Hadruroides lunatus (L. Koch, 1867 )

Ochoa, José A. & Prendini, Lorenzo, 2010, The Genus Hadruroides Pocock, 1893 (Scorpiones: Iuridae), in Peru: New Records and Descriptions of Six New Species, American Museum Novitates 2010 (3687), pp. 1-56 : 40-42

Hadruroides lunatus (L. Koch, 1867)

Figures 2 , 3G , 5C , 20C

Telegonus lunatus L. Koch, 1867: 235–237 .

Hadrurus parvulus Karsch, 1879: 135 (synonymized by Kraepelin, 1894: 207; confirmed by Armas, 1984: 1); Moritz and Fischer, 1980: 322.

Hadrurus robustus Boeris, 1889: 125 , 126 (synonymized by Kraepelin, 1894: 207).

Hadruroides lunatus: Kraepelin, 1894: 207 (part), 1899: 188 (part); Pocock, 1900: 474; Kraepelin, 1901: 274 (part?); Chamberlin, 1920: 35 (part); Banks, 1924: 95; Mello-Leitão, 1942: 130, 1945: 120 (part); Weidner, 1959: 103; Bücherl, 1964: 61; Cekalovic, 1966: 3; Aguilar, 1968: 166, 167, 169, 171, figs. 1, 2, 5, 6A, 6D; Bücherl, 1969: 768; Aguilar and Meneses, 1970: 2, 4; Bücherl, 1971: 328; Vachon, 1974, fig. 16 (5); Maury, 1975: 13–15, figs. 11–22 , 46, 47; Aguilar, 1977: 91, fig. 4; Aguilar and Türkowsky, 1977: 83; Francke, 1977: 75; Francke and Soleglad, 1980: 7, 1981: 238, 244, figs. 27–29; Armas, 1984: 1; Flórez, 1990: 124; Lourenço, 1994: 157, 1995: 74, 1997a: 601; Kovařík, 1998: 135; Sissom and Fet, 2000: 412; Lourenço and Dastych, 2001: 56 (part); Escobar et al., 2002: 4, 2003: 89; Iannacone, 2003: 86; Teruel, 2003: 237; Fet et al., 2004: 24; Ochoa, 2005: 53; Ochoa and Chaparro, 2008: 5.

Hadruroides parvulus: Williams, 1970: 31 .

Hadruroides robustus: Williams, 1970: 31 .

TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype ♀ [ Telegonus lunatus ] ( ZMH), ‘‘ South America. ’’ Seven syntypes [ Hadrurus parvulus ] ( ZMB 3059 ), four syntypes ( ZMB 3013 ) [lost], ‘‘ India occid.’’ Syntypes [ Hadrurus robustus ] ( MCSNG?), PERU: Lima .

NEW RECORDS: PERU: Lima Department: Cañete Province: Quebrada Chillca , 7 km E Santa María (12 ° 28 ' S 76 ° 42 ' W, 100 m), 28.v.1969, O.F. Francke, 1 ♂, 7 ♀, 15 juv. ( AMNH) . Huaral Province: Lomas Iguanil (11 ° 28 ' S 77 ° 09 ' W, 330 m), viii.1975, P. Aguilar, 2 ♂, 4 ♀, 1 juv. ( AMNH) ; Lomas Lachay , 11 ° 21 ' 34 " S 77 ° 22 ' 06 " W, 380 m, 11.xii.2008, L. Nizama, E. Carrillo and J.A. Ochoa, 6 ♂, 4 ♀ ( AMNH) , 7 ♂, 4 ♀ ( MHNC) ; Huayopampa (11 ° 21 ' 05 " S 76 ° 49 ' 21 " W, 1950 m), 29.vii.1985, E. Perez, 1 ♀ ( MUSM) . Huarochiri Province: Songos, 62 km from Chosica on road to La Oroya (11 ° 54 ' S 76 ° 30 ' W, 1600 m), 14.xi.2004, J.C. Chaparro and J.A. Ochoa, 2 ♂, 2 ♀ ( MHNC) . Lima Province: Isla Pachacamac (12 ° 18 ' 07 " S 76 ° 54 ' 08 " W), 20.iv.1973, M. Ortiz and P. Aguilar, 1 ♀ ( AMNH) ; Chosica , El Bosque (11 ° 56 ' 34 " S 76 ° 42 ' 11 " W, 830 m), 28.ix.1972, A. Esquerre, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( AMNH) ; Cieneguilla , 6 km W (12 ° 05 ' S 76 ° 50 ' W), ca. 400 m, 30.xii.1975, O.F. Francke, 4 ♂, 13 ♀, 17 juv. ( AMNH) ; Cieneguilla (12 ° 05 ' 07 " S 76 ° 46 ' 16 " W, 380 m), vi.1986, A. Tejada, 2 ♂, 3 ♀ ( MUSM) ; CIP, La Molina (12 ° 04 ' 52 " S 76 ° 56 ' 13 " W, 254 m), 8.vi.1983, F.D. Bennett, 1 ♀ ( AMNH) ; Lima, 31 km on road to Canta, ca. 400 m, O.F. Francke, 1 ♀ ( AMNH) ; Lima, 89 km on road to Canta , 1800 m, 8.i.1976, O.F. Francke, 2 ♂, 10 ♀, 32 juv. ( AMNH) ; Jesus María (12 ° 04 ' 26 " S 77 ° 02 ' 08 " W, 119 m), 15.ii.1986, L. Sarmiento, 1 ♂ ( MUSM) , 18.xii. 1989, M. Medina, 1 ♂ ( MUSM) ; Lomas Atocongo (ca. 12 ° 08 ' S 76 ° 55 ' W, 730 m), 9.ix.1983, L. Romero, 1 ♂, 2 juv. ( MUSM) ; Lomas San Bartolo (ca. 12 ° 22 ' S 76 ° 42 ' W, 530 m), 23.xi.1954, 1 juv. ( MUSM) ; Pantanos de Villa (12 ° 13 ' 04 " S 76 ° 59 ' 15 " W, 2 m), 21.viii.1994, D. Silva and J. Duárez, 1 ♂ ( MUSM) , 25.viii.1994, S. Cordova, D. Florindez, M. Samané and J. Duárez, 1 ♂ ( MUSM) . Oyón Province: Churín (10 ° 48 ' 39 " S 76 ° 51 ' 58 " W, 2290 m), 1.ix.1969, O.F. Francke, 2 ♀, 7 juv. ( AMNH) .

