Halicoides iemanja, Do Nascimento & Serejo, 2024

Do Nascimento, Priscila S. & Serejo, Cristiana S., 2024, New findings of the family Pardaliscidae from the southwestern Atlantic: the genus Halicoides Walker, 1896, Zootaxa 5481 (5), pp. 501-519 : 512-516

Halicoides iemanja sp. nov.

( Figures 5–7 )

Material examined. Holotype, female, 3.6 mm, MNRJ 31057 , Sta. AMB5 D06 R2 (dissected).

Paratypes: 1 male, length 5.0 mm, MNRJ 24607 , Sta. HAB8 F06 R1 (dissected) ; 1 male, MNRJ 24606 , Sta. HAB8 A09 R1 ; 1 male, MNRJ 24611 , Sta. HAB09 CANAC9 R2 (0-2) ; 1 male, MNRJ 24695 , Sta. HAB11 E04 R1 ; 1 female, MNRJ 31053 , Sta. AMB4 F06 R1 ; 1 juvenile, MNRJ 31054 , Sta. AMB5 A06 R2 ; 1 juvenile, MNRJ 31055 , Sta. AMB5 A08 R1 ; 1 female, MNRJ 31056 , Sta. AMB5 D06 R1 ; 1 juvenile, MNRJ 31060 , Sta. AMB12 D04 R1 (0-2) ; 1 female, 1 male MNRJ 31061 , Sta. AMB12 E06 R3 ; 1 juvenile, MNRJ 31062 , Sta. AMB12 E07 R3 ; 1 male, MNRJ 31034 , Sta. SANSED1 B07 R2 (0-2) ; 2 juveniles, MNRJ 31035 , Sta. SANSED1 C08 R3 (0-2) ; 1 male, MNRJ 31036 , Sta. SANSED1 C09 R3 (0-2) ; 2 juveniles, MNRJ 31037 , Sta. SANSED2 E08 R1 (0-2) ; 1 male, MNRJ 31038 , Sta. SANSED2 E09 R2 (0-2) ; 1 juvenile, MNRJ 31039 , Sta. SANSED4 G07 R3 (0-2) ; 1 male, MNRJ 31040 , Sta. SANSED4 H07 R3 (0-2) ; 1 juvenile, MNRJ 31043 , Sta. SANSED7 B08 R3 (0-2) ; 1 female, MNRJ 31044 , Sta. SANSED7 C09 R2 (0-2) ; 1 male, 1 female, MNRJ 31045 , Sta. SANSED7 D07 R1 (0-2) ; 1 juvenile, MNRJ 31046 , Sta. SANSED7 D08 R1 (0-2) ; 1 juvenile, MNRJ 31047 , Sta. SANSED7 D09 R2 (0-2) ; 1 male, MNRJ 31048 , Sta. SANSED7 D09 R3 (0-2) ; 1 male, MNRJ 31049 , Sta. SANSED8 F08 R2 (0-2) ; 1 female, MNRJ 31050 , Sta. SANSED8 F09 R1 (0-2) ; 1 female, MNRJ 31051 , Sta. SANSED7 P03 R3 (0-2) ; 1 female, MNRJ 31052 , Sta. SANSED8 P09 R1 (0-2).

Etymology. In reference to the popular entity in African-based religions in Brazil. Iemanjá is an orixá known as a deity of the seas, her belief says that she has dominion over everything that lives in the waters. Besides, the abundance of long aesthetascs in female antenna 1 resembles the crown with a curtain of beads falling over the face in the image of Iemanjá.

Diagnosis. Antenna 1, sexually dimorphic. primary flagellum short with 13 articles. Male article 1 of both flagellum fused, but accessory flagellum not flattened; callinophore absent. Female with long aesthetascs, 2 per article; article 1 of both flagellum not fused. Antenna 2, peduncle, articles 4–5 about 5x longer than wide; flagellum with 10 articles. Upper lip rounded, not incised. Mandibles, rakers absent; palp article 3 about 0.7x the length of article 2. Gnathopod 2 more setose than 1, carpus ventral margin with setae only in the distal half. Pereopods 3–4, poorly setose; merus weakly robust, 1.5x longer than wide; carpus weakly robust, subrectangular, about 2x longer than wide. Pereopod 5, dactylus as long as propodus. Pereopods 6–7, long dactylus, 0.8x the length of propodus. Urosomite 1–2 smooth; urosomite 2 with 1 simple seta dorsally. Uropod 2, peduncle poorly setose; outer ramus with 1 row of robust setae; inner ramus, dorsal setae absent. Uropod 3, article 2 of outer ramus about 18% the length of the ramus. Telson cleft about 90% of the length.

