Gonatopus lucens ( Olmi, 1984 )

Xu, Zaifu, Olmi, Massimo & He, Junhua, 2013, Dryinidae of the Oriental region (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea), Zootaxa 3614 (1), pp. 1-460 : 392-395

1. Gonatopus lucens ( Olmi, 1984)

( Plate 122C, E )

Neogonatopus lunatus (Klug) : Móczár 1979: 83 (misidentified).

Haplogonatopus sp. 2 : Chandra 1978a: 21; Chandra 1978b: 6; Chandra 1980a: 128; Chandra 1980b: 167.

Tetrodontochelys lucens Olmi 1984: 1461 ; Barrion 2002: 71.

Haplogonatopus atratus Esaki & Hashimoto : Koyama 1989: 55 (misidentified); Koyama & Mitsuhashi 1989: 132 (misidentified).

Pseudogonatopus nr. ponomarenkoi Móczár : Bottenberg et al. 1990: 5.

Gonatopus lucens (Olmi) : Guglielmino & Olmi 1997: 224–231; He & Xu 2002: 326; Guglielmino & Olmi 2006: 49, 50, 51; Mita 2009a: 117.

Gonatopus guangxiensis Xu & He in Xu et al. 1999b: 86 (synonymized by He & Xu 2002); type locality: Nanning City (Guangxi, China); He & Xu 2002: 327.

Description of Female. Apterous; length 2.4–3.1 mm. Testaceous-reddish (dark or light) or yellow, except petiole black; occasionally vertex of head and metasoma brownish; occasionally antenna partly darkened. Antenna clavate; antennal segments in following proportions: 6:4:7:5:5:5:5:4:4:6. Head excavated, shiny, smooth, unsculptured, except occiput granulated; frontal line complete; occipital carina incomplete, only shortly present on sides of posterior ocelli; POL = 5; OL = 4; OOL = 15. Palpal formula 3/2 or 4/2. Pronotum shiny, smooth, unsculptured, not crossed by transverse impression. Scutum shiny, sculptured by some longitudinal keels, without lateral pointed apophyses. Metanotum inclined, not hollow behind scutellum, smooth, unsculptured, with sides rounded. Metathorax + propodeum with anterior surface shiny, smooth, unsculptured, and posterior surface transversely striate; occasionally anterior surface dull and granulated, with or without strong median longitudinal furrow, occasionally with track of median furrow. Mesopleuron and metapleuron not transversely striate or weakly striate. Meso-metapleural suture obsolete. Protarsal segments in following proportions: 10:2:3:10:14. Enlarged claw ( Plate 122E ) with one small subapical tooth and five peg-like hairs. Segment 5 of protarsus ( Plate 122E ) with short inner proximal serrate margin, with one row of 16–20 lamellae; distal apex with eight–ten lamellae. Tibial spurs 1/0/1.

Description of Male. Fully winged; length 1.7 mm. Head black, except mandible and clypeus testaceous; antenna brown; mesosoma black; metasoma brown; legs yellow. Antenna hairy, filiform; antennal segments in following proportions: 4:3.5:5:4.5:4.5:4.5:4.5:4.5:4:6.5; antennal segment 3 less than four times as long as broad (5:1.5). Head shiny, slightly punctate and weakly granulated; vertex laterally without two shiny and smooth areas situated between posterior ocelli and eyes; frontal line absent; occipital carina absent; occiput concave; temple distinct; POL = 5; OL = 2; OOL = 1; greatest breadth of the posterior ocelli about as long as OL. Palpal formula 3/2. Scutum shiny, punctate and weakly granulated. Notauli incomplete, reaching approximately 0.4 length of scutum. Scutellum and metanotum shiny, smooth, finely punctate, unsculptured among punctures. Propodeum completely shiny, smooth, unsculptured; dorsal surface of propodeum without median longitudinal furrow. Fore wing hyaline, without dark transverse bands; stigmal vein regularly curved, with distal part much longer than proximal part. Dorsal process of paramere ( Plate 122C ) short and transverse. Tibial spurs 1/1/2.