DIAGNOSIS: Hadruroides lunatus appears to be most closely related to H. aguilari , H. juanchaparroi , and H. tishqu , based on the similar carination of sternite VII and metasomal segments I–IV. Hadruroides lunatus may be distinguished from these species by means of the pigmentation pattern of the tergites and metasomal segments, the ventral carinae of metasomal segment V, the granulation of the ventral surface of the telson, the dimensions of the pedipalp chela, and the shape of the hemispermatophore. Haduroides lunatus may be separated from H. aguilari as follows: the pedipalp chela fixed finger of the adult male is curved, creating a distinct proximal gap with the movable finger when the fingers are closed, in H. lunatus , whereas the fixed and movable fingers of the adult male are straight, such that no proximal gap is evident when the fingers are closed, in H. aguilari ; metasomal segment II is as wide as long, and V (♂) is approximately twice as long as wide in H. lunatus , whereas segment II is longer than wide and V (♂) is approximately three times longer than wide in H. aguilari . Hadruroides lunatus may be distinguished from H. juanchaparroi by means of its larger size: H. lunatus reaches ca. 45 mm in total length, compared with H. juanchaparroi , which reaches ca. 32 mm in total length. Hadruroides lunatus may also be differentiated from H. juanchaparroi and H. tishqu based on pigmentation pattern: the dorsosubmedian spots on the tergites are rectangular in H. lunatus ( fig. 20C ), irregular in H. juanchaparroi ( fig. 20D ) and faint to absent in H. tishqu ( fig. 24B ); H. lunatus lacks pigmentation on sternite VII and metasomal segment I whereas several spots surround the insertion of setae on these segments in H. juanchaparroi ( fig. 20E ); the pigmentation pattern on the ventral surfaces of metasomal segments II–IV is well developed in H. lunatus , but absent in H. tishqu . Furthermore, the ventral surface of the telson is granular in the female H. lunatus , but smooth in both sexes of H. tishqu ( fig. 23A, C ). The pedipalp chela is more slender in H. lunatus than in H. tishqu : the length:width ratio (♂) is 3.44–3.54 in H. lunatus and 2.98–3.34 in H. tishqu . The shape of hemispermatophore provides additional diagnostic features: the lamina and basal portion are broader basally with a relatively longer crest in H. lunatus than in H. juanchaparroi ( fig. 21A, C ).

DISTRIBUTION: The type locality of H. parvulus is obviously erroneous ( Armas, 1984). Hadruroides lunatus has been reported to occur in Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela ( Mello-Leitão, 1945; Esquivel de Verde, 1968; Cekalovic, 1983; Maury, 1975; Sissom and Fet, 2000; Ochoa, 2005). The records for Colombia and Venezuela (Mello- Leitão, 1945; Flórez, 1990; Esquivel de Verde, 1968) are also erroneous and no subsequent authors included this species in the scorpion fauna of these countries ( Flórez, 1990; Lourenço, 1997b; González-Sponga, 1984, 1996; Rojas-Runjaic and De Sousa, 2007). Records from northern Chile and Ecuador ( Cekalovic, 1983; Sissom and Fet, 2000) are probably misidentifications of other Hadruroides species. In the present contribution, we can confirm the presence of this species only in the Lima Department of central Peru and Isla Pachacamac (fig. 2). Other records from northern Peru must be confirmed in the future. Records from Tacna and Arequipa in southern Peru ( Ochoa, 2005) correspond to new species, the descriptions of which are in preparation by the authors (fig. 2).

