Gasteruption parvum Schrottky, 1906

Macedo, Antonio Carlos Cruz, 2011, A revision of Gasteruption Latreille (Hymenoptera: Gasteruptiidae) in the Neotropical Region 3030, Zootaxa 3030 (1), pp. 1-62 : 43-45

Gasteruption parvum Schrottky, 1906 ( Figs. 1i–m , 19 )

Gasteruption parvum Schrottky, 1906: 59–60 (description), 61 (in key); Kieffer, 1912: 238–239 (in key), 310 (redescription); Hedicke, 1939: 36 (catalog); Macedo, 2009: 7 (cladistic analysis); Rasmussen et al. 2009: 35 (catalog).

Gasteruption Horni Brèthes, 1927: 299 (description). New synonymy

Gasteruption horni: Hedicke, 1939: 35 (catalog); De Santis, 1980: 297 (catalog).

Diagnosis. Differs from other Neotropical species by the combination of the following characters: ovipositor sheath between 0.80–1.20 times as long as metasoma, black or dark brown, with apex yellow brown ( Fig. 19e ); occipital carina narrow dorsally and wider laterally ( Fig. 19b ); mesoscutum rugulose, with sparse punctation ( Fig. 19c ); head as long as wide ( Fig. 19a ); propodeum areolate; metacoxa striate; and fore wing discal cell present (rarely absent) ( Figs. 1i–m ).

Redescription. Female ( Fig. 19e ). Length: 11.1 mm (7.9–13.3 mm) (n=40); ovipositor sheath length 0.61 (0.53–0.69) × body length.

Head. Subtrapezoidal in dorsal view, as long as wide ( Fig. 19a ), punctulate; mandible pre-apical tooth distinct; malar space short, almost separated from gena; posterior ocellus inserted at the level of upper eye margin; occipital carina narrow dorsally and wider laterally ( Fig. 19b ). Head length 1.40 (1.29–1.48) × eye length; eye length 19.86 (14.00–27.50) × malar space; distance from posterior ocellus to occipital margin 2.12 (1.73–3.67) × distance between posterior ocelli; 1 st flagellomere 1.10 (0.90–1.27) × as long as scape, 1.25 (1.00–1.50) × as long as pedicel, 0.52 (0.36–0.75) × as long as 2 nd flagellomere. Color: dark brown to black; clypeus with anterior portion lighter than remaining; scape yellow brown to red brown, remaining antenna red brown to dark brown.

Mesosoma. Propleuron imbricate (with irregular striae in some specimens); pronotal process distinct; pronotum imbricate to rugulose, area between lobes rugulose; mesonotum rounded in lateral view ( Fig. 19d ); mesoscutum rugulose, with sparse punctation ( Fig. 19c ) (fine irregular striae present in some specimens); mesoscutelum rugulose; mesepisternum imbricate dorsally and areolate or rugulose ventrally; mesepimeron scrobiculate; metapleuron areolate or rugulose, ventral region with a reduced smooth portion or rugulose; propodeum areolate, longitudinal carina present or indistinct; metacoxa with fine striae (ill-defined striae in some specimens). Mesosoma (excluding propleuron) 1.89 (1.66–2.15) × as long as high; propleuron 1.78 (1.10–2.08) × longer than its largest wide, 1.19 (0.97–1.34) × pronotum length; metacoxa 2.85 (2.63–3.21) × as long as wide; metatibia 4.52 (3.31– 5.00) × as long as wide, 1.42 (1.28–1.50) × as long as femur, 2.95 (2.31–3.92) × as long as 1 st tarsomere. Fore wing discal cell subtriangular, petiolate, or absent (in 6% of the specimens) ( Figs. 1i–m ); hind wing with 3 hamuli (rarely

2 or 4), not or almost equidistant. Color: propleuron and mesonotum black to dark brown; pronotum, mesopleuron and metapleuron red brown (with some black areas in several specimens); propodeum red brown to black; fore and middle legs with coxa, trochanter, femur and tibia red brown to dark brown, tibia with a yellow longitudinal stripe, tarsus yellow, with apical tarsomeres gradually darker than basal ones; hind leg with coxa, trochanter, femur and tibia dark brown, subbasal portion of tibia yellow, tarsus entirely dark brown or distal part of 1 st tarsomere yellow.

Metasoma. Imbricate, 2.83 (2.52–3.22) × as long as mesosoma; subgenital sternun notched, Y-shaped; ovipositor sheath 0.99 (0.82–1.15) × as long as metasoma. Color: terga mostly dark brown, with posterior regions red brown; ovipositor sheath dark brown, with apex yellow brown.

