μm.

Fig. 7. Eumerus colladoi Ricarte & Aguado-Aranda sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (CEUA-CIBIO), genitalia. A. Hypandrium, lateral view. B. Epandrium, lateral view. C. Epandrium, right side, ventral view. Abbreviations: asl = anterior surstylar lobe; cc = cercus; hl = hyaline lobes; pr = prominence; psl = posterior surstylar lobe. Scale bars: 250 μm.

Fig. 1. Distribution map of E. colladoi sp. nov. in the Iberian Peninsula.

Fig. 8. Tree inferred using the Maximum Likelihood method. Bootstrap values> 50 are shown near nodes. Branch lengths measured in number of substitutions per site.