Gagea gageoides (Zucc.) Vved.

Tekşen, Mehtap & Erkul, Seher Karaman, 2015, The synopsis of the genus Gagea (Liliaceae) in Turkey, Phytotaxa 230 (1), pp. 101-129 : 118-119

Gagea gageoides (Zucc.) Vved. in Fedtschenko et al., Fl. Turkm. 1: 261 (1932)

≡ Bulbillaria gageoides Zucc. Abh. Math. -Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 3: 229 (1843) ≡ Stellaster gageoides (Zucc.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 715 (1891) = Gagea persica Boiss. Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 7: 108 (1846) ≡ Hornungia persica (Boiss.) Rouy in Rouy & Fouc., Fl. France 12: 381 (1910) = Gagea jaeschkei var. praecedens Pascher, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou, n.s., 19: 373 (1907).

Type (lectotype designated by Wendelbo & Rechinger 1990: 52): — Lebanon. crescit in subalpinis umbrosis montis Libani, ibidem florifera lacta a clar, May 1938, Roth & Erdl 4 ( M!).

Specimens seen: — TURKEY. Bitlis: Tatvan, Sorgun, Van lake, volcanik terrain, 1650–1700 m, 28 May 1972, H. Peşmen 2755 ( ANK!, HUB!) ; Tatvan, Kesemdevesi, around Pishasan village , 30 April 2005 1500–1800 m, T. Ç. 318 ( VANF!) ; Sanayisitesi , rocky places, 1500 m, 29 April 2002, A. A. 2090 ( VANF!) ; Içel: Aslanköy, Cocakdere , Gökviraj state, alpine steppe, 1500–2100 m, 15 May 2004, M. Dinç 2076 ( MR!) ; Kahramanmaraş: Göksun, Yanıklar state, under Abies forest, 1700 m, 13 May 1978, B. Yıldız 1687 ( ANK!) ; Teknedağ above Kurucaova (Maraş- Göksun ), in turf, 1600 m, 4 May 1957, Davis 27411 & Hedge ( E!) ; Çağlayancerit, Öksüz mountain , steppe, 1500–1800 m, 6 May 1991, Z. Aytaç 3607 & H. Duman ( GAZI!) ; Engizek mountain, Mahmutlar neighborhood, 2400–2500 m, 20 May 1987, H. Duman 2691 ( GAZI!) ; Kayseri: 15 miles of Pınarbaşı , limestone cliffs, rocks, 1800–1900 m, 24 May 1965, M. J. E. Coode & B. M. G. Jones 1419 ( E!) ; Sarız, Yalak, Binboğa mountain , Tekkekayası state, alpine steppe, 1800–2350 m, 23 May 1992, Z. Aytaç 4710 & H. Duman ( GAZI!) ; Pınarbaşı, above Kavak village, Hınzır mountain , 1850 m, 27 May 1981, N. Çelik 1640 ( ANK!) ; Malatya: Doğanşehir, 5 km from Erkenek to Gölbaşı , rocky slopes, 1350 m, 15 May 1987, E. Aktoklu 381 ( HUB!) ; Van: Güzelsu-Üçgen village , to 3 km Hoşap, steppe, 2056 m, 11 May 2010, M. Tekşen 2415 & S. Karaman ( GAZI!) ; Bahçesaray, Karabel pass-Bahçesaray, rocky places, 2150 m, 11 May 2010, M. Tekşen 2407 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Bahçesaray, Ihtiyartaşı pass-Hizan, meadows, 2413 m, 11 May 2010, M. Tekşen 2409 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Bahçesaray, Karabel pass-Bahçesaray, rocky places, 2581 m, 11 May 2010, M. Tekşen 2405 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Gürpınar, Bölmeçalı- Sapakonak village crossroad, steppe, 2133 m, 13 May 2010, M. Tekşen 2439 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Gürpınar, Yoldüştü village , meadows, 2242 m, 13 May 2010, M. Tekşen 2448 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Gürpınar, above Tutmaç village , steppe, 2160 m, 13 May 2010, M. Tekşen 2465 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Gürpınar, above Hamurkesen village , steppe, 1965 m, 13 May 2010, M. Tekşen 2455 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Gürpınar, above Hamurkesen village , steppe, 1965 m, 13 May 2010, M. Tekşen 2459 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Gürpınar, Bölmeçalı crossroad, rocky shadows, 2000 m, 6 April 2001, M. Ünal 4738 ( VANF!) ; Gürpınar, Zernek dam-Üçgen village, steppe, 2000 m, 12 May 2007, I. Demir 61 ( VANF!) ; Muradiye, above Yumaklı village , stony places, 1865 m, 12 May 2010, M. Tekşen 2436 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Hoşap-Başkale , to 20 km Başkale, steppe, by melting snow patches on screes, 2200 m, 23 May 1993, Y. Altan 4949 ( GAZI!) ; Erciş- Hica, 1–2 km beyond Yukarıışıklı village, Koçköprü dam, steppe, 1916 m, 12 May 2010, M. Tekşen 2418 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Erciş, 1 km to Yukarıgöze neighborhood, rocky slopes, 2000–2200 m, 19 May 2002, O. Karabacak 2953 ( VANF!) ; Erciş, Yukarıçökek village , rocky places, 2180 m, 26 May 2007, O. Karabacak 5848 ( VANF!) ; Gevaş, W slopes of Çadır mountain , 2300 m, steppe, 6 June 1993, Y. Altan 5073 ( GAZI!) ; Özalp, above Sugeçen village , 2176 m, 11 May 1998, F. Özgökçe 5995 ( VANF) ; Akdamar , 1700 m, steppe, 6 May 1991, L. Behçet 1524 ( VANF!) ; Başkale, Çaldıran village , S slopes of Türktepe, 2050 m, 13 April 2006, D. Avlamaz 238 ( VANF!) .

Flowering time: — April–May.

Habitat: — Rocky and stony places, rocky shadows, by melting snow patches on screes, steppe, 1300–3000 m.

Distribution: — Irano-Turanian element. Turkey (East and South Anatolia), West and Central Asia ( Govaerts 2015).

Note: — Gagea gageoides is the species having the smallest flowers in Turkey. Filiform and curved basal leaf, non-present in the maturation stages, presence of a group of bulbils consisting of numerous bulbils on the base of the cauline leaves, brush-like appearance of flowers due to bulbils and nodding buds clearly identify this species.

Sect. Platyspermum Boiss., Fl. Orient. 5: 204 (1882). = sect. Graminifoliae Levichev, Bot. Zhurn. 75(2): 231 (1990)

Type (lectotype designated by Greuter 1970: 158): — G. reticulata (Pall.) Schult. & Schult.f.

In Turkey, sect. Platyspermum is represented by four species.

Identification key for Gagea sect. Platyspermum in Turkey:

1. Basal leaf flat......................................................................................................................................................................... G. rigida

- Basal leaf 5-angled.............................................................................................................................................................................2

2. Neck multilayered, tubular, reticulated, 3–8 cm .............................................................................................................. G. reticulata

- Neck multilayered and not reticulated, up to 3 cm .............................................................................................................................3

3. Bulb with few or not sclerified roots; tepals 10–15 mm, short acuminate at apex ................................................... G. alexeenkoana

- Bulb with a bulk of sclerified roots; tepals 15–28 mm, long acuminate at apex .......................................................... G. commutata