Hadruroides juanchaparroi, Ochoa & Prendini, 2010

Ochoa, José A. & Prendini, Lorenzo, 2010, The Genus Hadruroides Pocock, 1893 (Scorpiones: Iuridae), in Peru: New Records and Descriptions of Six New Species, American Museum Novitates 2010 (3687), pp. 1-56 : 36-39

Hadruroides juanchaparroi , n. sp.

Figures 2 , 3C , 5A , 18, 19, 20A, B, D–F, 21; table 2

TYPE MATERIAL: PERU: La Libertad Department: Trujillo Province: Holotype ♂, paratype ♂ ( MHNC), 2 ♂ paratypes ( AMNH), Cerro Campana , 07 ° 58 ' 08 " S 79 ° 05 ' 59 " W, 450 m, 15.xi.2004, J.C. Chaparro, J. Nuñez and J.A. Ochoa. Ancash Department: Santa Province : 2 ♂ paratypes ( AMNH), 1 ♂, 1 ♀ paratypes ( MHNC), Chimbote, Caleta Santa, 08 ° 59 ' 25.8 " S 78 ° 39 ' 12.9 " W, 13.5 m, 4.i.2008, R. Gutiérrez, D. Apaza and J.A. Ochoa.

ETYMOLOGY: The specific name is a patronym honoring Peruvian herpetologist, Juan Carlos Chaparro (Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad, Cusco), in recognition of his help and participation in several fieldtrips in Peru.

DIAGNOSIS: Hadruroides juanchaparroi appears most closely similar to H. lunatus in the following respects: the VSM carinae are absent and the VL carinae obsolete on metasomal segments I–IV; sternite VII is acarinate; the EM carinae of the leg patella are absent; the fixed finger of the pedipalp chela of the adult male is curved, creating a distinct proximal gap with the movable finger when the fingers are closed; the granulation of metasomal segment V and telson are similar; and the relative dimensions of the pedipalp chela, metasomal segment V, and telson are similar. The two species may be distinguished as follows: H. juanchaparroi is smaller in size, reaching ca. 32 mm in total length (♂), compared with H. lunatus , which reaches 45 mm; the proximal gap between the pedipalp chela fingers of the male is less pronounced in H. juanchaparroi than in H. lunatus . There are also some differences in pigmentation between the two species: the dorsosubmedian spots on the tergites are rectangular in H. lunatus ( fig. 20C ) and irregular in H. juanchaparroi ( fig. 20D ); H. lunatus lacks pigmentation on sternite VII and metasomal segment I whereas several spots surround the insertion of setae on these segments in H. juanchaparroi ( fig. 20E ); the pigmentation pattern on the ventral surfaces of metasomal segments II–IV is similar in the two species, but the stripes and spots are less evident and may be vestigial in some adult specimens of H. lunatus . The most important difference between the two species is the shape of hemispermatophore, which is slender with a small crest in H. juanchaparroi ( fig. 21A, C ), but broader basally with a relatively longer crest in H. lunatus .

DESCRIPTION: Based on the holotype and paratypes. Measurements of the holotype ♂ and a paratype ♀ are recorded in table 2 .

Color: Base color yellowish, except for pedipalp chela, metasomal segment V, and telson, which are brownish yellow. Carapace markedly pigmented, especially laterally, where two oblique stripes extend from median to anterolateral margins; ocular tubercle darker; anteromedian longitudinal sulcus markedly pigmented; four irregular spots situated near posterior margin; anterior margin with band of pigmentation connecting lateral ocelli. Tergites I –VI each with four irregular spots, two submedian and two sublateral, occasionally joining weakly at anterior margin; pretergites with two lateral spots ( fig. 20D ); VII faintly pigmented laterally, depigmented medially. Sternites III–VI depigmented; VII with eight small spots surrounding insertion of setae ( fig. 20E ). Metasomal segments I–IV, dorsal surfaces faintly pigmented along DL carinae and granulation, occasionally with two submedian spots medially (as in holotype); lateral surfaces pigmented in posterior half; ML and LIM carinae pigmented; ventral surfaces with two stripes along VL carinae, joining posteriorly to lateral pigmentation on segments II–IV, often also with spots surrounding insertion of setae: usually with 2+2 spots on segment I, 3+3 on segments II and III, and 4+4 or 5+5 spots on segment IV ( fig. 20E ). Metasomal segment V, dorsal and lateral surfaces markedly pigmented in posterior half; ventral surface with two stripes along VL carinae, connected to lateral pigmentation in posterior half, additionally with 12–15 spots; VM carina discontinuously pigmented medially ( fig. 20E ). Cheliceral manus and fingers usually markedly pigmented, less so in specimens from Caleta Santa. Pedipalp femur pigmented along DI and DE carinae, and near articulations, densely so in some specimens; internal surfaces spotted; external surface with stripe along EM carinae. Patella markedly spotted on dorsal, internal, and external surfaces. Legs pigmented on prolateral surfaces.