Material examined. Types: ♀ holotype of G. lucens : INDONESIA: Java, Pekalongan ( BPBM); ♀ holotype of G. guangxiensis : CHINA: Guangxi, Nanning City, 108°03'N 22°08'E, IX.1983, Shaolong Yang reared from Nephotettix cincticeps ( Uhler ) (ZJUC). Paratypes of G. lucens : INDONESIA: same locality label as holotype, 1♀ ( AMNH); MALAYSIA: Sabah, Papar, 1♀ ( KYC); Tuaran , 1♀ ( KYC); MALAYSIA: Sarawak, 1 st Division, Paloh , Payah , 2♀♀ NMNH) ( Móczár 1979, misidentified Neogonatopus lunatus Klug ); PHILIPPINES: Camarines Sur, Pili , 2♀♀ ( KYC). Paratype of G. guangxiensis : CHINA: Guangxi, Nanning City, IX.1983, Shaolong Yang reared from Recilia dorsalis ( Motschulsky ), 1♀ ( ZJUC). Other material. CHINA: Taiwan, Taichung, Wanfeng Hill , 4–8.VII.1981, W.S. Tang leg., 1♀ ( TARI). JAPAN: Ogasawara Islands, Haha-jima, Hyogidaira , 10.VI.2007, 13.VI.2007, T. Mita leg., 2♀♀ ( ELKU) ( Mita , 2009a); same locality label, reared from Cicadellid, parasitized host collected 10.VI.2007, dryinid cocooning 10.VI.2007, dryinid adult emerged 4.VII.2007, 1♀ ( ELKU) ( Mita , 2009a); same locality label, parasitized host collected 10.VI.2007, dryinid adult emerged 7.VII.2007, 1♀ ( ELKU) ( Mita , 2009a); same locality label, parasitized host collected 10.VI.2007, dryinid cocooning 11.VI.2007, 1♀ ( ELKU) ( Mita , 2009a); same locality label, parasitized host collected 10.VI.2007, dryinid adult emerged 4.VII.2007, 1♀ ( ELKU) ( Mita , 2009a); Ogasawara Islands, Haha-jima, Mt. Chibusa-yama, 12.VI.2007, T. Mita leg., 2♀♀ ( ELKU) ( Mita , 2009a); Ogasawara Islands, Chichi-jima, Oogamiyama-koen, 17.VI.2007, T. Mita leg., 3♀♀ ( ELKU) ( Mita , 2009a); Ryukyu Islands, Okinawa, Iriomote-jima, Ôtomirindô, 11.IX.2004, 7.X.2004, M. Sato leg., 2♀♀ ( ELKU) ( Mita , 2009a). MALAYSIA: Malaya, Serdang ( DBUS); Sabah, Peter Thien ( BMNH); Sabah, 6.XI.1974, parasite of Nephotettix virescens, P. Thien leg., 1♀ ( BMNH). PHILIPPINES: Luzon Island, Laguna, Los Baños ( IRRI, AMNH); Luzon Island, Laguna, 4 Km E Los Baños , 14°10'N 121°15'E ( IRRI, AMNH). Palaearctic: CHINA: Inner Mongolia, Xinganmeng ( He & Xu , 2002). JAPAN: Kyushu , Fukuoka Pref., Nokonoshima , Makinokami-koen, 26.IV.2007, T. Mita leg., 4♀♀ ( ELKU) ( Mita , 2009a); same locality label, reared from Cicadellid, parasitized host collected 26.IV.2007, dryinid cocooning 30.IV.2007, dryinid adult emerged 24.V.2007, 1♀ ( ELKU) ( Mita , 2009a); same locality label, parasitized host collected 26.IV.2007, dryinid cocooning 29.IV.2007, dryinid adult emerged 20.V.2007, 1♀ ( ELKU) ( Mita , 2009a); same locality label, parasitized host collected 26.IV.2007, dryinid cocooning 1.V.2007, dryinid adult emerged 25.V.2007, 2♀♀ ( ELKU) ( Mita , 2009a); same locality label, parasitized host collected 26.IV.2007, dryinid cocooning 30.IV.2007, dryinid adult emerged 22.V.2007, 1♀ ( ELKU) ( Mita , 2009a); same locality label, parasitized host collected 21.IV.2007, dryinid cocooning 26.IV.2007, dryinid adult emerged 20.V.2007, 1♀ ( ELKU) ( Mita , 2009a); same locality label, 21.IV.2007, 1♂ ( ELKU) ( Mita , 2009a). SOUTH KOREA: Daegu, Dong-gu, Bullo-dong Tomb Park, 22–23.VIII.2007, T. Mita leg., 1♀ ( ELKU) ( Mita , 2009a ).