Male. Similar to female; hind tarsus usually entirely dark brown.

Geographic distribution: Argentina (Chaco, Entre Ríos, Jujuy, Misiones, Salta, Santiago Del Estero , Tucumán), Brazil (Espírito Santo, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Paraguay.

Material examined. Gasteruption horni , syntype male ( DEIC): BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul: Porto Alegre .

Other material. ARGENTINA: Chaco: 5 km N Resistencia , 14.XI.1970, C. Porter & L.A. Stange, 1♂ ( IMLA) ; Entre Ríos: Pronunciamiento , XII.1964, 1♂ ( CNCI) ; Jujuy: Jujuy , 8.I.1966, H. & M. Townes, 1♀ ( AEIC) ; Misiones: Misiones , 26.VIII.1909, 2♂ ( MLPA) ; Salta: Yacochuia, Cafayete , 1950 m, 16–31.XII.1968, A. Willink, A. Terán & L.A. Stange, 1♂ ( IMLA) ; Pocitos , I.1972, M. Fritz, 2♀ ( AEIC) ; Tartagal , I.1972, M. Fritz, 1♀, 2♂ ( AEIC) ; Santiago Del Estero : Rio Salado , 1904, E. R. Wagner, 1♂ ( MLPA) ; Tucumán: Trancas, Tacanas , 11.IX–5.X.1968, 5–30.X.1968, L.A. Stange, 4♀ ( AEIC) ; Trancas, Tacanas , 1–30.XI.1968, L.A. Stange, 4♀ ( IMLA) ; BRAZIL: Espírito Santo: Santa Tereza , 8.XI.1964, C. Elias, 1♀ ( DZUP) ; Goiás: Jataí , XI.1972, I.1977, F.M. Oliveira, 1♀, 1♂ ( AEIC) ; Minas Gerais: Águas Vermelhas , 15 o 45'S 11 o 28'W, 800 m, XII.1983, M. Alvarenga, 1♀ ( AEIC) ; Paraná: Curitiba , 27.I.1975, S. Laroca, 1♂ ( DZUP) ; Rio de Janeiro: Represa Rio Grande , VI.1967, M. Alvarenga, 1♀ ( AEIC) ; Mangaratiba , VII.1969, M. Alvarenga, 1♀ ( AEIC) ; Santa Catarina: Nova Teutônia , 10.XII.1938, F. Plaumann, 1♂ ( BMNH) ; Nova Teutônia , 2.IX.1948, 21.XI.1960, II.1966, XI.1966, XI.1968, 12.XI.1968, F. Plaumann, 10♀ ( CNCI) ; Nova Teutônia , 25.IX.1952, X.1970, IX.1970, XII.1970, F. Plaumann, 10♀, 1♂ ( AEIC) ; Nova Teutônia , XI.1964, XI.1969, X.1974, XI.1974, XII.1974, IV.1975, F. Plaumann, 18♀, 9♂ ( DZUP) ; São Paulo: São José dos Campos, X.1933, H.S. Lopes, 1♀ ( MNRJ) ; PARAGUAY: Cordillera: Colonia Pirareta , 24.XII.1971, L.E. Peña, 1♂ ( AEIC) ; Paraguarí: Caballero , 24.XI.1971, L.E. Peña, 2♀ ( AEIC) .

Comments. The syntypes (1 female and 3 males) of G. parvum were not found and presumably were lost with part of Schrottky’s collection ( De Santis 1996; Rasmussen et al. 2009). The locality data cited by Schrottky (1906) in the description is PARAGUAY: Villa Encarnación, 6.II.1905, 10.II.1905, 11.II.1905. The characters in Schrottky’s description used to identify G. parvum were the ovipositor as long as metasoma and the discal cell present. Two males from MLPA were identified as G. parvum by L. de Santis.

Figures

FIGURE 1. a: Gasteruption bispinosum, habitus (scale bar: 1.0 mm); b: G. rafaeli, left fore wing (scale bar: 1.0 mm); c–m: Discal cell of left fore wing (without scale); c–e: G. bispinosum; f: G. hansoni; g–h: G. huberi (female and male); i–m: G. parvum.

FIGURE 19. Gasteruption parvum. a: head in dorsal view; b: head in lateral view; c: mesonotum in dorsal view; d: mesosoma in lateral view; e. habitus. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.