Hapalopus akroa, Moeller & Galleti-Lima & Guadanucci, 2024

Moeller, Wolf, Galleti-Lima, Arthur & Guadanucci, José Paulo Leite, 2024, New species of tarantulas from Brazil and notes on the Hapalopini tribe (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Theraphosinae), European Journal of Taxonomy 947, pp. 53-87 : 61-64

Hapalopus akroa sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D0516965-1DBD-4EB4-A5CE-9EC45CF980D8

Figs 11–18 , 53–66 , 119 , Table 2

Diagnosis

Males of Hapalopus akroa sp. nov. can be characterized by the abdomen with a dorsal longitudinal middle dark band ( Figs12, 15 ), the palpal bulb VP with a TK ( Figs 53, 55 ), the PI ring-shaped with a denticulate margin ( Fig.54 ) and apical keel (SA) discrete serrated ( Fig. 56 ). Males differ from H. lesleyae by the absence of PA ( Fukushima et al. 2005: 20, fig. 51; Gabriel 2011: 78, fig. 6). They differ from H. aymara by the presence of PS, pronunciated VP and the abdominal pattern ( Fig. 12 ; Perdomo et al. 2009: 54, figs 1–6), from H. serrapelada and H. formosus by the absence of a retrolateral keel ( Gerschman & Schiapelli 1973: 71, fig. 79; Fonseca-Ferreira et al. 2017: 186, fig. 18), and from H. guidonae sp. nov. by the longer embolus (distance between the distal portion of TK and the proximal portion of SA longer than the length of VP), by the SA less serrated, the PI with a pronounced denticulate margin, and by the abdominal dorsal pattern, without stripes ( Figs 12 , 53–56 ). Females can be diagnosed by their abdomen with a dorsal longitudinal middle dark band and by their spermathecae with a single rounded receptacle ( Figs 15 , 65 ). They differs from H. aymara , H. gasci , and H. serrapelada by the spermathecae shape with a single rounded receptacle ( Fig. 65 ; Perdomo et al. 2009: 54, fig. 7; Fukushima et al. 2005: 20, fig. 54; Mori & Bertani 2020: 48, fig. 58; Fonseca-Ferreira et al. 2017: 187, figs 24–25). They differs from H. coloratus , H. formosus . H. nigriventris and H. variegatus by the abdominal pattern with a dorsal longitudinal middle dark band ( Fig. 15 ; Gabriel & Sherwood 2022: 8; Ausserer 1875: 175; Gabriel 2016: 78; Caporiacco 1955: 281).

Etymology

The name is in honor of the indigenous Akroá people, originating from the southeastern region of Piauí State, Brazil, and known for their historical resistance against colonization.

Type material

Holotype

BRAZIL • ♂; Piauí, Parque Nacional Serra das Confusões , 2010–2011; L.S. Carvalho et al. col.; IBSP 272763 .

Paratype

BRAZIL • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; IBSP 272771 • 1 ♂; same data as for holotype; IBSP 343841 .

Description

Male (holotype IBSP 272763)

Color (in alcohol): carapace, light orange. Chelicerae orange. Legs light orange except by the tarsus and metatarsus dark orange. Dorsal abdomen beige with a longitudinal dark band. Mirror patch bright yellow color. Sternum, coxae, labium and maxillae light orange. Ventral abdomen beige ( Figs 11–13 ). Only type III urticating setae, on the central dorsum of the abdomen. Total length: 20.77. Chelicerae basal segment: length 2.15. Carapace elongated: length 9.22, width 7.69. Abdomen: length 9.40. Clypeus absent. Eye tubercle slightly elevated, oval: length 1.61, width 1.00. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior slightly recurved. Eyes and interdistances: AME 0.29, ALE 0.24, PME 0.21, PLE 0.33, AME–AME 0.22, AME–ALE 0.15, ALE–ALE 0.30, PME–PME 0.73, PME–PLE 0.10, PLE–PLE 0.99, AME–PME0.11, ALE–PLE 0.20. Thoracic fovea slightly procurved, deep: width 2.10. Chelicerae basal segment with 9 well-developed teeth on furrow promargin, with a group of ca 22 small teeth on proximal area of furrow. Intercheliceral tumescence absent. Maxillae with 100–150 cuspules, located on anterior inner corner. Labium subrectangular: length 1.27, width 2.21, with ca 40 cuspules. Sternum slightly round: length 4.57, width 3.77; with three pairs of oval sigilla separated by its diameter from the edge.

Palp: globose tegulum with embolus elongated ( Figs 53, 55 ); pronounced PI ring shaped with a denticulate margin, more pronounced than PS ( Figs 54–55 ); retrolateral keel absent; SA slightly serrated ( Fig. 56 ); pronounced VP with a large TK ( Figs 53, 55, 57 ). Cymbium with two asymmetric lobes. Palpal tibia slightly thickened at base, with a TP covered with setae in retrolateral face ( Figs 58–61 ).

Tibial apophysis: composed of two converging branches fused at base ( Fig. 63 ); retrolateral branch longer, slightly curved ( Fig. 62 ); prolateral branch short and thick, slightly recurved with a small apical spine ( Fig. 64 ). Metatarsus I fold between the two branches of the tibial apophysis.

Superior tarsal claws with three small teeth on the midline. Tarsal scopulae: I-II entire with longitudinal band of conical setae; III-IV divided by longitudinal band of conical setae. Metatarsal scopulae: I-IV on distal 1/3. Clavate tarsal trichobothria in two rows, each with ca 19 trichae, interspersed with ca 10 filiform trichobothria of different sizes. Leg formula 4312 ( Table 2 ).