Hosts. Cicadellidae ( Guglielmino & Olmi, 1997, 2006): in China (Guangxi): Nephotettix cincticeps (Uhler) ( Xu et al., 1999a, misidentified Gonatopus guangxiensis Xu & He ); Recilia dorsalis (Motschulsky) ( Xu et al., 1999a, misidentified G. guangxiensis Xu & He ); in Japan: Cicadulina bipunctata (Melichar) , Doratulina producta (Matsumura) , Psammotettix striatus Linnaeus ( Mita, 2009a) ; in Malaysia (Malaya): Nephotettix malayanus Ishihara & Kawase ( Guglielmino & Olmi, 1997) ; Nephotettix nigropictus (Stål) ; in the Philippines: Nephotettix nigropictus (Stål) ( Chandra, 1980a, 1980b, misidentified Haplogonatopus sp. 2 ); Recilia dorsalis (Motschulsky) ( Barrion, 2002) ; in Malaysia (Sabah): Nephotettix virescens (Distant) ; in Malaysia ( Sarawak): Nephotettix virescens (Distant) ( Móczár, 1979, misidentified G. lunatus Klug ; Bottenberg et al., 1990, misidentified Pseudogonatopus nr. ponomarenkoi Móczár ); Nephotettix nigropictus (Stål) ( Móczár, 1979, misidentified G. lunatus Klug ; Bottenberg et al., 1990, misidentified Pseudogonatopus nr. ponomarenkoi Móczár ); Nephotettix malayanus Ishihara & Kawase ( Bottenberg et al., 1990, misidentified Pseudogonatopus nr. ponomarenkoi Móczár ); Recilia dorsalis (Motschulsky) ( Móczár, 1979, misidentified G. lunatus Klug ; Bottenberg et al. 1990, misidentified Pseudogonatopus nr. ponomarenkoi Móczár ).

Many authors, among which Chandra (1978a, 1978b, 1980a, 1980b), recorded G. lucens as parasitoid of Delphacidae . These records are a mistake. The above authors mistook G. lucens for Haplogonatopus apicalis R. Perkins or H. atratus Esaki & Hashimoto. Same errors were made by Koyama (1989) and Koyama & Mitsuhashi (1989): their H. atratus Esaki & Hashimoto is really G. lucens (Olmi) if its hosts are Cicadellidae .

Distribution. China (Guangxi, Taiwan, Inner Mongolia), Indonesia (Java), Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak, Malaya), Philippines (Camarines Sur, Luzon), Japan (Ogasawara, Ryukyus, Kyushu), South Korea (Daegu).

Remarks. The female of G. lucens is very similar to that of G. pulicarius Klug, 1810 , spread in the Palaearctic. Unluckily the male of G. pulicarius is unknown, so that it is impossible to solve the doubt that they are synonyms. The drawing of genitalia by Mita (2009a) is wrong (1♂ specimen collected in Japan, Makinokami-koen, 21.IV.2007, and identified by the same Mita was examined by one of the authors (Olmi)). The correct drawing is that of plate 122C.

Figures

PLATE 122. A. Male, lateral view. B–D. Male genitalia. E. Chela, holotype. A. Gonatopus flavifemur (=Dicondylus indianus Olmi) from India. Length 2.6 mm. B. G. flavifemur from Australia. C. G. lucens from Japan. D. G. pedestris from Finland. E. G. lucens. Scale bar 0.17 mm for B, 0.10 mm for C, 0.15 mm for D and 0.19 mm for E. (From Olmi 1984).