Glomeremus orchidophilus, Hugel & Micheneau & Fournel & Warren & Gauvin-Bialecki & Pailler & Chase & Strasberg, 2010

Hugel, S., Micheneau, C., Fournel, J., Warren, B. H., Gauvin-Bialecki, A., Pailler, T., Chase, M. W. & Strasberg, D., 2010, Glomeremus species from the Mascarene islands (Orthoptera, Gryllacrididae) with the description of the pollinator of an endemic orchid from the island of Réunion, Zootaxa 2545 (1), pp. 58-68 : 60-62

Glomeremus orchidophilus n. sp.

( Figs. 2, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19 , tab. 1)

Holotype. Male. Indian Ocean, Mascarene archipelago, la Réunion, Saint Philippe, hauts de Mare Longue, 421 m alt., 21°20’47’’S 55°44’22’’E; 13.XII.2005, S. Hugel, MNHN ( MNHN-ENSIF2642 ).

Allotype. Female. Same as holotype, 23.IV.2007, S. Hugel, MNHN ( MNHN-ENSIF2643 ).

Paratypes. Males. 1♂ la Réunion, Saint Benoît , Takamaka, Alt. 800 m, 21°05’26’’S 55°37’09’’E , 20.IV.2002, S. Hugel, MHNR. 1♂, same locality , 22.XI.2009, REU2009176, S. Hugel leg & coll. 1♂, la Réunion, Saint-Philippe , Basse Vallée , Vallée Heureuse , rempart Est, sentier du Puys Ramond, Alt. 896 m, 21°20’14’’S 55°42’15’’E ; 16.IV.2007, S. Hugel, BMNH. 1♂, la Réunion, Saint-Philippe , Basse Vallée , Vallée Heureuse , rempart Est, Alt. 700–900 m , 03.IV.2005, N. Cliquennois, S. Hugel coll. 1♂, la Réunion, Saint- Philippe , Basse Vallée , Vallée Heureuse, sentier de la source Repiquet, 805 m alt., 21°19’33’’S 55°41’52’’E , 11.XII.2005, S. Hugel, S. Hugel Coll. 1♂, same locality , 15.XI.2009, REU2009089, S. Hugel, S. Hugel Coll. 1♂, la Réunion, Saint Benoît , Grand Etang , chemin de l’Etang, Alt. 545 m, 21°05’46’’S 55°38’51’’E , 19.XI.2009, REU2009135, S. Hugel, MSIRI. 4♂, la Réunion, Ste Suzanne , forêt Dugain, Alt. 900 m, 20°59’14’’S 55°34’34’’E , 10.XII.2005, S. Hugel, CIRAD (1 spn); S. Hugel leg & coll (3 spn). Females. 1♀, la Réunion, Saint Philippe , hauts de Mare Longue, 500 m alt., 21°20’S 55°44’E , 29.XII.2002, S. Hugel leg & coll. 1♀, la Réunion, Saint Philippe , hauts de Mare Longue, 421 m alt., 21°20’47’’S 55°44’22’’E , 23.IV.2007, S. Hugel leg & coll. 1♀, la Réunion, Bras-Panon , Plaine des Lianes, forêt de la cascade du Chien, 800 m Alt., 21°02’’S 55°36’E , 09.04.2002, N. Cliquennois, MHNR. 1♀, la Réunion, Saint-Joseph , Hauts de Jacques Payet, Alt. 800 m, 21°20’23’’S 55°41’41’’E ; 11.XII.2005, S. Hugel leg & coll. 1♀, la Réunion, Saint Benoît , Grand Etang, chemin de l’Etang, Alt. 545 m, 21°05’46’’S 55°38’51’’E , 21.XII.2005, S. Hugel, CIRAD. 1♀, la Réunion, Saint Benoît , Takamaka, Alt. 800 m, 21°05’26’’S 55°37’09’’E , 22.XI.2009, REU2009177, S. Hugel leg & coll. 1♀, la Réunion, Ravine de la Grande Chaloupe, petit Bon Dieu (descente sur la crête), Alt. 620 m, 20°55’48’’S 55°23’’24’E, 04.XI.2009, REU2009002, S. Hugel leg & coll. 1♀, la Réunion, Saint-Philippe , Basse Vallée , Vallée Heureuse , rempart Est, Alt. 900 m , 16.V.2002, N. Cliquennois, S. Hugel Coll .