Chelicerae: Typical of genus; surfaces smooth; dorsal surface with two macrosetae situated near base of fingers.

Carapace: Anterior margin with weak median projection and 8–9 macrosetae; surfaces coarsely granular, especially where pigmented, except for anterior third which is smooth; anteromedian longitudinal sulcus obsolete, bordered by few granules posteriorly; posteromedian longitudinal and posterolateral sulci well developed; median ocular sulcus obsolete; ocular tubercle well developed.

Pedipalps: Femur with VI, DI, and DE carinae complete, granular; VM present in proximal half of segment; VE vestigial ( fig. 19E ); dorsal surface with few scattered granules; internal surface with prominent granules medially; ventral surfaces smooth. Patella with DI and VI carinae complete, granular; DPP and VPP with prominent spiniform granules proximally ( fig. 19F ). Chela robust, with relatively elongated fingers; surfaces smooth and acarinate ( fig. 19B–D ); fixed finger of adult ♂ strongly curved and lobed, creating distinct proximal gap with movable finger when fingers are closed, which is weakly developed in ♀. Movable finger, median denticle row comprising six subrows; one or two internal and external accessory denticles flanking subrows II and III; distal three subrows without external accessory denticles ( fig. 20F ).

Trichobothrial pattern: Typical of genus; femur with three trichobothria, patella with 20, chela with 26; chelal trichobothrium eb situated in line with proximal gap between fixed and movable fingers (♂); trichobothrium Et 5 situated level with Et 4 ( fig. 19C ).

Legs: Prolateral surfaces granular; retrolateral surfaces smooth. Leg III, femur tetracarinate, DI and DE carinae obsolete, VI and EM well developed; patella, DE carinae comprising few granules in proximal third of segment, DM comprising few granules proximally, DI present in distal half, IM comprising four or five granules medially, VI comprising few granules distally, EM absent. Telotarsus with 8–13 ventromedian spinule clusters (setaceous tufts).

Tergites: Pretergites finely granular (♂) or smooth (♀). Post-tergites I – VI, surfaces finely granular, slightly more so laterally; VII coarsely granular, with four well-developed longitudinal carinae .

Sternum: Subpentagonal; surface granular medially, with 6 macrosetae; posterolateral surfaces granular; median sulcus well developed.

Pectines: Pectinal tooth count: 16–18 (♂), 11–11 (♀).

Sternites: Sternites III–VI, surfaces smooth (♀) or becoming slightly matte laterally (♂); spiracles narrow, situated in posterior half of segment; VII, surface smooth, acarinate, only a few small granules evident in position of VL carinae.

Metasoma: Segments I–IV, dorsal surfaces coarsely granular, less so on IV; DL and ML carinae complete; LIM carinae complete on segment I, restricted to posterior half of II, and posterior third of III, absent on IV; surfaces between DL and ML carinae granular on segments I–III; VL carinae obsolete, smooth on segments I–III, comprising few granules on IV ( fig. 19A ); VSM carinae absent on all segments. Segment V short ( figs. 19A, G , 20B); DL carinae complete; VL carinae complete but well developed in posterior three-quarters of segment; VM carinae complete but obscured by granulation of ventral surface; dorsal and lateral surfaces smooth. Segment I with two pairs of ventral setae; II and III each with three pairs; IV with five pairs; V with 11–15 ventral setae and 4–7 additional setae along posterior margin.

Telson: Vesicle, surfaces sparsely setose, ventral surface sparsely granular anteriorly (♂) or densely granular (♀) ( figs. 19A , 20A).

Hemispermatophore: Distal lamina slender, slightly curved, with apex rounded; crest equal to or less than half lamina length; basal portion slender ( fig. 21 ).

Variation: Total length: ♂, 31.9–35.8 (mean = 33.8, n = 7); ♀, 33.6. Pedipalp chela, length:width ratio: ♂, 3.29–3.70 (mean = 3.48, n = 7); ♀, 3.49; length:height ratio: ♂, 3.00–3.34 (mean = 3.18, n = 7); ♀, 3.32. Pedipalp femur, length:width ratio: ♂, 3.00– 3.33 (mean = 3.17, n = 7); ♀, 3.00. Pectinal tooth count: ♂ (n = 14), 16 (n = 3), 17 (10), 18 (1); ♀, 11 (2). Metasomal segment V, length:width ratio: ♂, 2.04–2.33 (mean = 2.14, n = 7) ; ♀, 1.97; length:height ratio: ♂, 2.09–2.29 (mean = 2.19, n = 7); ♀, 2.02; number of setae: dorsolateral (n = 16): 5 (n = 1), 6 (5), 8 (9), 9 (1); lateral (n = 16): 5 (5), 6 (8), 7 (3); ventrolateral (n = 16): 8 (9), 9 (6), 10 (1); ventral (n = 7): 11 (3), 12 (1), 13 (1), 14 (1), 15 (1). Telson, length:height ratio: ♂, 3.15–3.40 (mean = 3.26, n = 6); ♀, 3.06. Telotarsus, number of ventromedian spinule clusters (setaceous tufts): III (n = 16) , 8 (n = 1), 9 (3), 10 (9), 11 (3); IV (n = 15) , 11 (7), 12 (3), 13 (5).