Description. Holotype, female, length 3.6 mm, MNRJ 31057. Head wider than long; cephalic lobe present, well-developed, exceeding half-length of article 1 of peduncle of antenna 1; rostrum present, long, reaching half-length of article 1 of peduncle of antenna 1; eyes absent. Antenna 1, peduncle short, reaching less than half of article 4 of peduncle of antenna 2; article 1 the longest, 3x the length of the article 2, articles 2 and 3 subequal in length; primary flagellum with 13 articles, aesthetascs present from article 2 to 11, 2 per article; accessory flagellum with 4 articles, distal simple setae on each one. Antenna 2, longer than antenna 1; peduncle, article 3 very short, as long as wide, articles 4–5 subequal in length and width, about 5x longer than wide, with simple setae; flagellum with 10 articles.

Mouthparts forming a quadratiform bundle. Upper lip rounded, not incised. Mandibles, incisor microdentate, row of setae present, rakers absent and molar absent on both sides; right mandible, lacinia mobilis wide, more than half the width of the incisor, microdentate; left mandible, lacinia mobilis as long as wide, microdentate; palp, 3- articulated on both sides; article 1 short, article 2 about 3x longer than article 1, with simple setae; article 3 about 0.7x the length of article 2, with 2 long simple setae apically. Lower lip, inner lobes coalesced. Maxilla 1, inner plate reduced, with 1 long simple seta apically; outer plate with 1 subapical plumose seta and 7 apical robust setae; palp 2- articulated, article 2 not expanded distally, with 2 subapical simple setae and 5 apical robust setae. Maxilla 2, slender plates, about 3x longer than wide, plates subequal in length; inner plate with 4 simple setae on the inner margin, 2 simple setae and 1 plumose seta apically; outer plate with 2 simple setae and 1 plumose seta apically. Maxilliped, inner plate reduced, with 2 apical simple setae; outer plate, reaching article 2 of the palp, with 3 robust setae on the inner margin and 3 robust setae apically; palp 4-articulated, article 1 with 1 simple seta on the inner margin, article 2 with 4 simple setae on the inner margin, article 3 with 3 simple setae in the distal half, article 4 smooth, without tooth, with 1 small simple seta.

Coxae 1–7 short, wider than long; coxa 1 projected anteriorly; coxae 2–4 suquadrate; coxa 5 with anterior projection well developed; coxa 6 with weak anterior projection; coxa 7 projected posteriorly, over epimeron 1. Oostegites from pereopods 3 to 5, long and thin.

Gnathopod 1 slender; basis with simple setae on anterior margin, basis and ischium with 1 simple seta on posterodistal angle of each one; merus with 2 simple setae; carpus, 2x longer than wide, shorter than propodus, with 3 simple setae; propodus 3x longer than wide, with 4 simple setae; palm absent (simple), dactylus smooth with 3 short simple setae. Gnathopod 2 slender as gnathopod 1, more setose; basis with 4 simple setae on anterior margin; ischium with 3 long simple setae on posteroventral angle; merus with 3 simple setae; carpus 2x longer than wide, shorter than propodus, ventral margin with long simple setae covering the distal half; propodus 3x longer than wide, with 10 simple setae and 3 plumose setae with short setules; dactylus smooth with 3 short simple setae. Pereopods 3, basis and ischium with simple setae distally; merus weakly robust, 1.5x longer than wide, with 4 simple setae on ventral margin; carpus weakly robust, subrectangular, about 2x longer than wide, with 6 simple setae; propodus subequal in length to carpus, a little bit narrower, with 3 simple setae and 1 robust seta; dactylus as long as propodus, simple, not subdivided. Pereopod 4 similar to 3 in shape, size and setation; carpus with 2 plumose setae with short setules.

Pereopod 5 about 1.5x longer than pereopod 4; basis 1.8x longer than wide, with a weak posterior lobe; basis and ischium, anteroventral angle with 1 robust seta with apical seta; merus, carpus and propodus anterior margin with robust setae with apical seta; propodus 10x longer than wide; dactylus as long as propodus. Pereopod 6 about 1.5x longer than pereopod 5, a little more setose, articles with setae on both margins; basis, with posterior lobe; propodus 10x longer than wide; long dactylus, 0.8x the length of propodus. Pereopod 7 a little shorter than pereopod 6, more setose; basis broadly rounded, 1.5x longer than wide with posterior lobe reaching the end of ischium; propodus 10x longer than wide; long dactylus, 0.8x the length of propodus.