ECOLOGY: Hadruroides lunatus inhabits rocky areas and Lomas formations in the coastal Pacific Desert ( Aguilar, 1968; Aguilar and Meneses, 1970; fig. 3G).

Figures

Fig. 2. Map of Peru, plotting known locality records of Hadruroides Pocock, 1893. Hadruroides carinatus Pocock, 1900, open circles. Hadruroides charcasus (Karsch, 1879), solid squares. Hadruroides chinchaysuyu, n. sp., diamonds. Hadruroides juanchaparroi, n. sp., solid circles. Hadruroides lunatus (L. Koch, 1867), open squares. Hadruroides mauryi Francke and Soleglad, 1980, open triangles. Undetermined Hadruroides species, stars.

Fig. 3. Hadruroides Pocock, 1893, habitats in Peru. A. Puchaca Alto (Lambayeque Department), habitat of Hadruroides leopardus Pocock, 1900. B. Balsas (Cajamarca Department), habitat of Hadruroides geckoi, n. sp. C. Cerro Campana (La Libertad Department), habitat of Hadruroides juanchaparroi, n. sp. D. Wari (Ayacucho Department), habitat of Hadruroides bustamantei Ochoa and Chaparro, 2008. E. Isla Santa (Ancash Department), habitat of Hadruroides tishqu, n. sp. F. Playa Vichayitos (Piura Department), habitat of Hadruroides vichayitos, n. sp. G. Lomas de Lachay (Lima Department), habitat of Hadruroides lunatus (L. Koch, 1867).

Fig. 5. Hadruroides Pocock, 1893, habitus in life. A. Hadruroides juanchaparroi, n. sp., ♂. B. Hadruroides leopardus Pocock, 1900, ♂. C. Hadruroides lunatus (L. Koch, 1867), ♀. D. Hadruroides vichayitos, n. sp., ♂. E. Hadruroides tishqu, n. sp., ♂.

Fig. 16. Hadruroides graceae, n. sp., diagnostic characters. A, B. Paratype ♀ (MHNC). A. Metasomal segment V, lateral aspect. B. Telson, lateral aspect. C–E. Paratype ♂ (MHNC). C. Tergite IV, dorsal aspect showing pigmentation pattern. D. Sternite VII and metasomal segments I–V, ventral aspect showing pigmentation pattern. E. Dextral pedipalp chela, movable finger, dorsal aspect showing dentition. F, G. Paratype ♀ (MHNC). F. Dextral pedipalp chela, ventrointernal aspect. G. Dextral pedipalp chela, external aspect. Scale bars 5 1 mm.

Fig. 11. Hadruroides geckoi, n. sp., holotype ♂ (MHNC). A. Metasomal segments IV, V and telson, lateral aspect. B. Metasomal segment V, ventral aspect. C. Dextral pedipalp patella, dorsal aspect. D. Dextral pedipalp patella, ventral aspect. E. Dextral pedipalp chela, ventral aspect. F. Dextral pedipalp femur, dorsal aspect. G. Dextral pedipalp chela, ventrointernal aspect. H. Dextral pedipalp chela, external aspect. Scale bars 5 1 mm

Fig. 12. Hadruroides Pocock, 1893, diagnostic characters. A–C. Hadruroides geckoi, n. sp., paratype ♀ (MHNC). A. Metasomal segment V and telson, lateral aspect. B. Dextral pedipalp chela, ventrointernal aspect. C. Dextral pedipalp chela, external aspect. D. H. geckoi, paratype ♂ (MHNC), sternite VII and metasomal segments I–V, ventral aspect showing pigmentation pattern. E. Hadruroides carinatus Pocock, 1900, ♂ (MHNC), dextral pedipalp chela, ventral aspect. F. H. geckoi, paratype ♂ (MHNC), tergite IV, dorsal aspect showing pigmentation pattern. G. Hadruroides vichayitos, n. sp., paratype ♂ (MHNC), tergite IV, dorsal aspect showing pigmentation pattern. H. H. carinatus, ♂ (MHNC), tergite IV, dorsal aspect showing pigmentation pattern. Scale bars 5 1 mm.