DISTRIBUTION: This species is presently known from only two localities in northern Peru, Cerro Campana (450 m) and Caleta Salta (13 m), close to the coast. Both localities occur in the Pacific desert ecoregion ( Brack, 1986; fig. 2).

ECOLOGY: Hadruroides juanchaparroi was collected at night with UV light detection. At the type locality (Cerro Campana), a typical Lomas biotope ( Péfaur, 1981) with shrub vegetation and columnar cacti (fig. 3C), specimens were observed climbing on terrestrial bromeliads ( Bromeliaceae ), a behavior previously described for H. aguilari ( Francke and Soleglad, 1980) . At Caleta Santa, the species was collected in an area with shrub vegetation.

Figures

Fig. 2. Map of Peru, plotting known locality records of Hadruroides Pocock, 1893. Hadruroides carinatus Pocock, 1900, open circles. Hadruroides charcasus (Karsch, 1879), solid squares. Hadruroides chinchaysuyu, n. sp., diamonds. Hadruroides juanchaparroi, n. sp., solid circles. Hadruroides lunatus (L. Koch, 1867), open squares. Hadruroides mauryi Francke and Soleglad, 1980, open triangles. Undetermined Hadruroides species, stars.

Fig. 3. Hadruroides Pocock, 1893, habitats in Peru. A. Puchaca Alto (Lambayeque Department), habitat of Hadruroides leopardus Pocock, 1900. B. Balsas (Cajamarca Department), habitat of Hadruroides geckoi, n. sp. C. Cerro Campana (La Libertad Department), habitat of Hadruroides juanchaparroi, n. sp. D. Wari (Ayacucho Department), habitat of Hadruroides bustamantei Ochoa and Chaparro, 2008. E. Isla Santa (Ancash Department), habitat of Hadruroides tishqu, n. sp. F. Playa Vichayitos (Piura Department), habitat of Hadruroides vichayitos, n. sp. G. Lomas de Lachay (Lima Department), habitat of Hadruroides lunatus (L. Koch, 1867).

Fig. 5. Hadruroides Pocock, 1893, habitus in life. A. Hadruroides juanchaparroi, n. sp., ♂. B. Hadruroides leopardus Pocock, 1900, ♂. C. Hadruroides lunatus (L. Koch, 1867), ♀. D. Hadruroides vichayitos, n. sp., ♂. E. Hadruroides tishqu, n. sp., ♂.

Fig. 20. Hadruroides Pocock, 1893, diagnostic characters. A, B. Hadruroides juanchaparroi, n. sp., paratype ♀ (MHNC). A. Telson, lateral aspect. B. Metasomal segment V, lateral aspect. C. Hadruroides lunatus (L. Koch, 1867), ♀ (AMNH), tergite V, dorsal aspect showing pigmentation pattern. D–F. H. juanchaparroi, paratype ♂ (MHNC). D. Tergite IV, dorsal aspect showing pigmentation pattern. E. Sternite VII and metasomal segments I–V, ventral aspect showing pigmentation pattern. F. Dextral pedipalp chela, movable finger, dorsal aspect showing dentition. G. Hadruroides geckoi, n. sp., paratype ♂ (MHNC), dextral pedipalp chela, movable finger, dorsal aspect showing dentition. H. Hadruroides vichayitos, n. sp., paratype ♂ (MHNC), dextral pedipalp chela, movable finger, dorsal aspect showing dentition. Scale bars 5 1 mm.

Fig. 21. Hadruroides juanchaparroi, n. sp., paratype ³ (MHNC), sinistral hemispermatophore. A. Ental aspect. B. Dorsal aspect. C. Ectal aspect. D. Ventral aspect. Scale bar 5 0.5 mm.

Fig. 19. Hadruroides juanchaparroi, n. sp., holotype ♂ (MHNC). A. Metasomal segments IV, V and telson, lateral aspect. B. Dextral pedipalp chela, ventral aspect. C. Dextral pedipalp chela, external aspect. D. Dextral pedipalp chela, ventrointernal aspect. E. Dextral pedipalp femur, dorsal aspect. F. Dextral pedipalp patella, dorsal aspect. G. Metasomal segment V, ventral aspect. Scale bars 5 1 mm.