Diagnosis. Glomeremus orchidophilus n. sp. is very close to G. paraorchidophilus n. sp from Mauritius. Both species differ from all other Glomeremus species by the following characters: TI and TII with 4 ventral subapical spurs on both sides, in addition to the apical spur (3 in G.shelfordi ); FW reduced, but clearly distinct (all other Glomeremus species are wingless except G. tikasignatus n. sp., G. mediopictus Uvarov, 1957 , and G. feanus (Griffini, 1908)) ; occiput with a black triangle pointing the fastigium frontis ( Fig. 2 ; similar in G. falcifer (Sjöstedt, 1909)) ; head entirely black in G. feanus ; some black patterns on the face in G. glomerinus glomerinus (Gerstaecker, 1860) ; black pattern below the scrobus in G. marginatus (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1888); occiput and area below the scrobus black in G. nitidus (Karsch, 1893) ; male SGP with a distinct process between the styli, hind margin of the process with a median emargination (similar in G. nitidus , but emargination wider and deeper separating rounded lobes; SGP posterior margin broadly rounded with a shallow median emargination in G. mediopictus Uvarov, 1957 and G. pileatus (Krauss, 1902) ; no emargination in G. kilimandjaricus (Sjöstedt, 1909) , G. glomerinus knothae ( Griffini, 1909) , G. chimaera (Griffini, 1911) ; male cerci not particularly extended (extended and thin in G. brevifalcatus brevifalcatus (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1888); female SGP posterior margin shallowly concave or almost strait (with a shallow median emargination in G. brevifalcatus brevifalcatus ; with a distinct emargination in G. sphinx (Gerstaecker, 1860) ; with an obtuse “V”-shaped notch in G. sphingoides (Karny, 1929) ; broadly rounded, without emagination in G. marginatus ; without emargination in G. chimaera ). Ovipositor length <7.5 mm, <0.8 times FIII length (> 2 times FIII length G. shelfordi and G. sphingoides ; 1.2–1.7 times FIII length in G. marginatus , G.chimaera , G. obtusus (Karny, 1929) ; 0.9–1.1 times as long as FIII length in G. tikasignatus n. sp. and G. glomerinus); ovipositor dorsal valves with distinct ventrally directed protrusion near the basis ( Fig. 16–17 ; absent in all other species with known females); ovipositor falciform ( Fig. 16, 17 ; ovipositor roughly strait after the basis in G. feanus , G. glomerinus , G. sphinx , G. mediopictus , G. pileatus , G.shelfordi , G. sphingoides ).

Glomeremus orchidophilus n. sp. and Glomeremus paraorchidophilus n. sp. are distinguished by: the size (smaller in the latter, tables 1 & 2); male tergite X sclerites forming a downward/inward-directed lamellar process in the former ( Fig. 10, 13 ), forming an upwards/sideward-directed lamellar process in the latter ( Fig. 11, 14 ); male tergite IX distal end with a shallow emargination separating two bulges in the former (ventral/ posterior view; Fig. 13 ), with a deeper emargination separating two lobes in the latter (ventral/posterior view; Fig. 14 ); male SGP with a shallow notch on the terminal process and with styli exceeding the process in the former ( Fig. 7 ), with a deeper notch and with styli hardly exceeding the process in the latter ( Fig. 8 ); female SGP with a posterior bulge in the former ( Fig. 16, 19 ), with an anterior bulge in the latter ( Fig. 17, 20 ).

Description. In addition to generic characters. Body length: size small for the genus. Head: slightly broader than the thorax; fastigium frontis much wider than scapus; median and lateral ocelli weakly distinct.

Thorax. Pronotum: maximal width (including lateral lobes) slightly wider than long; anterior margin weakly convex (in dorsal view), arched; posterior margin strait or weakly concave (in dorsal view), almost horizontal; sulci not distinct on the discus, converging on lateral lobes. Wings. FW well distinct, at most half as long as Pro. Legs. TI and TII with usual spurs formula (4 pairs of subapical + 1 pair of apical spurs ventrally, and one single apical spur on TII posterior dorsal angle); subapical spurs of usual length (roughly at least as long as T width). Hind legs: femora 2.8–3.3 times as long as wide ( Fig. 4 ); FIII with 6–7 ventral anterior spines; FIII with 5–10 ventral posterior spines; TIII with 6–7 dorsal anterior spines; with 5–7 dorsal posterior spines. Abdomen. Stridulatory files present.

Sexual dimorphism: apart from primary sexual characters, ♂♂ and ♀♀ are similar, males are smaller.

Male: terminalia ( Fig. 7, 10, 13 ). Tergite VIII slightly extended posteriorly (compared to preceding tergites); posterior margin forming a 45° angle (in side view). Tergite IX vertically oriented (side view); distal end of tergite pointing ventrally (side view) with a shallow emargination separating two bulges (ventral/ posterior view; Fig. 13 ). Tergite X sclerites (see Hugel, 2009) forming a downward/inward-directed lamellar process ( Fig. 10, 13 ). Cerci not elongated ( Fig. 13 ). SGP distal end with a distinct process between the styli; lateral margins of the process converging; process with a shallow posterior emargination ( Fig. 7 ); styli distinctly exceeding the SGP distal process; styli not thickened ( Fig. 8 ). Female: sternite before SGP (VII) not modified; SGP ( Figs. 16, 19 ); with posterior bulge (side view, Fig. 16 ) posterior margin shallowly concave ( Fig. 19 ); with two distal lateral sclerifications. Ovipositor regularly arched, regularly narrowing towards the apex; pointing distally, 0.65 – 0.75 times as long as FIII, dorsal valves with a distinct ventrally directed protrusion near the basis.

Colour: general coloration brown yellowish; occiput with a black pattern forming a triangle pointing on the fastigium frontis (as in G. paraorchidophilus n. sp.; Fig. 2 ); pronotum with a black pattern on the anterior margin, forming a triangle pointing backwards, sometimes with a black sagittal line; legs without black pattern; knees sometimes darkened; anterior part of abdominal tergites darkened.

Figures

FIGURES 2–21. Glomeremus of the Mascarene islands. 2, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, Glomeremus orchidophilus n. sp. 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, Glomeremus paraorchidophilus n. sp. 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, Glomeremus tikasignatus n. sp. 2, 3, head in frontal view. 4–6, left hind femora in side view. 7–9, male subgenital plate in ventral view. 10–12, scan electron microscope picture of male tergite X right sclerite. 13–15, male terminalia (SGP removed) in ventral/posterior view. 16– 18, female terminalia in right side view. 19–21, female subgenital plate and basis of ovipositor in ventral view. Bars: 1 mm.