Spination (proximal to distal): cymbium and tarsi without spines. Palp: femur 0; patella (v) ap1, (p) 1; tibia (p) 0-2-1. Leg I: femur (d) 1; patella 0; tibia (p) 1, (r) 0-1-1; metatarsus (v) 2-0-ap1, (r) 0-1-0. Leg II: femur (p) 1; patella 0; tibia (v) 2-2-ap1, (r) 0-1-0; metatarsus (v) 0-2-ap1, (p) 1, (r) 1. Leg III: femur (d) 0-0-2; patella (p) 1; tibia (v) 0-1-ap2, (p) 0-2-ap1, (r) 0-1-1; metatarsus (v) 1-2-ap2, (p) 1-3-1, (r) 1-2-1. Leg IV: femur (d) 1; patela (p) 1; tibia (v) 1-1-ap2, (p) 0-1-1, (r) 1-1-0; metatarsus (d) 1-2-1, (v) 2-4-2, (p)1-2-1, (r) 1-4-2.

Female (Paratype IBSP 272771)

Color (in alcohol): as in male, except for carapace black without long hairs ( Fig. 14 ). Only type III urticating setae, on the central dorsum of the abdomen. Total length: 24.34. Chelicerae basal segment: length 3.40. Carapace elongated: length 8.84, width 8.22. Abdomen: length 12.10. Clypeus absent. Eye tubercle slightly elevated, oval: length 1.30, width 1.80. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior slightly recurved. Eyes and interdistances: AME 0.30, ALE 0.43, PME 0.24, PLE 0.32, AME–AME 0.37, AME–ALE 0.12, ALE–ALE 1.10, PME–PME 0.90, PME–PLE 0.15, PLE–PLE 1.21, AME–PME 0.12, ALE–PLE 0.18. Thoracic fovea straight, short, deep: width 1.31. Chelicerae basal segment with 9 well-developed teeth on furrow promargin, and a group of ca 22 small teeth on proximal area of furrow. Intercheliceral tumescence absent. Maxillae with 100–150 cuspules, located on anterior inner corner. Labium trapezoidal: length 1.16, width 2.02, with ca 13 cuspules. Sternum slightly round: length 4.19, width 4.12; with three pairs of oval sigilla separated by its diameter from the edge.

Spermathecae: composed by a single receptacle, well sclerotized with granular cavities throughout the receptacle ( Figs 65–66 ).

Superior tarsal claws with four small teeth on the midline. Tarsal scopulae: I-II entire; III entire with longitudinal band of conical setae; IV divided by longitudinal band of conical setae. Metatarsal scopulae dense, extension: I more than a distal half; II on distal half; III and IV on distal 1/3, divided by longitudinal band of conical setae. Clavate tarsal trichobothria in two rows, each with ca 10 trichae, interspersed with ca 13 filiform trichobothria of different sizes. Leg formula 4312 ( Table 2 ).

Spination (proximal to distal): femura, patellae and tarsi without spines. Palp: tibia (v) 0-2-ap3. Leg I: tibia 0; metatarsus (v) 1-1-ap1. Leg II: tibia (v) 0-1-ap0, (d) 0-1-ap0; metatarsus (v) 1-1-ap2. (p) 1-1- ap0. Leg III: tibia (v) 0-1-ap2, (p) 1-1-ap0, (r) 0-1-ap1; metatarsus (v) 1-1-ap2, (p) 1-3-1, (r), 2-1-1. Leg IV: tibia (v) 1-2-ap2, (r) 1-1-ap1; metatarsus (v) 1-1-ap2, (p) 1-2-2, (r), 1-2-1.

Figures

Figs 11–18. Hapalopus akroa sp. nov. 11–13, 17. Holotype ♂, IBSP 272763. 14–16, 18. Paratype ♀, IBSP 272771. 11, 14. Prosome, dorsal view. 12, 15. Opisthosoma, dorsal view. 13, 16. Prosome, ventral view. 17, 18. Labium and endites. Scale bars=5 mm.

Figs 53–66. Hapalopus akroa sp. nov. 53–64. Holotype ♂, IBSP 272763. 65–66. Paratype ♀, IBSP 272771. 53–57. Palpal bulb. 53. Retrolateral view. 54. Frontal view. 55. Prolateral view.56. Embolous prolateral view detached. 57. Tegulum prolateral view detached. 58–61. Palpal tibia. 58. Retrolateral view. 59. Ventral view. 60. Prolateral view. 61. Dorsal view. 62–64. Tibial apophysis. 62. Retrolateral view. 63. Ventral view. 64. Prolateral view. 65–66. Spermathecae. 65. Ventral view. 66. Receptacle detached. Abbreviations: Palpal bulb: A=Apical keel, PI =Prolateral inferior keel, PS =Prolateral superior keel, SA =Subapical keel, TK =Tegular keel, VP =Ventral tegular projection. Palpal tibia: TP=Tubercular process. Spermathecae: GC =Granular cavities. Dotted lines indicate detached areas. Scale bars: general area =0.5 mm, detached areas: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 119. Hapalopini species distribution. Pink squares=Cyriocosmus paresi sp. nov. Green hexagon =Hapalopus akroa sp. nov. Yellow hexagon =H. guidonae sp. nov. Red circles=Kochiana fukushimae sp. nov. Orange circles=K. brunnipes (Koch, 1841). Blue triangles =Munduruku bicoloratum Miglio, Bonaldo & Pérez-Miles, 2013.