Fig. 13. Hadruroides geckoi, n. sp., paratype ♂ (MHNC), sinistral hemispermatophore. A. Ental aspect. B. Dorsal aspect. C. Ectal aspect. D. Ventral aspect. Scale bar 5 0.5 mm.

Fig. 14. Hadruroides graceae, n. sp., habitus. A, B. Paratype ♂ (AMNH). C, D. Paratype ♀ (AMNH). A, C. Dorsal aspect. B, D. Ventral aspect. Scale bars 5 1 cm.

Fig. 15. Hadruroides graceae, n. sp., holotype ♂ (MHNC). A. Metasomal segment V and telson, lateral aspect. B. Metasomal segment IV, lateral aspect. C. Metasomal segment IV, ventral aspect. D. Metasomal segment V, ventral aspect. E. Dextral pedipalp patella, dorsal aspect. F. Dextral pedipalp femur, dorsal aspect. G. Dextral pedipalp chela, ventrointernal aspect. H. Dextral pedipalp chela, ventral aspect. I. Dextral pedipalp chela, external aspect. Scale bars 5 1 mm.

Fig. 17. Hadruroides graceae, n. sp., paratype ♂ (MHNC), sinistral hemispermatophore. A. Ental aspect. B. Dorsal aspect. C. Ectal aspect. D. Ventral aspect. Scale bar 5 0.5 mm.

Fig. 18. Hadruroides juanchaparroi, n. sp., habitus. A, B. Holotype ³ (MHNC). C, D. Paratype ♀ (MHNC). A, C. Dorsal aspect. B, D. Ventral aspect. Scale bars 5 1 cm.

Fig. 19. Hadruroides juanchaparroi, n. sp., holotype ♂ (MHNC). A. Metasomal segments IV, V and telson, lateral aspect. B. Dextral pedipalp chela, ventral aspect. C. Dextral pedipalp chela, external aspect. D. Dextral pedipalp chela, ventrointernal aspect. E. Dextral pedipalp femur, dorsal aspect. F. Dextral pedipalp patella, dorsal aspect. G. Metasomal segment V, ventral aspect. Scale bars 5 1 mm.

Fig. 20. Hadruroides Pocock, 1893, diagnostic characters. A, B. Hadruroides juanchaparroi, n. sp., paratype ♀ (MHNC). A. Telson, lateral aspect. B. Metasomal segment V, lateral aspect. C. Hadruroides lunatus (L. Koch, 1867), ♀ (AMNH), tergite V, dorsal aspect showing pigmentation pattern. D–F. H. juanchaparroi, paratype ♂ (MHNC). D. Tergite IV, dorsal aspect showing pigmentation pattern. E. Sternite VII and metasomal segments I–V, ventral aspect showing pigmentation pattern. F. Dextral pedipalp chela, movable finger, dorsal aspect showing dentition. G. Hadruroides geckoi, n. sp., paratype ♂ (MHNC), dextral pedipalp chela, movable finger, dorsal aspect showing dentition. H. Hadruroides vichayitos, n. sp., paratype ♂ (MHNC), dextral pedipalp chela, movable finger, dorsal aspect showing dentition. Scale bars 5 1 mm.

Fig. 21. Hadruroides juanchaparroi, n. sp., paratype ³ (MHNC), sinistral hemispermatophore. A. Ental aspect. B. Dorsal aspect. C. Ectal aspect. D. Ventral aspect. Scale bar 5 0.5 mm.

Fig. 22. Hadruroides tishqu, n. sp., habitus. A, B. Paratype ³ (AMNH). C, D. Subadult ♀ paratype (MHNC). A, C. Dorsal aspect. B, D. Ventral aspect. Scale bars 5 1 cm

Fig. 24. Hadruroides tishqu, n. sp., diagnostic characters. A. Subadult ³ paratype (MHNC), dextral pedipalp chela, movable finger, dorsal aspect showing dentition. B. Paratype ³ (MHNC), tergite IV, dorsal aspect showing pigmentation pattern. C. Paratype ♀ (AMNH), dextral pedipalp chela, external aspect. D. Holotype ³ (MHNC). Dextral pedipalp chela, ventral aspect. E. Paratype ♀ (AMNH), dextral pedipalp chela, ventral aspect. Scale bars 5 1 mm.

Fig. 23. Hadruroides tishqu, n. sp., diagnostic characters. A. Paratype ♀ (AMNH), telson, lateral aspect. B–H. Holotype ³ (MHNC). B. Metasomal segment V, ventral aspect. C. Metasomal segment V and telson, lateral aspect. D. Dextral pedipalp femur, dorsal aspect. E. Dextral pedipalp patella, dorsal aspect. F. Dextral pedipalp chela, ventrointernal aspect. G. Dextral pedipalp chela, external aspect. H. Metasomal segment IV, lateral aspect. Scale bars 5 1 mm.