Gagea bithynica Pascher, Sitz.

Tekşen, Mehtap & Erkul, Seher Karaman, 2015, The synopsis of the genus Gagea (Liliaceae) in Turkey, Phytotaxa 230 (1), pp. 101-129 : 106

Gagea bithynica Pascher, Sitz. -Ber. Deutsch. Naturw.-Med. Ver. Böhm. “Lotos”, n. ser., 24: 122 (1904).

≡ G. amblyopetala Boiss. & Heldr. subsp. bithynica (Pascher) A.Terracc., Bull. Herb. Boissier, II , 6: 120 (1906).

Type (lectotype designated by Rix 1984: 320): — TURKEY. am bithynischen Olymp, in Nadelwaldern, 1220 m, s.d., Pichler s.n. ( K!).

Specimens seen: — TURKEY. Afyon: Sandıklı, above Sorgun, Yaylaboğazı , wet place, 28 April 1976, A. Baytop 34744 ( E!) ; Ankara: Beypazarı, Eğriova, the road of Benli ( Pinus sylvestris forest), 27 May 1972, Y. Akman 8741 ( ANK!) ; 5 km to Çamlıdere , forest clearings, 1370 m, 3 May 1993, Z. Aytaç 5799 et al. ( GAZI!) ; Antalya: Avlan, S. of Avlan Lake , c. 80 km SW of Antalya, NE mountain slope with Cedrus forest, stony, loamy soil, c. 1300 m, 29 April 1959, Iter Leydense 775 ( ANK!) ; Manavgat-Akseki (4 km N of Serik), 19 April 1985, Max Nydegger s.n. ( G!) ; Isparta- Davras mountain , 2000 m, 30 May 1955, A. & T. Baytop s.n. ( G!) ; Bursa: Kirazlı, Uludağ , 4 May 1950, A. Berk 1584, 1585 ( HUB!) ; Uludağ, Hotel-Bakacak , 20 May 1961, R. Çetik s.n. ( KNYA!) ; Uludağ, Büyük Hotel , c. 1750 m, 20 May 1967, R. Çetik s.n. ( KNYA!) ; Uludağ, Abies bornmuelleriana - Wald , 31 km ob Bursa, 20 June 1964, A. Huber-Morath s.n. ( G!) ; Uludağ, Bakacak, Abies bornmuelleriana - Wald , 21 June 1964, A. Huber-Morath s.n. ( G!) ; Eskişehir: Çatacık forest , 27 May 1982, H. Malyer 1492 ( ESSE!) ; 80 km to Gökçekaya , rocky places, 4 May 1982, K. H. C. Başer & H. Malyer 1473 ( ESSE!) ; Mihalıcık, Çatacık forest , c. 1550–1700 m, 25 May 1981, K. H. C. Başer & H. Malyer 982 ( ESSE!) ; Kocaeli: Yuvacık Dam, Inönü Plateau, on the road of Karaçam , 1078 m, 4 May 2004, N. Aksoy 6395 & A. Efe, D. Demir ( DUOF!) ; Muğla: Yatağan-Milas, Turgut-Katrancı, 1 km from Katrancı to Geyik Dam , under Pinus pinea forest and clearings, 655 m, 5 March 2011, M. Tekşen 2709 & S. Karaman ( GAZI!) ; Yatağan-Milas, Turgut-Katrancı, c. 1 km from Katrancı to Geyik Dam , roadsides, rocky places, 670 m, 25 May 2011, M. Tekşen 2808 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; District Köyceğiz, Ağla to Gökçeova Road , Sandras mountain, 1830 m, 27 May 1988, S. Zmarzty & S. Atkins 108 ( K!) ; Köyceğiz, Sandras mountain , under Pinus nigra forest, 1700 m, 15 April 2001, Ö. Varol 3704 ( GAZI!) .

Flowering time: — April–May.

Habitat: — Wet places, under and in clearings coniferous forest, macchie, rocky slopes, 655–2100 m.

Distribution: — Endemic to Turkey (West Anatolia). East Mediterranean (mt.) element.

IUCN category: — Vulnerable, VU (B2ab (i, ii, iv).