Epimeron 1–3 subquadrate, without tooth on posteroventral angle, naked. Pleopods well developed, basal articles of ramus not fused, about 9 articles, setose. Urosomite 1–2 smooth; urosomite 2 with a small dorsal bump for insertion of 1 simple seta, without dorsal tooth. Uropod 1, peduncle subequal to ramus in length, 1 robust seta on inner margin and row of 4 robust setae on outer margin, posteroventral tooth present; biramus, ramus subequal in length, apically rounded; outer ramus with 5 dorsal robust setae and 2 apical robust setae; inner ramus with 4 dorsal robust setae and 2 apical robust setae. Uropod 2, peduncle subequal to ramus in length, with 2 robust seta on inner margin, posteroventral tooth present; biramus, ramus apically rounded, outer ramus longer than inner; outer ramus, with row of 4 robust setae and 3 apical robust setae; inner ramus with 1 subapical robust seta and 3 apical robust setae. Uropod 3, peduncle a little shorter than ramus, with 2 robust setae on inner margin and 1 robust seta on outer margin; biramus, lanceolate, no apparent setae but insertion marks along inner and outer ramus; outer ramus 2- articulated, article 2 about 18% the length of the ramus, with 1 very small simple seta apically. Telson 2x longer than wide, cleft about 90% of the length, each lobe with 1 pair of subequal cusps with 1 very small simple seta apically.

Males: The sexual dimorphism of this species can be observed mainly in antenna 1, first articles of primary and accessory flagellum fused. The fused article 1 of accessory flagellum in H. iemanja sp. nov. is not flattened as in Halicoides campensis sp. nov. Callynophores are absent, but aesthetascs present in primary flagellum from articles 4 to 12, only 1 per article.

Type locality. Sta. AMB5 D06 R2 , Espírito Santo Basin (19°50’01.99’’S 39°26’30.13’’W), 1053 m .

General Distribution. Campos Basin , Santos Basin and Espírito Santo Basin (19º–26º S), Brazil, Southwest Atlantic Ocean, depth range from 45 to 3012 m ( Figure 1 ) .

Remarks. Comparing with all 13 Halicoides species, H. iemanja sp. nov. is closer to H. lolo and H. nana in pereopods 3 and 4 presenting merus and carpus slightly expanded. Furthermore, the three species are very similar in several characters such as: antenna 1 with well-developed aestethascs; gnathopod 2 more setose than gnathopod 1, but not so densely as compared with all the other species; urosomites 1–2 smooth, lacking teeth.

Halicoides iemanja sp. nov. can be distinguished from H. lolo and H. nana by the upper lip rounded, not incised; dactylus of pereopod 5 as long as propodus (dactylus shorter than propodus in H. lolo , and 0.6x the length of the propodus in H. nana ). Also, Halicoides iemanja sp. nov. has the telson 90% cleft (versus 80% in H. nana ), and lacks dorsofacial setae (versus present in H. lolo ). Additionally, Halicoides iemanja sp. nov. differs from H. campensis sp. nov. and H. tertia by urosomite 1–2 smooth, lacking tooth.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Distribution map of Halicoides campensis sp. nov (orange dots) and H. iemanja sp. nov. (purple dots) along the study area (19o–26o S). White stars indicate the type localities of each species as shown in the map. Samples were collected between 29–3084 m depths, from Espírito Santo, Campos and Santos Basins.

FIGURE 5. Halicoides iemanja sp. nov., holotype, female, 3.6 mm, Espírito Santo Basin, MNRJ 31057. Habitus, antennae, mouthparts. Paratype, male, 5.0 mm, Campos Basin, MNRJ 24607. Antenna 1. Scale = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 6. Halicoides iemanja sp. nov., holotype, female, 3.6 mm, Espírito Santo Basin, MNRJ 31057, Sta. AMB5 D06 R2. Gnathopods and pereopods. Scale = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 7. Halicoides iemanja sp. nov., holotype, female, 3.6 mm, Espírito Santo Basin, MNRJ 31057. Uropods, telson and epimeron. Paratype, male, 5.0 mm, Campos Basin, MNRJ 24607. Urosomites (dorsal view). Scale = 0.1 mm.